Fast and Accurate Visual Place Recognition Using Street-View Images

이근동,이승재,정원조,김기태 한국전자통신연구원 2017 ETRI Journal Vol.39 No.1

A fast and accurate building-level visual place recognition method built on an image-retrieval scheme using street-view images is proposed. Reference images generated from street-view images usually depict multiple buildings and confusing regions, such as roads, sky, and vehicles, which degrades retrieval accuracy and causes matching ambiguity. The proposed practical database refinement method uses informative reference image and keypoint selection. For database refinement, the method uses a spatial layout of the buildings in the reference image, specifically a building-identification mask image, which is obtained from a prebuilt three-dimensional model of the site. A global-positioning-system-aware retrieval structure is incorporated in it. To evaluate the method, we constructed a dataset over an area of 0.26 km2. It was comprised of 38,700 reference images and corresponding building-identification mask images. The proposed method removed 25% of the database images using informative reference image selection. It achieved 85.6% recall of the top five candidates in 1.25 s of full processing. The method thus achieved high accuracy at a low computational complexity.

심장 점액종의 임상적 고찰

이근동,이재원,정재승,정성호,제형곤,주석중,정철현,송현 대한흉부외과학회 2008 Journal of Chest Surgery (J Chest Surg) Vol.41 No.6

Background: Diagnosis and treatment are often successful in the setting of cardiac myxomas. However, cardiac myxomas can lead to catastrophic complications, due to intracardiac obstruction and embolism preoperatively, and can recur postoperatively. Material and Method: We retrospectively reviewed the clinical characteristics, surgical treatment, and recurrence data of 85 patients who underwent cardiac myxoma surgery at Asan Medical Center between November 1994 and June 2007. We analyzed the morphologic characteristics of 58 patients with left atrial myxomas and determined the development of functional mitral valve stenosis and systemic embolism through reviewing the results of preoperative echocardiograms to find potential preoperative risk factors. Result: Twenty-seven (31.8%) patients were men, and 58 (68.2%) were women. The mean patient age was 54.5±14.3 years. Preoperative symptoms included obstructive symptoms in 41 (48.2%) patients, signs of embolism in 19 (22.4%), constitutional symptoms in 8 (9.4%), and no symptoms in 19 (20.0%). Among the 58 patients with left atrial myxomas, the mean maximal tumor diameter was 4.3±1.8 (range 1.1∼8 cm) cm. Twenty-six (44.8%) patients had a prolapsing type, defined as a tumor mobile enough to move down to the mitral annular plane during diastole, and 32 (55.2%) had villous type, defined as a tumor consisting of multiple fine villous extensions on the surface. Twelve (20.7%) patients had severe functional mitral valve stenosis, and 15 (25.9%) had systemic embolism preoperatively. The incidence of severe functional mitral valve stenosis was significantly higher in patients with the prolapsing type than in those with the non-prolapsing type (p=0.001). The mean maximal tumor diameter in patients with severe functional mitral valve stenosis was 5.1±1.0 cm, significantly larger than that seen in patients without severe functional mitral valve stenosis (p=0.041). The incidence of systemic embolism was significantly higher in patients with the villous type than in those with the smooth type (p=0.006). Postoperative complications were noted in 6 (7.1%) patients, and early mortality was noted in 1 (1.2%). The mean postoperative follow-up duration was 36.2±37.5 months, with recurrence reported in 2 (2.4%) patients during the follow-up period. The disease free interval were 48, 12 months, respectively. Conclusion: Surgical treatment for cardiac myxomas was performed safely, and long-term prognosis was good. In patients with left atrial myxoma, close attention should be maintained and surgery should be performed promptly in those of prolapsing type, those with large maximal diameter in order to prevent severe functional mitral valve stenosis, and those of villous type in order to prevent systemic embolism. Echocardiography should be followed serially in order to detect recurrence.

소상혈(少商穴), 은백혈(隱白穴)에 대한 문헌적(文獻的) 고찰(考察)

이근동,성낙기,Lee, Geun-Dong,Seong, Nak-Gi 대전대학교 한의학연구소 1998 혜화의학회지 Vol.6 No.2

좌측 전폐절제술을 받았던 환자에서 시행한 승모 판막 치환술

이근동,정철현,정재승,이재훈,정성호 대한흉부외과학회 2008 Journal of Chest Surgery (J Chest Surg) Vol.41 No.6

Cardiac surgery in patients with a prior pneumonectomy has a high prevalence of postoperative complications and mortality. We have successfully performed a mitral valve replacement and tricuspid annuloplasty in a 71-year-old man who had a left pneumonectomy 33 years previously due to pulmonary tuberculosis. We report this case with a literature review on the issue of the prevention perioperative pulmonary impairment, the technique of mitral valve exposure during surgery and postoperative rhythm disturbance.

