방사선수술을 위한 노발리스 품질관리 프로토콜 개발

이동준,이경남,이석,이상훈,김대홍,Lee, Dong-Joon,Lee, Kyung-Nam,Lee, Suk,Lee, Sang-Hoon,Kim, Dae-Hong 한국의학물리학회 2010 의학물리 Vol.21 No.1

국내에서 방사선치료를 위한 선형가속기 품질관리 프로토콜은 많이 개발되어 왔지만 선형가속기를 기반으로 하는 방사선수술장비의 품질관리 프로토콜 개발은 현재까지 거의 이루어져 있지 않고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 선형가속기 기반 일체형 방사선수술장비인 노발리스의 정확도 및 정밀도를 유지하기 위하여 일간, 주간, 월간, 연간에 주기적으로 시행하여야 하는 노발리스 품질관리 프로토콜을 개발 하고 품질관리 상태의 종합적 확인을 할 수 있는 해부학적 팬텀을 제작하였다. 이를 위하여 국내외의 선형가속기를 이용하는 방사선수술 품질관리 프로토콜의 수집 및 분석을 통해 필수적인 품질관리항목과 각 항목의 허용치를 정하였다. 노발리스 품질관리 항목은 기계적 정확도 부분과 방사선 전달 부분의 2가지로 분리하고 기계적 정확도 부분은 방사선발생 장치부, 보조장치부, 그리고 미세다엽 시준기부의 3가지 부분으로 방사선 전달부분은 치료 중심점 평가와 선량학적 평가의 2가지 부분으로 나누어 작성하였다. 최종적으로 노발리스 품질관리 유지를 위하여 시행하여야 하는 일간, 주간, 월간, 연간의 노발리스 품질관리 항목 표를 완성하였다. 완성된 노발리스 품질관리항목 표는 노발리스가 방사선수술에 적합한 정확도 및 정밀도를 유지하는데 필요한 지표로서 기여 할 수 있을 것이라 생각된다. In Republic of Korea, there are many Quality Assurance protocol for general radiation treatment machine such as linac. However, Quality Assurance protocol for radiosurgery treatment system is not ready perfectly. One of the radiation treatment machine for radiosurgery, novalis system needs to suitable Quality Assurance protocol for using it right way during radiation treatment and maintaining suitable accuracy for daily, weekly, monthly and annually periods. Therefore, in this article, we develop Quality Assurance protocol for novalis system. We collected and analysed domestic and foreign novalis Quality Assurance protocol. After that, we selected essential QA items and each tolerance range for developing proper QA protocol, and we made anatomical phantom for execution of selected QA items and evaluation of overall state of QA, and then, we use this measured value as a reference. Quality Assurance items are consisted of Mechanical accuracy QA part and Radiation delivery QA part. Mechanical accuracy QA part is comprised of radiation generation machine part, assistive devices part and multi-leaf collimator part. Radiation delivery QA part is divided into radiation isocenter accuracy and dosimetric evaluation. After that, developed novalis QA tables are made by using these QA items. These novalis QA tables would be used to good standard in order to maintain apt accuracy for radiosurgery in daily, weekly, monthly and annually periods.

Space holder 방법으로 제조된 다공질 타이타늄의 기계적 성질에 대한 Computed-Tomography를 이용한 유한요소해석

이동준,안동현,이병갑,정지원,오상호,이종수,김형섭,Lee, Dong Jun,Ahn, Dong-Hyun,Lee, Byounggab,Jeong, Jiwon,Oh, Sang Ho,Lee, Chong Soo,Kim, Hyoung Seop 한국분말야금학회 2013 한국분말재료학회지 (KPMI) Vol.20 No.5

In this study, porous titanium samples were manufactured by space holder methods using two kinds of urea and sodium chloride space holders. Three-dimensional pore structures were obtained by a computed-tomography (CT) technique and utilized for finite element analysis in order to investigate the mechanical properties. The CT-based finite element analyses were in better agreement with the experimental results than unit cell model-based analyses. Both the experimental and CT-based results showed the same tendency that the elastic modulus decreased with increasing the porosities. The total porosity of the bulk body plays a key role in determining the elastic modulus of porous materials.

