화서 이항로의 도덕국가론―탈근대적 국가상을 위한 비판적 검토―

이승연(Lee Sung-Yeon) 동양사회사상학회 2004 사회사상과 문화 Vol.9 No.-

본 논문은 제국주의로 전락할 수밖에 없었던, 또 설령 제국주의로 전락하지 않더라도 국가의 배타적 이익 추구를 전제로 하는 서구 근대 국민국가의 모순과 한계를 지적하고 그 대안적 국가상을 화서華西 이항로李恒老(1792~1868)의 국가 사상에서 발견하고자 한 것이다. 주지하는 바와 같이, 이항로는 서구 문화의 유입에 따른 충격과 내부적 모순이 극대화된 19세기, 주자학의 재확립을 통해 사회 질서의 재구축을 도모하였던 위정척사파의 중심 인물이다. ‘근대’가 사상사 연구의 한 기축을 이루면서 한때 봉건 질서의 옹호자로 배척받기도 했던 그의 사상은, 60년대부터 자주적 민족주의가 강조되면서, 이후 그의 제자들에 의해 주도된 의병항쟁과 더불어 자주적 민족주의의 선구로 재평가되기도 했다. 그러나 그는 분명 전통적 질서의 옹호자였지만 당시의 부패한 조선을 옹호한 것은 아니었으며, 서구 세력에 대항하며 그들의 전통을 수호하고자 하였지만 우리가 말하는 민족주의자는 아니었다. 실제로 그들의 ‘국가’는 근대 국민국가 개념으로는 정의될 수 없는 그들만의 ‘국가’였던 것이다. 그에 대한 이처럼 상반된 평가는 그 평가의 기준이 ‘근대’와 ‘민족주의’라고하는, 일견 상이한 것 같으면서도 ‘근대’라고 하는 동일한 뿌리에서 파생된 오늘날의 우리의 잣대로 그들을 보고자 한 것에 기인할 것이다. 따라서 본고는 근대 국민국가와는 정면으로 대치되는, 또 근대 국민국가의 틀안에서는 설명될 수 없는 이항로의 국가 사상을 통해 유가적 국가 사상의 의의를 재조명하는 한편, 그의 국가 사상을 기초로 탈근대적 국가상을 모색하고자 한다. 이를 위해 본고에서는 먼저 유가적 국가 사상의 근간이 되는 『대학』과 『춘추』를 중심으로 이항로의 전체적인 국가 사상을 개괄적으로 소묘하였으며, 이를 바탕으로 19세기 조선이라고 하는 특수한 상황 속에서 서양에 대한 대항적 언설로 구성된 그의 국가 사상의 특징과 의의를 규명하고자 한다. The present paper attempts to point out the self-contradiction and the limitation of the modern Western republic that premises on the exclusionary pursuit of the national interests--if it could not but inevitably degenerate into the imperialism--and seeks to discover the alternative national image in the national ideology of HwaSuh Hang-Ro Lee(1792~1868). As it has been noted, Lee was the central figure among the “위정척사 WeeJungChuckSah” who attempted to re-structure the social order through re-establishment of the JuJaism in the mid 19th century when the shock and inner-conflicts from the introduction of the Western culture had reached its peak. Lee had once been accused as a defender of the feudal order, and his ideas had been rejected, when the modernism was established as a main current of the philosophical ideas. Since the 1960s when the spirit of the national independence was emphasized, Lee’s ideas, along with the armed struggle for the independence led by his followers, have been re-evaluated as the pioneering ideas for the self-determinative nationalism. Although he clearly supported the traditional order, he did not defend the corrupt government of Chosun; he struggled to defend her heritage against the encroaching Western forces, but he was not the kind of nationalist as we know of. In reality, his ‘nation’ was an idea of his own that could not be defined by the modern, concept of the republic. The conflicting critiques of Lee are perhaps due to the fact that the modern measuring stick we use is based on both converging and contradicting ideas of the modernism and the nationalism. The present paper, therefore, seeks to illumine anew the Confucianistic national ideology through Lee’s national ideology, which stands opposite of the modern republic and can not be explained within the framework of the modern republic. At the same time, based on Lee’s nationalism, the present paper seeks to explore a national image that transcends the modern national ideology.

