군 방호시설에 자철석 콘크리트 적용 시 감마선 차폐효과 분석

이상규,이호찬,이건우,한다희,박영준,Lee, Sang-Kyu,Lee, Ho-Chan,Lee, Gun-Woo,Han, Da-Hee,Park, Young-Jun 한국건축시공학회 2020 한국건축시공학회지 Vol.20 No.2

핵 및 방사능전 상황에서 방사선에 의한 인명피해를 줄이기 위한 방안으로서 유개호에 자철석이 포함된 중량 콘크리트의 적용 가능성을 확인해보았다. 이에 본 연구에서는 자철광 콘크리트의 방사선 차폐효과를 분석하기 위하여 감마선원을 사용하여 차폐실험을 진행하였고 실험조건과 동일한 몬테칼로 모델링도 하였다. 그 결과 자철광의 함량이 증가할수록 감마선에 대한 차폐효과가 향상됨을 확인할 수 있었다. 향후 자철광 콘크리트가 군사적 목적의 시설물에 적용될 경우 방사선 차폐 측면에서 효과를 얻을 수 있을 것이라 기대한다. The purpose of this research is to analyze the gamma ray shielding effect of heavy concrete containing magnetic aggregate and to confirm the applicability to the military protective facilities. In general, a military concrete structure protects combatants from bullets, and also it provides some radiation shielding. In this research, experiments were conducted using a Cs-137 source to check the gamma ray shielding effect. In addition, the Monte Carlo N-Particle(MCNP) modeling was applied to evaluate the gamma ray shielding effect of a military structure. As a result, as the concrete thickness increased, the shielding performance improved according th the linear attenuation law. With that, as the ratio of magnetic aggregate was increased, gamma ray shielding performance was also improved. Therefore, this research verified that the application of magnetic aggregate concrete to military facilities for radiation shielding purposes would be useful.

논토양(土壤)의 탈질작용(脫窒作用)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究) -제(第)4보(報) 토양유기물함량(土壤有機物含量), 온도(溫度), pH, 질소비종(窒素肥種) 및 시비량(施肥量)이 탈질작용(脫窒作用)에 미치는 영향(影響)

이상규,김승환,박준규,안상배,Lee, Sang Kyu,Kim, Seung Hwan,Park, Jun Kyu,An, Sang Bae 한국토양비료학회 1987 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.20 No.1

