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‘V<sub>1</sub>+V<sub>2</sub>’구조의 사동의미 파생 및 어휘적 사동과의 차이
이봉금 한국중국언어학회 2017 중국언어연구 Vol.0 No.73
Linguistic typology is a linguistic simple survey of some languages of the world, a study of which type is classified. In addition, this means extending the universality of the relationship between the various grammatical forms and the meaning of the human language. At present, the Chinese grammar community conducts a variety of studies based on the typological perspective, and has received the vocabulary of the vocabulary and the syntactic action of the dichotomy system. However, in addition to these dichotomy system outside the application of the type of perspective to study other forms of action is very inadequate. The most representative of this is the meaning of the ‘V<sub>1</sub>+V<sub>2</sub>’ structure, because its structure to form a ‘VP’ so many grammatical works in the vocabulary of the action and the syntax of the action look at the discussion. However, in this study, they produce a distinct difference between the structure and the process. For example, the first, ‘VP’ and ‘V<sub>1</sub>+V<sub>2</sub>’ are different in the two structures, and the second, The nature of ‘了’ added after ‘VP’ and ‘V<sub>1</sub>+V<sub>2</sub>’ are different. These two issues are mainly discussed.
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이봉금 중국어문연구회 2012 中國語文論叢 Vol.0 No.53
使役句是現代漢語的一種重要句式,但以往對其內部結構的意味特徵分析缺少關注。全面分析局限于表示‘致使’意義的字句的語義成分及其相互關係,可知,原因和結果是由動詞“使”來聯係的兩個必有成分從配價成分分析,使動詞是一個二價動詞。揭示使字句在語義方面的成句雜件,可以爲該句式的句法分析及語法敎學提供語義根據。本論文以中國語使役句內存在的動詞“使”所構成的論元結構的意義爲根據,給使役動詞再分類,探求使役結構的相互依賴關係爲目的。中國語使役句要强制性的以使役主體和被使役主體爲構成。使役主體發生事件而提供原因,被使役主體接受這影餉而在心理上,精神上發生某種變化,或是不需內部的任何變化,而在外部接受物理能量,通過與別的物體接觸,在物理上或在化學上發生變化。使役主體是輿行爲(agency)有關的施事者擔任其角色而影餉到受事者。受事者以授領的立場적겁參與而受到使役主體所發生的物理能量,或者是受到心理變化的經驗者(experiencer),或者是不可避免地在被動的(passive)立場上接受的受事者擔任其角色。
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현대중국어 사동의 형태적 생산성 분석: V1V2 형식의 사동구조를 중심으로
이봉금 서강대학교 언어정보연구소 2019 언어와 정보 사회 Vol.37 No.-
The meaning of causative construction in Complement of Result is a combination of two lexical Chinese verbs expressing a causative meaning. Generally, most linguists insist that Chinese has two types of causatives—lexical causative and syntactic(or periphrastic) causative. However, they do not agree that Chinese has a morphological causative, because Chinese is an isolated language that has not undergone morphological changes. This research has opposite views to prevailing opinions. Complement of Result construction, which is special causative forms(VP) on Chinese, can be divided into two lexical words, V1 and V2. This combination structure is very similar to lexical causative structure when viewed for the sake of formality. However, when we analyze the situation in detail, we can find that they have radical differences between the structures. Turning now to morphological causatives, the prototypical case has the following two characteristics. First, the causative is related to the non-causative predicate by morphological means, for example, by affixation. A simple example provided by the prototypical morphological causative is that the means of VP(V1+V2) construction has its productivity. In this situation, VP has two types of constructions. One is ‘VP-a’ and the other is ‘VP-b’, and especially the latter has a wide variety of productivity, which is exemplified by ‘咬斷’, ‘打破’, ‘扭傷’, ‘解開’, ‘熬白’ etc. This research provides that although these structures has limitations to causative productivity, they are very close to morphological causatives, and have a broad distinction with lexical causative constructions.