심곡서원의 조영과정과 배치에 관한 연구 - 사료 및 발굴조사결과를 중심으로 -

이승연,이상해,Lee, Seung-Yeon,Lee, Sang-Hae 한국건축역사학회 2010 건축역사연구 Vol.19 No.3

Sewon was a new type of private academy established by a class landed Confucian scholars known as sarim. During Joseon dynasty, sewon had dual functions as a shrine and a place of learning. The site plan of seowon appeared mainly two types of site plan according to the indications of the age and school. This paper was done to analyze the site plan and construction history of Simgok seowon with historical materials and excavation investigation result. Simgok seowon is dedicated to Jo Gwang-jo(1482~1519). This private Confucian academy was founded in 1605 as a small shrine, which was destroyed in 1636. Thereafter, when the shrine received a royal warrant naming as Simgok seowon in 1650, the new site for the seowon was chosen, which is currently located in Gyeonggi-do Yongin-si Sanghyeon-ri 203. Since then, buildings of Simgok seowon was constructed and repaired couple of times. Through the investigation, it was found that the site plan of Simgok seowon was originally a type of 'jeonjaehudang', that is, dormitory building between the lecture hall and the outer gate, or dormitory building is in front and lecture hall is in behind.

비염(鼻炎) 환자(患者)에 관(關)한 임상적(臨床的) 관찰(觀察)

이승연,박동일,Lee, Sung-Yeon,Park, Dong-Ill 한국한의학연구원 1995 한국 한의학연구소 논문집 Vol.1 No.1

The clinical study was done as apreliminary to treat Rhinitis with orinetal medicine. We analysed 73 patients with sneezing, nasal discharge and nasal obstruction, who had visited Kept. of Internal Medicine. Hospital of Oriental Medicine, Dongui University from Jan, 1, 1993 to Dec, 31, 1993. The result swere obtained as follows. 1. In the sex ratio, man was higher than woman as 2.31:1 and in age distribution, below 10s was the top as 30.14% 2. In duration of hestory, over one year was the top as 64.38% 3. The most complained symptoms were nasal discharge and nasal obstruction as 94.52% 4. In the frequency of treatments, the cooler season was more than the warmer season 5. In the treatments of Medi-acupunctrer, most of acupuncture therapy was oden less than 5 times and Seonotanggami was most rsed in presciptions. 6. In the case of applying to Seonotanggami, nasal discharge was the most relieved symptom.

참나무 5종의 생태 복원 적지 추정을 위한 경제림 육성단지의 기후와 입지 요인 분석

이승연,김의주,이응필,조규태,박재훈,이영근,정상훈,홍용식,박진희,최승세,김해란,유영한,Lee, Seung-Yeon,Kim, Eui-Joo,Lee, Eung-Pill,Cho, Kyu-Tae,Park, Jae-Hoon,Lee, Young-Keun,Chung, Sang-Hoon,Hong, Yong-Sik,Park, Jin-Hee,Choi, Seung-Se,Kim 한국하천호수학회 2020 생태와 환경 Vol.53 No.4

The most important thing to successfully restore an oak forest is finding suitable climatic conditions and topographic factors for the oak species to be introduced. In this study, in order to find suitable environmental conditions for the five dominant oak trees on the Korean Peninsula, we carried out analysing the information on the location of forest vegetation on the Korean Peninsula. The range of annual mean temperature of the five oak trees was narrow in the order of Q. mongolica (7.7~14.3℃), Q. variabilis (9.2~13.8℃), Q. acutissima (10.5~14.3℃), Q. serrata (11.4~13.7℃), Q. aliena (11.0~12.9℃). The range of annual precipitation of oaks was narrow in order of Q. mongolica (1072.7~1780.9 mm), Q. variablis (1066.6~1554.9 mm), Q. acustissima (1036.5~1504.8 mm), Q. serrata (1062.6~1504.7 mm). The range of altitude was in order of Q. mongolica (147~1388m), Q. serrata (93~950m), Q. variabilis(90~913m), Q. acustissima (60~516m), Q. aliena (55~465 m). The range of slope was in the order of Q. mongolica (8~56°), Q. variabilis(5~52°), Q. serrata (11~45°), Q. aliena (15~38°), Q. acustissima (16~37°). These results are considered to be very useful in the case of ecological restoration using deciduous oak trees on the Korean Peninsula.