담수상태(湛水狀態)의 논토양중(土壤中) 유기물함량(有機物含量), 온도(溫度), pH 질소비종(窒素肥種) 및 시비량등(施肥量等)을 달리했을때 탈질작용(脫窒作用)과 탈질량(脫窒量)을 알고저 질내(窒內)에서 항온시험(恒溫試驗)한 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1. 담수상태(湛水狀態)의 논토양(土壤)에서 탈질량(脫窒量)에 관계(關係)가 큰 요인(要因)은 토양유기물함량(土壤有機物含量) > 항온온도(恒溫溫度) > pH가(價) > 질소비종(窒素肥種) > 질소시비량(窒素施肥量)의 순(順)으로 컸다. 2. $N_2O$ gas의 생성량(生成量)은 토양유기물함량(土壤有機物含量) 3.0%인 토양(土壤)에서 항온온도(恒溫溫度) $20^{\circ}C$, pH 6.0일때 $KNO_3$ 20mg/100 토양(土壤) 시용구(施用區)에서 가장 많았다. 3. $N_2O$ gas 1 mole 생성(生成)하는데 소모(消耗)되는 탄소(炭素)는 전체평균(全體平均)이 0.5 mole 이였으며 탄소량(炭素量)이 제일(第一) 많이 요구(要求)되는 경우는 토양유기물함량(土壤有機物含量) 1.0%인 토양(土壤)에서 류안(硫安) 10mg/100g 토양(土壤) 시용시(施用時)(1.06 mole)였으며 제일(第一)적은 탄소요구(炭素要求)의 경우는 유기물함량(有機物含量) 3.0%인 토양(土壤)에서 $KNO_3$ 20mg/100g 토양(土壤) 시용시(施用時)(0.13 mole)였다. 4. Michealis-Menten의 효소반응식(酵素反應式)에서 유도(誘導)된 $N_2O$ gas의 V/2가(價)는 유기물(有機物) 1.0% 토양(土壤)에서 $(NH_2)_2CO$ 시용시(施用時) 550, $KNO_3$ 시용시(施用時)는 $1100N_2O{\mu}g/100g$ 토양(土壤)이였고 3.0%인 토양(土壤)에서 $(NH_4)_2SO_4$ 시용시(施用時)는 $490N_2O{\mu}g/100g$ 토양(土壤)이였으며 $KNO_3$ 시용시(施用時)는 시비량(施肥量)이 증가(增加)할수록 V/2가(價)는 계속 증가(增加)되었다. A series of laboratory experiments were carried out to find the effects of soil organic matter contents, soil temperature, pH values, kinds and amount of nitrogen fertilizers on the denitrification-$N_2O$ gas evolution-. The results obtained were summarized as follows: 1. Denitrification rate, amount of $N_2O$ gas evolution, was influenced the order of organic matter contents>soil temperature>pH values>kinds of N-fertilizer>levels of N-fertilizer. 2. The highest dentrification rate was observed in organic matter content of 3.0%, pH values at 6.0 with application of $KNO_3$ at levels of 20 mgN/100g soil. 3. For the evolution of I mole $N_2O$ gas, averaged carbon consumption was obtained as 0.5 mole in all these experiment condition. However, the highest carbon consumption rate was obtained in organic matter contents for 1.0% with application of $(NH_4)_2SO_4$ at levels of 10 mgN/100g soil (1.06 mole) while lowest carbon consumption rate was obtained in organic matter contents for 3.0% with application of $KNO_3$ at levels of 20 mgN/100g soil (0.13 mole). 4. According to Michaelis-Menten's equation, the V/2 values for evolution of $N_2O$ gas was estimated by progress curve. The results obtained was as 550 ug for $(NH_2)_2CO$ and 1100 ug $N_2O/100g$ soil by application of $KNO_3$ in organic matter contents of 1.0% soil. On the other hand, when the application $(NH_4)_2SO_4$ the V/2 values of $N_2O$ gas was obtained as the amount of 490 ug/100g soil while V/2 values of $N_2O$ gas by application of $KNO_3$ was on the linear line in soil organic matter contents of 3.0%.

생물학적(生物學的) 질소고정(窒素固定)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究) -제(第)1보(報) 야생두과식물근류(野生豆科植物根瘤) 질소고정(窒素固定)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究)

이상규,류진창,Lee, Sang Kyu,Ryu, Jin Chang 한국토양비료학회 1978 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.11 No.1

