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이대규,최우진,김동윤,이철희,정천기,김현집,Lee, Dae Kyu,Choe, Woo Jin,Kim, Dong Yoon,Lee, Chul Hee,Chung, Chun Kee,Kim, Hyun Jib 대한신경외과학회 2001 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.30 No.11
Objectives : The authors present a retrospective analysis of 14 patients treated for spinal cord hemangioblastoma (SCH) between Dec. 1986 and Mar. 2000. This study was conducted to evaluate and compare the difference of the functional outcomes associated with the extent of surgical removal of SCH. Methods : Eleven patients were male and three patients were female. Their mean age was 37.2 years that ranged from 19 to 62 years. Preoperative magnetic resonance(MR) imaging of the spine was performed in all cases, and preoperative angiography in eleven cases. They were followed from 15 months to 161 months(median follow-up period, 47 months), and we investigated the change of neurological symptoms and functional outcomes with radiological features, especially on MR imaging. Results : Six patients were accompanied by von Hippel-Lindau disease, and three of them had multiple CNS tumors. Thirteen patients had intramedullary tumor, and the remaining one had extradural. Syringomyelia around the tumor was observed in ten cases. All patients underwent surgical removal, and gross total removal(GTR) was achieved in ten cases. Preoperative embolization was performed in four cases. In four patients who were treated with preoperative embolization, intraoperative loss of blood was minimal and GTR was possible. One patient developed a transient swallowing difficulty postoperatively without permanent postoperative neurological deficits. In three of four patients in whom GTR was not possible, their functional outcomes were worsened postoperatively. The functional status at discharge was improved in seven patients, stationary in four patients, and worse in three. At the last follow-up(15-161 months), one of four patients who had been stationary at discharge showed improvement but, the rest did not show any change. All patients who showed neurological improvement were patients with GTR, and the patients with GTR had significant better outcome than those without GTR(p=0.015). Conclusion : Surgical treatment, and especially, GTR is considered as treatment of choice for spinal cord hemangioblastoma. Preoperative embolization may prevent intraoperative bleeding and improve surgical outcome.
이대규 부산대학교 사범대학 1988 교사교육연구 Vol.16 No.-
In teaching reading in the secondary school level the most important objective is to develop students' ability to analyses, interprete, and the evaluate expository and argumentative proses which are logically organized. Rhetoric provides with the concepts and principles necessary to analyse, interprete, and evaluate the formal mentioned just above. Therefore the contents of teaching reading as one of important secondary school subjects should rhetorical concepts and principles. The knowledges of rhetorical concepts and principles and its application to reading is basic objectives which are necessary for the major objective. The discussion of developing the major reading ability will begin with clarifying the characteristics and structure of formal essays. The discussion also includes specifying subordinate objectives prerequisite to the major objective. For the purposes an effort to clarify the characteristics and organization of formal essays were made. And an attempt to establish major and subordinate objectives of teaching reading were tried. Methods of teaching reading also were considered as follow: 1.Identifying the topics of the given passages and making the sentences short. 2.Analysing, interpreting, and evaluating paragraphs. (1)Identifying the topics, topic sentences, and main ideas of paragraphs. (2)Making the outlines or summaries of paragraphs. (3)Identifying the relationships between main ideas and their subordinate ideas such as details, examples, or evidences. (4)Evaluating the unity and coherence of paragraphs. 3.Analysing, interpreting, and evaluating the whole essays. (1)Making outlines or summaries of the whole essays. (2)Identifying the relationships between the main ideas of the developmental or end of an essay. (3)Evaluating the unity and coherence of the whole essay.