Helicobacter pylori의 한약 치료에 대한 연구

이승연,박상은,홍상훈,Lee, Seung-Yeon,Park, Sang-Eun,Hong, Sang-Hoon 대한한방내과학회 2012 大韓韓方內科學會誌 Vol.33 No.1

Objectives : Many studies have shown that helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is associated with gastroduodenal diseases. The purpose of this report was to evaluate recently published research on the influence of oriental herbal medicine on H. pylori infections. Methods : Recently published literature were systematically compared with their findings of how oriental herbal medical treatment affects H. pylori-associated disease. Results : The eradication rate of H. pylori in oriental herbal medicine groups was 66.93% while it was 66.02% in western medicine groups. In oriental herbal plus western medicine groups, interestingly, the rate increased to 84.78%. On the other hand, the total treatment efficacy rate of H. pylori in oriental herbal medicine groups was 91.27%. The treatment efficacy rate in oriental herbal plus western medicine groups rose to a record 93.22%, which was 15.34% higher than the rate in western medicine groups. In addition, the rate of adverse effects was 2.71%, 4.85%, 15.80% in oriental herbal medicine, western medicine, and oriental herbal plus western medicine groups, respectively. Diarrhea was most frequently observed in oriental herbal medicine groups, while nausea was most frequently observed in the other groups. Conclusions : The results of this study showed that herbal medicinal treatment can increase the rate of H. pylori eradication and improve H. pylori-related gastrointestinal symptoms. These findings suggest that herbal medicine can solve the problems including side effects due to antibiotic resistance of standard triple therapy.

여주 고달사지의 가람배치 변천과 주요 건물지에 관한 복원적 연구 - $1{\sim}5$차 발굴조사 결과를 중심으로 -

이승연,장경호,이상해,Lee, Seung-Yeon,Chang, Kyung-Ho,Lee, Sang-Hae 한국건축역사학회 2007 건축역사연구 Vol.16 No.2

Studies and reports on buddhist temples in Goryeo dynasty are rarely In the present situation. At this point of time new excavational reports and historic records offer many materials to understand a architecture in Goryeo period. Especially, temple site have various transitions, it is of great value to study. This article attempted a restorative study of a location, function, spacial arrangement, structure, building age is based on a measure and transition of temple layout that is based on the excavational result and related historic documents about Godal temple site in Yeoju. Gadal temple site was a representative Zen buddhist temple in Goryeo Dynasty. It was difficult of access by watercourse because it was located in an inland in the upper Han River. Archaeological research and historical records has reveals that the temple was constructed with a minium of four levels[six terms]. We could recognized the central site of temple and buildings were constantly established, enovated or collapsed. It has went through many transition according as it encountered new sects and doctrines. Also it should perform various functions and overcome given conditions. Ultimately it let see greater diversity in the spacial composition, and layout. That is to say it were planed several separate areas, each was consisted of main buildings, once again was integrated into one temple.

철기시대 철자형(凸字形).여자형(呂字形) 및 한성백제기 육각형(六角形) 주거지(住居址)의 평면과 구조 형식에 관한 연구

이승연,이상해,Lee, Seung-Yeon,Lee, Sang-Hae 한국건축역사학회 2007 건축역사연구 Vol.16 No.4

The '凸'-shaped, the '呂'-shaped and the hexagonal-shaped pit houses were excavated at the Youngdong area, some location along the upper the Imjin River and Han River between the Iron age and the kingdom of Hanseong Baekje. The aim of this study is to analyze various structural system and developement of the pit house with rectangular plan. It is considered a matter in all its aspects which are plan, scale, aspect, pillar holes, carbonized wood and several traces. These pit houses removes the pillar on the inside or it reduces to secure a wider space, it pursued the chamfered corner, the change of the front, the entrance fixed. Also these adopted diverse structural systems(the chuandou structure, the structural system of columns and beams and a bearing wall). But in the course of time, the Korean wooden architecture is developed gradually the structural system of columns and beams. It is presumed the result that overcome the limit with the close space and pursue the flowing space and compose a group of organizable buildings.

침수피해를 고려한 하천이용시설의 통합 유지관리 경제성 평가 프레임

이승연(Lee, Seung Yeon),방영준(Bang, Young Jun),이상은(Lee, Sang Eun),이승오(Lee, Seung Oh) 대한토목학회 2021 대한토목학회 학술대회 Vol.2021 No.10

환자에서 동료-치료자로

이승연(Seung Yeon Lee),서화연(Hwoyeon Seo),나은영(Eun Young Na),손지훈(Jee Hoon Sohn),조성준(Sung Joon Cho) 대한사회정신의학회 2018 사회정신의학 Vol.23 No.1