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‘使’자 사역문의 의미 분석 ― ‘致使’의미를 중심으로
이봉금 중국어문연구회 2012 中國語文論叢 Vol.0 No.53
使役句是现代汉语的一種重要句式,但以往对其内部结構的意味特徵分析缺少关注。全面分析局限于表示‘致使’意義的字句的语义成分及其相互關係,可知,原因和结果是由动词“使”來联係的两個必有成分从配價成分分析,使动詞是一個二價动词。揭示使字句在语义方面的成句条件,可以为该句式的句法分析及语法教学提供语义根據。本论文以中国语使役句内存在的動词“使”所構成的论元结構的意义为根據,給使役動词再分类,探求使役结構的相互依赖關係为目的。中国语使役句要强制性的以使役主體和被使役主體为構成。使役主體发生事件而提供原因,被使役主體接受这影响而在心理上,精神上发生某種变化,或是不需内部的任何变化,而在外部接受物理能量,通過與别的物體接触,在物理上或在化学上发生变化。使役主體是輿行为(agency)有关的施事者擔任其角色而影响到受事者。受事者以授领的立场积极参與而受到使役主體所发生的物理能量,或者是受到心理变化的经验者(experiencer),或者是不可避免地在被动的(passive)立场上接受的受事者擔任其角色。
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이봉금 대한중국학회 2022 중국학 Vol.81 No.-
The large number of causative meanings in modern Chinese is conditional on the productivity and vitality of new words, that is, “extensive use”. In this study, the concept of “Causative generalized verbs” is put forward, and the discussion of causative sentence is carried out with the properties similar to causative verb connecting wire. Generally speaking, semantic verb refers to the component that can get rid of the original meaning and show broad and flowing meaning with the expansion of the combining ability of verbs. The structure of Causative generalized verbs is combined with root morphemes to create a large number of derivative words. From this point, we can see that there are many similarities with causative verb affixes. However, it does not fully have grammatical meaning like affixes, nor does it give play to the substantive lexical meaning like roots. To summarize its content simply, it can be understood that verb affixes are generally made virtual, so they are highly dependent on word roots. Only through close combination can they play a meaningful role. While Chinese verb verbs are intermediate elements between word roots and affixes. Relatively speaking, word roots are less dependent, to a certain extent, they are self-supporting elements, so other elements can appear. On the other hand, according to the Chinese result of the combination of “root+root (V1V2)”, which represents the meaning of cause and result, the integration between root words is autonomous, so it can achieve a very broad combination. In terms of the ability of combining root words to form words, it surpasses causative verbs and affixes. 일반적으로 泛义动词란 동사의 결합능력이 확대되면서 본래의미에서 벗어나 넓고 유동적인 의미를 나타낼 수 있는 성분을 말한다. 본 연구는 소위 V2와의 결합을 통해 본 의미로부터 다소 허화하여 사동 의미를 나타낼 수 있는 ‘弄’, ‘搞’ 2개의 V1에 대해 사동 범의동사(使動泛義動詞)로 정의하고 연구를 진행한다. ‘사동 범의동사구조’의 각종 양상들은 어근형태소와 결합하여 대량의 파생어를 만들어 낸다는 점에 있어서 사동 접사와 비슷한 부분이 많음을 파악할 수 있다. 그렇지만 사동 접사처럼 완전히 문법적 의미만을 갖는 것도 아니고, 그렇다고 어근처럼 실질적 어휘의미를 발휘하는 것도 아님에 착안할 때 중국어에도 수많은 어휘를 파생하는 사동파생법이 존재한다는 사실을 확인할 수 있다. 이를 위해 문법화 기제에 의한 범의동사의 범화과정을 살피고, 이 둘의 구분이 어떤 특징에서 기인하는지 형식적, 문법적, 의미적으로 나누어 중점적 문제들을 다루어 본다.
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‘VP’/‘V1V2’+(‘了’) 사동구조의 경계성 분석
이봉금(Lee, Pong-Keum) 대한중국학회 2019 중국학 Vol.67 No.-
경계성(界性)이란 인류가 객관세계 사물의 경계(Boundary)를 인식하는 한 방식으로 유경계성(有界, boundary)과 무경계성(無界,unboundary)으로 분리된다. 인지적 경험에 근거하여 사물에 대한 ‘경계 설정’이 가능하면 그 사물은 유경계성을 띠고, 이 ‘경계 설정’이 불가능하다면 그 사물은 무경계성을 띤다. 인지언어학자들은 경계성 이론을 언어현상에 응용하여 설명 하기 시작하였는데 본 연구는 이러한 언어현상의 경계성 이론에 입각하여 중국어 사동문법의 인지적 분석에 응용해 보았다. 특별히 현재 상용되고 있는 다양한 중국어 사동형태 가운데 그 형식상 동일한 유형의 사동구조로 취급되고 있는 ‘NP1+VP+NP2’ 구조와 ‘NP1+VP(‘V1V2’) +NP2’ 즉, 결과보어 사동구조에 착안하여 구조상 존재하는 문법적 차이를 근거로 ‘VP’와 ‘V1V2’가 술어로서 한정짓게 되는 경계성의 차이를 탐구하였다. 아울러 NP2와 了의 수반으로 인해 경계화 짓는 특성 및 자질이 어떻게 나타나는지 인지적 분석으로 접근하였다. ‘Boundedness’ is a way for human beings to recognize objective things in the world. The boundary is divided into two kinds of opposites: bounded and unbounded. For example, objective things have the opposite of bounded and unbounded in space, and actions also have the opposite of bounded and unbound in the timeline. This parallel opposition in the world is also clearly reflected in the grammatical structure of the language used by human beings. So far, in the perspective of cognitive linguistics, modern Chinese has applied the contradiction of boundaries. For example, there are many grammatical and lexical theories that are analyzed and interpreted in terms of cognitive linguistics, and research results in various fields, including nouns, verbs, and adjectives, are also proposed in the form unit. However, there are few professional studies on the opposite aspects of the typological form of the verb. This study, based on the formation of typical lexical impetus and the result complement grammatical differences in the dynamic structure, explores the boundary differences between VP and V1+V2 as predicates. In addition, it is characterized by its subsequent NP2 and 了 . This will broaden the horizons of modern Chinese studies and help readers understand the phenomenon of modern Chinese.
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