유한요소해석을 이용한 고압비틀림 공정 중의 구리 분말의 치밀화 및 고형화 거동 분석

이동준,윤은유,Lee, Dong Jun,Yoon, Eun Yoo 한국분말야금학회 2015 한국분말재료학회지 (KPMI) Vol.22 No.1

In this study, the behavior of densification of copper powders during high-pressure torsion (HPT) at room temperature is investigated using the finite element method. The simulation results show that the center of the workpiece is the first to reach the true density of copper during the compressive stage because the pressure is higher at the center than the periphery. Subsequently, whole workpiece reaches true density after compression due to the high pressure. In addition, the effective strain is increased along the radius during torsional stage. After one rotation, the periphery shows that the effective strain is increased up to 25, which is extensive deformation. These high pressure and severe strain do not only play a key role in consolidation of copper powders but also make the matrix harder by grain refinement.

Immersion gold층의 결함 메카니즘 연구

이동준,최진원,조승현,Lee, Dong-Jun,Choi, Jin-Won,Cho, Seung-Hyun 한국마이크로전자및패키징학회 2008 마이크로전자 및 패키징학회지 Vol.15 No.3

ENIG 층의 결함구조를 이해하고자 immersion gold 층의 결함을 TEM 분석을 이용하여 분석하였다. 세가지 다른 종류의 금도금액을 통하여 immersion gold 층을 얻은 후 습식적으로 TEM 시편을 만들어 이를 비교하였다 이를 통해 immersion gold 도금액의 종류에 의하여 도금막의 결함구조는 크게 영향을 받음을 확인할 수 있었다. 즉, 시안형 치환형 금도금 액을 이용하여 얻은 immersion 금도금 층인 경우에는 결정계면을 따라서 결함들이 집중적으로 존재함을 관찰할 수 있었다. 반면 유기환원제를 도금액에 첨가한 시안형 부분환원형 금도금 액을 이용하여 얻은 immersion금도금 층인 경우에는 grain boundary를 따라 존재하는 공극은 사라졌지만 $5\sim20nm$ 크기의 구형의 공극이 결정계면, 결정내를 상관하지 않고 존재하고 있음을 확인할수 있었다. 이에 비하여 아황산형 치환형 금도금 액을사용하여 얻어진 금도금 층에서는 이러한 결함들이 거의 사라지는 것을 관찰할 수 있었다. Investigation on immersion gold layers was carried out using TEM analysis for the purpose of understanding the defect of immersion gold layer. The immersion gold layers prepared with three different types of baths were observed. The results showed that the defect structure of immersion gold layer is strongly dependent on the types of gold baths. Spherical defects of average 10 nm size were located along the grain boundaries for the specimen formed at KAu$(CN)_2$ bath containing no reducing agent. In the case of the specimen processed at KAu$(CN)_2$ bath containing a reducing agent, the spherical defects of 5-10 nm size were distributed randomly in grains as well as at grain boundaries. However, such defects disappeared almost completely when $Na_{3}Au(SO_3)_2$ bath was used to fabricate an immersion gold.

하행흉부대동맥류(下行胸部大動脈瘤) 치험(治驗) 1례(例)

이동준,김상형,Lee, Dong June,Kim, Sang Hyung 대한흉부심장혈관외과학회 1976 Journal of Chest Surgery (J Chest Surg) Vol.9 No.1

Aneurysm of the Aorta is a grave disease mostly producing disabling symptoms and ultimate death by rupture and hemorrhage without surgical intervention. The author recently experienced one case of surgical correction of descending thoracic aortic aneurysm treated with excision of the aneurysm and replacement of Dacron artificial vessel under temporary external by pass technique in November, 10th, 1975. 9mm internal diameter arterial cannula was inserted into upper and below the aneurysm. Bypass time was about 1 hour. The case was 35 years old women who had small egg sized saccular aneurysm in the upper third of the descending thoracic aorta involving the 1t. subclavian artery. Histopathological diagnosis was arteriosclerotic. Immediate postoperative course had been uneventful except low pressure and pulse of the left arm. The follow-up was possible up to date about 3 months. The patient has been doing well with ordinary activities except mild left chest discomfort.