우리나라 산야(山野)에 분포(分布)되어 있는 수종야생두과식물(數種野生豆科埴物)의 질소고정력(窒素固定力)과 건물생산력(乾物生産力)을 알기 위하여 실내(室內) 및 시험(試驗)한 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 1. 야생두과식물(野生豆科埴物)에서 분리(分離)된 균(菌)의 Acetylene 환원력(還元力)(질소고정력(室素固定力))을 조사(調査)한 결과(結果) Rhinchosia Volubilis Lovr.(여우콩)의 근류균(根瘤菌)은 924 n mole, Desmodium Oldhami Oliver(큰도둑놈의 갈쿠리)의 근류균(根瘤菌)은 844 n mole 그리고 Glycine zoja S.et z.의 근류균(根瘤菌)은 271 n mole/test tube/hr로 대두근류균(大豆根瘤菌)의 Rhizobium japonicum 0.6 n mole/test tube/hr 비(比)하여 대단히 높았다. 2. 분리(分離)된 균(菌)의 혈청반응계(血淸反應結果) 공시(供試)된 8종(種)의 균주(菌株) 모두가 Rhizobium japonicum과 상이(相異)한 반응(反應)을 보였다. 3. Glycine soja S.at Z.를 공시(供試)하여 Pot 시험(試驗)한 결과(結果) 4. 각시기별(各時期別) 총균류수(總根瘤數)는 NoPK구(區)보다 종합처리구(綜合處理區)에서 현저(顯著)히 많았으나 유효근류(有效根瘤)의 수(數)의 차(差)는 크지 않았다. 5. 식물체내(植物體內) 질소함량(窒素含量)의 증가(增加)는 건물(乾物)의 증가(增加)를 갖여왔다. 다. 근류개체당(根瘤個體當) 질소고정량(窒素固定量)은 종합처리구(綜合處理區)보다 NoPK구(區)에서 높았다. Laboratory and pot experiment were carried out to find the symbiotic nitrogen fixing activities and the yield of dry matter on the several selected wild soybean plant. 1. Very high acetylene reducing(nitrogen fixing)activities were observed in isolated strains of Rhinchosis volubilies Lour. (924 nmole), Desmodium oldhami Oliver (844 nmole) and Glycine soja s. et z. (271 nmole/test tube/hr) while Rhizobium japonicum was only 0.6 nmole/test tube/hr. 2. On the serological reaction, eight isolated Rhizobium strains were sufficiently different to distinguish from the Rhizobium japonicum. 3. On the pot experiment with Glycine soja s. et z., A. Number of total nodules were higher in NPK+rice straw+Ca+Mo than in NoPK. However, little differences were observed in mumber of effective nodules. B. Yield of dry matter was increased with increasing of nitrogen content in plants. C. Estimated amount of fixed nitrogen in plant by an individual nodule was higher in NoPK than in NPK+rice straw+Ca+Mo.

전라북도(全羅北道) 공무원(公務員)의 체격(體格)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究)

이상규,Lee, Sang-Kyu 대한예방의학회 1976 Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Vol.9 No.1

A study was conducted on 2,210 officials in Jeonbug Province to check out their physical growth, development and nutritional state during the period June 1st 1975 to August 31, 1915. As the results of this study, the following conclusions were reached: 1. Physical measurement a. Body height: The mean body height of male was $166.8{\pm}4.6cm$ and that of female was $156.3{\pm}4.9cm$. The highest value of mean body height was $167.1{\pm}3.9cm$, showing by male of administrative job. The lowest valthe of that was $165.7{\pm}5.2cm$, showing by the male functional job, while the difference of body height was not significant in female. b. Body weight: The mean body weight of male was $61.5{\pm}4.6kg$ and that of female was $51.2{\pm}3.9kg$. The administrative job heavier than functional job of male by type of job, while that of female of functional job heavier than administrative job. c. Chest-girth: The mean chest-girth of male was $90.8{\pm}3.2cm$ and that of female was $83.6{\pm}3.6cm$. 2. Physical growth and developmental state a. The relative body weight was normal in male except the young man under 25 years, while that of female was under the level of standard. b. The relative chest-girth was showed standard values by all age group of officals. c. The Rohrer and Kaup indices were showed standard values except under 19 years officials and 30 to 34 years female officials. 3. Vervaeck index for nutritional status was appeared normal in male but under the values of standard in female.

Associated Nitrogen Fixation in the Rhizosphere of Rice in Saline and Reclaimed Saline Paddy Soil -1. Enumeration of aerobic heterotrophic bacteria associated in histosphere of grasses and rice

이상규,서장선,고재영,Lee, Sang Kyu,Suh, Jang Sun,Ko, Jae Young 한국토양비료학회 1987 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.20 No.1

The aerobic heterotrophic bacteria in the histosphere associated with grasses (Gramineae, Caryphyllaceae, Crucifereae) and rice cultivars in saline and reclaimed saline paddy soils were varied with species and rice cultivars. The fraction of aerobic heterotrophic $N_2$-fixing bacteria to the total aerobic heterotrophic bacteria were averaged to eighteen percent in the histosphere of grasses and rice. Acetylene reducing activity of these bacteria were ranged from 1 to 24 n mole/tube/hr. Most of the bacteria strains were predominated of hydrogen utilizing bacteria. The majority of these bacteria were closed to Pseudomonas, Azospirillum, Klebsiella and Agrobacter.

