http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
이상오 대한간학회 2012 간학회 싱글토픽 심포지움 Vol.2012 No.2
Improved immunosuppressive therapies for liver transplantation (LT) have reduced the incidence of allograft rejection while increasing susceptibility to opportunistic infections. Every effort for reducing infectious complication should be made to ensure that LT candidates, their household members, and healthcare workers have completed the full complement of recommended vaccinations prior to LT. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is the most common viral pathogen that negatively impacts on the outcome of LT. To negate the adverse effects of CMV on outcome, its prevention, whether through antiviral prophylaxis or preemptive therapy, is regarded as an essential component to the medical management of LT recipients. On the other hand, prophylaxis against invasive candidiasis or aspergillosis is not routinely recommended in all solid organ transplant recipients. Although some data show a low risk of hepatotoxicity due to isoniazid in patients with compensated liver disease awaiting LT, treatment of latent tuberculosis infection in LT candidates or recipients is still controversial. Despite implement of preventive strategies, various opportunistic infections can develop in LT recipients. Early and specific diagnosis of infections is essential to guide treatment and minimize nonessential antibiotics. Invasive diagnostic procedures are often required for accurate and timely diagnosis.
Sprangerer 의 문화인간학적 시각에서 본 성인교육의 가능성
이상오 한국교육학회 1996 敎育學硏究 Vol.35 No.5
성인교육은 한창 자라나는 세대인 청소년을 대상으로 하는 청소년교육이 아니며 이의 단순한 연장도 아니다. 성인기에는 교육과 학습의 가능성이 청소년기와는 다르다. 즉 기억력이나 지능이라는 지적인 발달과 호르몬의 분비가 감소되는 성인나이에 청소년들에게서처럼 교사가 일률적이고 일방적으로 지식을 주입시키고 강제하는 교육방식은 의미가 없다. 따라서 성인교육을 수행해 나가기 위해서는 우선 성인 또는 성인기의 특성과 고유성을 알아내는 일이 중요하다. 성인인간학과 성인심리학의 연구는 성인만의 특성과 고유성을 밝혀내는 데에 근거를 제공할 것이다. 이로써 성인들의 도야가소성이 밝혀지고 아울러 그들 고유의 교육가능성이 이해될 수 있다. 또한 이는 내실 있는 성인의 교육원리 및 교육방법을 알아내는 데에 토대를 마련해 줄 것이다. The objekt of adult education is not the rising generation, the youth, that grows up quickly and steadly. Adult education is not a simple extention of youth education. Because the possibility of the education and learning for the adult generation is different from that of youth education. Namely, the teaching method as an educational device for the youth who lives on the increase of the mental power such memory and intellectual faculties has no meanings and values for the adult who loses gradually with the aging the mental power for the learning. The craming system of education in schooling makes a most use of a increasing retentive faculty and intelligence. Accordingly it is possible only for the growing youth to use that educational method. The educational possibility of the aging generation must be in the other dimension. We should reveal and understand the special character and peculiarity of adult generation to educate the adult with success. It is necessary to study the cultural anthropology of adult. This study can make us a scientific basis for adult-understanding. With this understanding we can recognize what is the possibility of adult education. Furthermore, this gives us a chance of finding the principle and method for adult education.