솔더 조인트 신뢰성 향상을 위한 무전해 니켈-도금의 표면형상 제어

이동준,최진원,조승현,Lee, Dong-Jun,Choi, Jin-Won,Cho, Seung-Hyun 한국마이크로전자및패키징학회 2008 마이크로전자 및 패키징학회지 Vol.15 No.3

With increasing use of portable appliances such as PDA and cellular phone, changing environment of applications requires higher solder joint reliability. The ENIG (Electroless Nickel Immersion Gold) process has been widely used for fine pitch SMT (Surface Mount Technology) and BGA (Ball Grid Array) packaged devices due to its benefits including excellent solderability, high uniformity and substantial legibility throughout the packaging process. Its brittle fracture of solder, however, has received increasingly attentions. It was Down that fracture brittleness is mainly related with black pad resulting from galvanic nickel corrosion and P-enriched layer formation between the IMC (Intermetallic Compounds) and electroless nickel layer. Theoretically, smooth electroless Ni layer was blown to have a advantages in minimizing the black pad phenomenon by uniform solution exchange during immersion gold plating. Nevertheless, how to control the surface morphology of electroless Ni layer has been hardly blown. This study investigates an effect of surface morphology of Cu underlayer on surface morphology of electroless Ni layer. To obtain various kinds of surface morphology of Cu layer, two types of Cu etching chemical and a number of Cu etching treatment were applied. PDA, 핸드폰과 같은 포터블 제품의 사용이 급증함에 따른 전자 제품의 사용 환경의 변화는 제품의 솔더 조인트 신뢰성을 더욱 필요로 하게 되었다. 무전해 니켈/금 도금 표면 처리는 솔더링 특성이 우수하고, 표면처리 두께가 균일하며 패키징 공정에서 사용되는 광학설비에서 인식이 잘되기 때문에 미세피치 SMT 디바이스와 BGA 기판에 폭넓게 사용되고 있다. 그러나 무전해 니켈/금 도금 표면과 솔더 계면에서 발생되는 취성 파괴가 문제점으로 지적되고 있다. 솔더의 취성 파괴는 솔더링시 금속간 화합물과 무전해 니켈층 사이에 형성된 P-rich 영역의 갈바닉 니켈 부식에 의한 black pad 현상에 기인한다. 이론적으로 평탄한 무전해 Ni표면은 무전해 금도금 과정 중 도금액의 균일하게 순환되기 때문에 black pad 발생을 억제하는 장점을 가지고 있다. 그러나 이러한 장점에도 불구하고 무전해 Ni층의 표면형상을 어떻게 제어 할지에 대한 연구는 충분히 이루어 지지 않고 있다. 본 연구에서는 Cu 하지층의 표면 형상이 무전해 Ni층의 표면 형상에 미치는 영향에 대하여 분석하였다. 이를 위해 Cu 에칭액과 Cu에칭 처리 횟수를 변화시켜 Cu 하지층의 표면 형상을 다양하게 변화시켰다.

삼정환(三精丸)의 Peroxynitrite 제거 효과

이동준,정지천,Lee, Dong-Joon,Jeong, Ji-Cheon 대한한방내과학회 2006 大韓韓方內科學會誌 Vol.27 No.1

Objectives : Peroxynitrite $(ONOO^-),\;{\cdot}O_2^-$ and nitric oxide (NO) are cytotoxic species that can oxidize several cellular components such as proteins, lipids and DNA. It has been implicated in the aging process and age-related disease such as Alzheimer's disease, rheumatoid arthritis, cancer and atherosclerosis. The aim of this study was to investigate $ONOO^-$ scavengactivities, and that of its precursors, NO and ${\cdot}O_2^-$ of Samjunghwan. Methods : To investigate $ONOO^-,\;NO,\;{\cdot}O_2^-$ scavenging activities, fluorescent probes, namely 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFDA), 4,5-diaminofluorescein (DAF-2) and dihydrorhodamine 123 (DHR 123) were used. Results : Samjunghwan markedly scavenged authentic $ONOO^-,\;{\cdot}O_2^-$ and NO. It also inhibited $ONOO^-$ induced by .02' and NO which are derived from SIN-I. Furthermore, Samjunghwan inhibited $ONOO^-$, ${\cdot}O_2^-$ and NO generation in LPS-treated ICR mouse kidney postmitochondria. Conclusions : These results suggest that Samjunghwan is an effective $ONOO^-,\;{\cdot}O_2^-$ and NO scavenger, and that this substance has a potential role as an inhibitor of aging process, and in therapy against age-related diseases.