폐광산의 토양오염영역 및 폐기된 광미의 탐지

이상규,황세호,이태섭,Lee, Sang Kyu,Hwang, Se Ho,Lee, Tai Sup 대한자원환경지질학회 1997 자원환경지질 Vol.30 No.4

This paper presents the geophysical applications to the environmenml problem in an abandoned mine area. We would like to focus our attention on the mapping of the soil contamination and the detection of the buried mine tailings. For mapping the soil contamination. measurements of both in-situ magnetic susceptibility (k) and terrain conductivity were carried out. In-situ magnetic susceptibilities of the contaminated soil due to the acid mine drainage show higher values than those of the uncontaminated area. However. those data do not show the correlation with the degree of the soil contamination observed on the surface. The least-squares fitted formula obtained with the measured insitu magnetic susceptibilities is $k=4.8207{\times}W^{0.6332}$, where W is the $Fe^{+2}$ weight percentage. This weight gives most effect to magnetic susceptibility of the soil. Lateral variations of the soil contamination in the shallow subsurface can be detected by the electrical conductivity distributions from EM induction survey. TDIP (Time Domain Induced Polarization) and EM induction surveys were conducted to detect the buried mine tailings. From the results of TDIP, the spatial zone, which shows high chargeability-low resistivity, is interpreted as the buried mine tailings. Therefore, it is concluded that it is possible to discriminate the spatial zone from the uncontaminated ground.

정신과 자문이 의뢰된 내과 환자들의 추적치료 결정요인

이상규,김도훈,손봉기,Lee, Sang-Kyu,Kim, Do-Hoon,Son, Bong-Ki 한국정신신체의학회 1998 정신신체의학 Vol.6 No.2

This study was performed to identify the significant variables affecting Follow-up after psychiatric consultation in General medical units and the trends of psychiatric consultation at the Hallym University hospital in Chunchon. Subjects of this study were 107 patients from April 1, 1998 to August 31, 1998, who were referred for psychiatric consultation during hospitalization. The results were as follows ; 1) Referral rate of General medical units was 7.5% and ordered Gastroenterology, Cardiology, nephrology, Other part. 2) The rate of total follow-up was 58% and the rate of No-follow-up was 42%. 3) In the cases of referral timing over admission 8th days, the days hospitalized after consultation performed were lengthened, significantly. 4) Common reasons for no follow-up of consultation were 'early- discharge' and 'patient's unwillingness to psychiatric reconsult. 5) Significant variables affecting follow-up were 'treatment recommendation', 'concordance with psychiatric drug recommendation', 'concordance with laboratory recommendation', 'total days hospitalized', 'Days hospitalization after consult was performed' and 'referral reason'.

거짓비늘증후군에서 안압 상승의 위험인자

이상규,백남호,Sang Kyu Lee,Nam Ho Baek 대한안과학회 2009 대한안과학회지 Vol.50 No.1

Purpose: We evaluated the short and long-term changes of intraocular pressure (IOP) and studied its risk factors in pseudoexfoliation (PEX). Methods: A total of 40 eyes that had been newly diagnosed with PEX from January 1, 1995 to December 31, 2007 were included in this study. Age, gender and accompanying systemic disease were recorded. In addition, the age, gender, number of antiglaucoma eye drops, history of cataract operation, and history of systemic disease were evaluated as risk factors for IOP elevation during the follow-up periods. Pre and post cataract operation IOP was checked to evaluate the effect of the cataract operation on IOP. Results: The risk factors for IOP elevation in patients newly diagnosed with PEX were old age and female gender. After treatment, a long follow-up period and number of eyedrops were risk factors for IOP elevation. The cataract operation had a one year IOP control effect, especially in cases where the pre operative IOP was greater than 21 mmHg. Over the long term, however, the IOP control effect of cataract surgery could not be determined. Conclusions: IOP increased as result of increased patient age. Phacoemulsification was a protective factor for IOP elevation and may be a good method for short-term IOP control.