목 적 : 알코올 문제는 한국에서 중요한 문제이다. 정신건강 서비스의 현대의 ‘회복’개념에 발맞추어 ‘동료 기반의 서비스’가 조명을 받고 있다. 서울시정신건강복지센터에서는 알코올 사용장애를 진단받았던 환자들을 알코올 문제가 있는 대상의 사례관리자로 훈련시키는 프로그램을 시작하였다. 이 논문은 프로그램을 소개하고 지금까지의 간략한 결과를 보고하는 목적으로 쓰여졌다. 방 법 : 서울시정신건강복지센터는 알코올 사용장애로 진단받은 사람들 중 2년 이상 단주를 유지하는 사람을 대상으로 지원자를 선정하 였다. 총 152시간의 교육을 받은 이후에 서울시 알코올 재활센터로 파견받고 인턴쉽을 수행한다. 성공적으로 과정을 끝마친 사람에 게는 구직 인터뷰가 제공되고 알코올 문제가 있는 사람들을 대상으로 하는 사례관리자로서 채용된다. 결 과 : 21명이 현재까지 과정을 통하여 사례관리자가 되었다. 평균 나이는 56세이고 평균 단주기간은 8.8년이다. 교육 수준은 고등학교 졸업이 가장 높았다. 네 명은 사회복지사 자격증이 있었다. 결 론 : 정신건강 서비스 영역에서 패러다임의 변화는 이제 한국에서 불가피하다. 프로그램의 효과성에 관한 추가 연구가 필요하다. Objectives : The alcohol problem is prevalent in Korea. In line with the current concept of ‘recovery’ in mental health services, the ‘peer-based service’ has gained the importance. The Seoul mental health center started the program of ‘training and support for the recovered from alcoholics’ by which people who recovered from alcohol problems are trained to be case managers. This article aims to introduce the program and report the result of the program to date. Methods : Seoul mental health center recruited people who had been diagnosed with alcohol use disorder and stayed abstinent at least for two years. Those who completed an 152-hour education were dispatched for an internship to local rehabilitation centers for addicts across Seoul. A Job interview was offered to those who had completed the whole training course. Finally, they were entitled to work as specialists for people with alcohol problems. Results : 21 people have completed the course and worked as specialists. The average age is 56 and the average durations of abstinence is 8.8 years. As for an education level, the number of high school graduates is the highest. Among them, 4 have the social worker license. Conclusion : The shift in paradigm in the field of mental health services are now inevitable in Korea. Further studies are needed to show the efficiency of the program.

기후변화와 토양 내 질소가 낙엽성 교목인 은단풍과 낙엽성 관목인 족제비싸리의 생육에 미치는 영향

이승연 ( Seung Yeon Lee ),오한상 ( Han Sang Oh ),이승혁,유영한 ( Young Han You ) 한국환경생태학회 2015 한국환경생태학회 학술대회지 Vol.2015 No.2

본 연구는 기후 변화와 토양 내 질소가 은단풍과 족제비싸리의 생장에 어떻게 영향을 미치는지 알아보는 것에 목적을 두었다. 환경구배는 야외환경인 대조구와 대조구 보다온도를 상승시킨 온도처리구 그리고 CO2 농도와 온도를 상승시킨 기후변화처리구로 나누었다. 각 환경 내에서 질소구배는 은단풍에 질소비료를 0g,2g,20g(N1,N2,N3)처리하였고 족제비싸리는 0g,1g,5g(n1,n2,n3) 처리한 후, 신지(current branch)의 길이와 직경 그리고 잎의 길이와 폭을측정 하였다. 그 결과, 환경에 따른 영향은 은단풍의 경우N1일 때 잎의 길이와 폭이 온도처리구에서 가장 잘 자랐으며, N2일 때는 모든 측정항목이 온도처리구에서 잘 자랐으며, N3일 때는 신지의 직경이 대조구에서 가장 잘 자랐다. 족제비싸리의 경우 환경에 따른 영향을 받지 않았다. 질소에 따른 영향을 확인한 결과 은단풍은 온도처리구와 기후변화 처리구에서 영향을 받지 않았으나 대조구에서 N3의 신지 길이가 가장 잘 자랐으며, 족제비싸리의 경우 질소 농도에 따른 차이 없었다. 결과적으로, 은단풍은 현재 환경보다온도가 상승되거나 토양 내 어느 정도 질소가 있을 경우잘 자랄 것으로 예측되나, 족제비싸리는 기후변화와 토양내 질소에 따른 생육의 차이가 나타나지 않을 것으로 판단된다.