도로공사에서 토공장비 최적 이동을 위한 가설도로 위치선정 요소

이동준,김성근,Lee, Dong-Jun,Kim, Sung-Keun 한국건설관리학회 2022 한국건설관리학회 논문집 Vol.23 No.2

Construction industry is facing difficult challenges in terms of productivity, manpower, and industrial accidents. Currently, along with the 4th Industrial Revolution, various high-tech technologies are emerging, and efforts are being made to solve the problem by applying the technologies related to the 4th Industrial Revolution to the construction industry. As part of these efforts, research is being conducted to develop a construction equipment control system to increase productivity and safety at earthworks sites where many and various types of construction equipment are involved, and the system needs a function to increase productivity by optimizing the moving path of construction equipment. In the case of trucks, the location of the temporary road must be optimized in order to optimize the path of movement in the construction site. However, only matters related to the quality standard of temporary roads have been suggested so far, and there is no standardized process for efficiently determining the location of temporary roads. In this paper, the factors and its importance related to the location of the temporary road were identified through field surveys and interviews with experts, and a method for determining the location of the temporary road was presented. It was confirmed that the suggested method through a case study could improve the productivity of earthwork.

수분사법으로 제조된 순철분말의 성형성에 미치는 분말크기의 영향

이동준,윤은유,김하늘,강희수,이언식,김형섭,Lee, Dong-Jun,Yoon, Eun-Yoo,Kim, Ha-Neul,Kang, Hee-Soo,Lee, Eon-Sik,Kim, Hyoung-Seop 한국분말야금학회 2011 한국분말재료학회지 (KPMI) Vol.18 No.3

In the current study, the effects of particle size on compaction behavior of water-atomized pure iron powders are investigated. The iron powders are assorted into three groups depending on the particle size; 20-45 ${\mu}M$, 75-106 ${\mu}M$, and 150-180 ${\mu}M$ for the compaction experiments. The powder compaction procedures are processed with pressure of 200, 400, 600, and 800 MPa in a cylindrical die. After the compaction stage, the group having 150-180 ${\mu}M$ of particle size distribution shows the best densification behavior and reaches the highest green density. The reason for these results can be explained by the largest average grain size in the largest particle group, due to the low plastic deformation resistance in large grain sized materials.

Effect of Scutellaria Baicalensis Georgi Extract on Oxidant-Induced Apoptosis in Renal Epithelial Cells

이동준,윤철호,Lee, Dong-Joon,Yoon, Cheol-Ho The Society of Internal Korean Medicine 2004 大韓韓方內科學會誌 Vol.25 No.4

목적 : 黃芩(황금)과 黃芩(황금)의 주요 flavonoid 성분인 baicalein이 신장세뇨관 상피세포에서 산화제에 의한 apoptosis에 미치는 효과를 살펴보고자 한다. 방법 : 신장세뇨관 상피세포주인 opossum kidney (OK) 세포를 유기산화제인 t-butylhydroperoxide (tBHP)에 노출시켜 apoptosis를 일으킨 후 관련된 변화를 관찰하였다. 결과 : tBHP는 농도에 의존하여 apoptosis를 유발시켰는데, 이러한 효과는 黃芩(황금)과 baicalein에 의해 농도 의존적으로 방지 되었다. tBHP에 의한 OK 세포사는 항산화제인 Trolox와 N-acetylcysteine에 의해 방지 되었다. tBHP는 mitogen-activated protein kinase의 subfamily인 extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)를 활성화시켰다. ERK 억제제인 PD98059와 U0126은 tBHP에 의한 세포 사망을 방지하였다. tBHP에 의한 ERK 활성화는 U0126에 의해 억제되었으나 黃芩(황금)과 baicalein에 의해서는 영향을 받지 않았다. 철착염제인 deferoxamine은 tBHP에 의한 세포 사망과 ERK 활성화를 방지하였다. tBHP에 의한 세포 사망은 casopase 억제제인 BOD-U-FMK와 zDEVD-FMK에 의해 방지되었다. 결론 : 黃芩(황금)은 산화제에 의한 세포 사망을 방지하는데, 이는 kinase 억제, 항산화제 역할 및 철착염제의 작용에 기인하지 않았다. 黃芩(황금)의 이러한 효과는 산화제에 의관 신부전 예방 및 치료제로 개발하는데 이용될 수 있는 가능성을 보였다.