답전(畓田) 윤환시(輪換時) 작부체계(作付體系)와 토양미생물상(土壤微生物相) 변화(變化)와의 관계(關係)

이상규,윤세영,김승환,Lee, Sang-Kyu,Yun, Sei-Young,Kim, Seung-Hwan 한국토양비료학회 1992 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.25 No.1

답전윤환토양(畓田輪換土壤)에서 작부형태(作付形態)를 달리하여 작물을 재배했을 때 토양미생물상(土壤微生物相)의 경시적변화(輕時的變化)와 토양화학성분(土壤化學成分)과의 관계를 조사한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 작물재배 기간 중 미생물상의 변화는 휴한지(休閑地)와 수도 및 대두 연속재배지(連續栽培地)에서 세균과 방선균수는 5월부터 8월까지 현저한 증가를 보였으나 사상균수는 감소되었다. 2. 대두연속재배구에서 Gram 음성균(陰性菌)인 Pseudomonas- 및 Rhzobium속 세균수가 그리고 Gram 양성균(陽性菌)인 Bacillus subtilis의 증가를 보였으며, 휴한지(休閑地)에서는 Agrobacterium속 세균수의 증가를 보였다. 3. 감자 및 배추 연속(連續) 재배구(栽培區)에서 Fusarium-, Rhizoctonia-, Phoma속의 토양(土壤) 병원성(病源性) 사상균(絲狀菌) 수(數)가 증가되었으며, 특히 전(全) 사상균(絲狀菌) 수(數)에 대한 토양(土壤) 병원성(病源性) 사상균(絲狀菌)의 비율이 현저히 증가되었다. 4. 토양(土壤) 미생물(微生物) 분석(分布) 중 세균 및 방선균 수는 토양 양이온 중(Ca+Mg)/K 비율과 정(正)의 상관관계(相關關係)를 그리고 사상균(絲狀菌) 수(數)와의 부(負)의 상관관계(相關關係)를 보였다. A field experiment was conducted to find out the influence of cropping systems under rotation of paddy-upland soil on soil microorganisms with specific reference to cations concentration in the soil. The results obtained was summarized as follows. 1. The number of soil bacteria and actinomycetes increased in fallow, continuous cultivation of rice and soybean while the number of fungi decreased. 2. Gram negative bacteria as Pseudomonas spp. and Rhizobium spp. remarkably incerased with increasing Gram positive bacteria of Bacillus subtilis in continuous cultivatio of soybean. 3. The relative population of soil born plant pathogen such as Fusarium spp. Rhizoctionia spp. and Phoma spp. to the total soil fungi was high in cultivation of potato and Chinese cabbage. The ratio of soil plant pathogen to the total soil fungi was high in cultivation of potato with Chinese cabbage. 4. The number of bacteria and actinomycetes was positively correlated with ratio of Ca+Mg/K in soil while negatively correlated with soil fungi.

