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李萬成 제주대학교 1984 논문집 Vol.22 No.2
We try to find a method for knowledge on certain things. Our study is related to the problem of this methodology for information about objects. The main problem of this paper is that we confirm the theoretical limitation and available boundary in deduction and induction as a fundamental method for the purpose of learning. The main results of this study are as follows: 1. A syllogism which is represented as a general model in formal logic is constituted by two assumptions, that is, if premise is true, then true conclusion should be deducted. On this point, we can also ask the reason why this proposition is true. This process of infinite regress will be continued. Therefore, we can see that the theorems of deduction is finally based on a mutual association. 2. In case of using the deductive method, first of all, we have some difficult problems of meaning in reducing ordinary language into logical proposition. Second, there is no way to confirm the degree of quantity of an I and O proposition. Third, in the case of using symbolic logic, there is no way to show the relation of Before and After in tense. 3. There are many systems of induction which are used as methods of studying for empirical science or philosophy. But the main point of this paper is related to confirming induction which is based on the uniformity of nature by John Stuart Mill. In order to study this matter, the basic concept of logical probability is partially added to this paper However, this concept of probability is also based on practical experience in ordinary life. Therefore, so far as what experience is cannot be solved, the discussion about logical validity of induction will be seriously continued. 4. My information from current philosophers is that they have divided induction into two parts, namely, inductive inference and the inductive method. This clarification is quite useful to solve several problems in constructing this paper. As we follow this clarification, we try to confirm the boundary of the inductive method in another field, through examining the principle of uniformity. However, we finally confirm that in explaining human action or social phenomenon, this principle could be applied in a restricted sense only.