논토양(土壤) 질소고정(窒素固定) 미생물(微生物)의 활성(活性)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究)

이상규,이명구,임선욱,Lee, Sang-Kyu,Lee, Myeong-Gu,Lim, Sun-Uk 한국토양비료학회 1977 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.10 No.1

경기도(京畿道) 일도(一圖)의 논토양(土壤) 질소고정미생물(窒素固定微生物)의 종류(種類)와 분포(分布), 그리고 이들 미생물(微生物)에 의(依)한 질소고정능(窒素固定能)을 알기 위(爲)하여 토양통별(土壤統別), 유형별(類型別), 지형별(地形別)로 분류(分類)하여 조사(調査)한 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 1. 논토양(土壤)(유기물(有機物)이 첨가(添加)되었을 때) 타양성(他養性) 질소고정미생물(窒素固定微生物)에 의(依)한 $C_2H_2$-환원력(還元力)은 해안평탄(海岸平坦)>내륙평탄(內陸平坦)>산간지(山間地)의 순(順)으로 높았다. 또한 토양통(土壤統) 간(間)에는 광활(廣活)>만경(萬頃)>석천(石泉)>평택(平澤)>부용(芙溶)>화동통(華東統) 등(等)의 순(順)으로 높았으며 그외(外) 토양통(土壤統) 간(間)에는 비슷한 경향(傾向)을 보였다. 2. 담수(湛水) 40일간(日間) $C_2H_2$-환원법(還元法)에 의(依)하여 환산(換算)된 질소고정력(窒素固定力)을 보면 해안평탄지(海岸平坦地)에서 유래(由來)된 토양(土壤)이 제일 높아 평균(平均) 약(約) 3.2kg/10a이고 내륙평탄지(內陸平坦地) 2.6kg/10a, 그리고 산간지(山間地) 토양(土壤)이 2.0kg/10a이었다. 3. 논토양(土壤) 타양성(他養性) 질소고정균(窒素固定菌)의 종류(種類)와 분포(分布)를 보면 가. 내륙평탄지(內陸平坦地)인 평택통(平澤統)에서 50개(個)의 Azotobacter의 취락(聚落)을 제외(除外)하고는 전(全) 토양(土壤) 공(共)히 Azotobacter와 Beijerinckia는 확인(確認)되지 않았으며 혐기성(嫌氣性) 질소고정균(窒素固定菌)인 Clostridia의 분포(分布)는 인정(認定)되었으나 그 수(數)가 질소(窒素) 공급(供給)에 영향(影響)할 수 있는 범위(範圍)에는 미달(未達)하였다. 나. 그외(外) 무질소배지(無窒素培地)에서 생육(生育)되는 미동정(未同定) 호기(好氣) 및 혐기성(嫌氣性) 질소고정미생물(窒素固定微生物)의 분포(分布)는 대단히 높아 시험지(試驗地) 토양(土壤)의 질소고정(窒素固定)은 이들 미생물(微生物)과 algae에 의(依)해서 주(主)로 일어나는 것으로 생각(生覺)된다. Acetylene-ethylene($C_2H_2-C_2H_4$) assay was carried out to find the heterotrophic nitrogen-fixing activities and distribution of nitrogen fixers in eleven different soil series which are located in Kyeonggi province. Following are the summaries of this study. 1. Acetylene-reducing activities were higher in Gwanghwal, Mangyeong and Buyong series which are derived from fluviomarine deposite than in Yeongsan, Hamchang and Pyeongtack series which are observed from continental alluvial plain. The lowest activities are observed in Yecheon, Hoegog, and Jisan series which are situated in local valley region. 2. Estimated amouts of $N_2$ per annum fixed by $N_2$-fixing heterotrophs were about 3.2kg in fuluvio marine soils, 2.6kg in continental alluvial plain and 2.0kg/10a in local valley region, respectively. 3. Azotobacter and Beijerinckia were not detected in any of the ten different soil series except in Pyeongtaeg series. However, Clostridia, anaerobic nitrogen fixer, was detected in order of ${\times}10^2$. It is assumed that these population are not enough to contribute to the nitrogen supply by the biological fixation in paddy soil. 4. For the assesment of heterotrophic nitrogen fixation in paddy soil, it must be presumed that aerobes, anaerobes and phototrophs which can grow on nitrogen free media may greatly contribute for the asymbiotic netrogen fixation.