서산 지역에서의 중풍에 대한 임상적 고찰

이근동,서종은,한성수,Lee, Geun-Dong,Seo, Jong-Eun,Han, Sung-Soo 대한한방내과학회 2000 大韓韓方內科學會誌 Vol.21 No.5

Objective : The purpose of this study is about stroke patients in Seosan. Method : The subjects of this study were 45 patients who were admitted to Hanseo University Oriental Hospital because of stroke. Each patients was diagnosed with Brain CT, sasang constitutional analysis. Results : 1. The rates in CVA was 58% on cerebral infarction, and 42% on cerebral hemorrhage. 2. The sites of cerebral infarction were Basal ganglia, MCA, Internal. External capsule. Thalamus, ect. Sites of cerebral hemorrhage were Thalamus, Basal ganglia, Cerebellum. 3. The ratio of left and right hemiplegia in cerebral infarction was 1:1.6, and in cerebral hemorrhage it was 1:2. 4. The most chief complaints in cerebral infarction, were hemiplegia, dysarthria, facial palsy, headache. In cerebral hemorrhage, their were hemiplegia, dysarthria, headache, dizziness, and facial palsy. 5. Classification of human corporal constitution in cerebral hemorrhage, the most was Taeumin, Soyangin, Soeumin. And in cerebral infarction, the most was Soyangin, Taeumin, Soyumin. 6. The ratio between male and female was 1.25:2 in cerebral hemorrhage, 2.5:5 in cerebral infarction. 7. The most prevalent age groups in cerebral hemorrhage was fifties to sixties. and in cerebral infarction was fifties to sixties. 8. The most common preceding disease in cerebral hemorrhage was HTN, DM. 9. The recurrence rate of cerebral hemorrhage was 16%, and cerebral infarction was 8%. 10. The ratio of recovery in cerebral hemorrhage was 84%, in cerebral infarction 58%. Conclusion : From this study, in cerebral hemorrhage most patients were Taeumin, in their fifties to sixties. And in cerebral infarction most patients were Soyangin, in their sixties to eighties. In both stroke patients, there were more female than male patients.

少商穴, 隱百穴에 대한 文獻的 考察

李根東,成樂箕 대전대학교 韓醫學연구소 1998 한의학연구소 논문집 Vol.6 No.2

우파니샤드의 자아탐구와 명상 -『금강경』, 『노자』, 『장자』등을 통한 우파니샤드의 비교적 해석을 위한 시론

임근동(林根同) 원광대학교 원불교사상연구원 2019 원불교사상과 종교문화 Vol.81 No.-

샹까라가 주석한 열한 개의 우파니샤드에 의하면 절대자는 ‘지고의 자재자’로서 모든 것의 ‘지고의 자아’이며, ‘지고의 자아’가 모든 중생들의 ‘개별적인 자아’가 되어 모든 것을 다스린다. 바로 이러한 지고의 자재자가 다름 아닌 나의 본질, 즉, 나의 개별적인 자아이다. 이러한 자아는 이 세상 그 모든 것에 깃들어 있다. 이처럼 우파니샤드는 나의 본질은 우주의 본질이며, 내가 바로 지고의 존재라는 것을, 그리고 지고의 존재는 이 세상 모든 것에 있다고 말한다. 우파니샤드에서는 지고의 자아를 다른 말로 브라흐만이라고도 한다. 너와 나, 그 모든 것이 하나라는 우파니샤드의 신비의 핵심은 지고의 자아, 즉, 브라흐만을 아는 것이다. 브라흐만은 바로 그것을 좋아하는 마음을 통해서 얻어질 수 있다. 마음의 작용인 명상을 통해 브라흐만을 알고 있는 사람은 그릇된 앎인 무명이 만들어낸 죽음을 벗어나 현재 살아있는 이 상태에서 불사의 존재가 된다. 명상은 세상에 대한 욕망을 벗어나 마음을 오로지 ‘지고의 자아’에 연결하는 것이다. 이러한 명상을 통해서 ‘빛의 본모습’인 자아의 본질로 ‘브라흐만의 본질’을 보게 된다. 즉, 자아로써 ‘지고의 아’를 알게 된다. According to the eleven Upaniṣads commented upon by Śaṁkara, the absolute being, as God Almighty, is the ‘paramātman’ of everything, and paramātman becomes the individual selves of all creatures and governs them. God Almighty is none other than one’s spiritual essence, in other words, one’s individual self, the ‘ātman’. The ātman indwells in every single thing of the world. As such, the Upaniṣads say that my innermost essence is the essence of the universe, and that I am the Supreme Being itself which exists in everything in this world. In the Upaniṣads, the ‘brahman’ is another word for the paramātman. The Upaniṣads assert that there is no difference between ‘I’ and ‘you’. The core of the mysteries in Upaniṣads is to know the paramātman, that is brahman. The brahman can be obtained through the mind. A person who knows brahman through meditation, a function of the mind, can escape from the death created by ‘avidyā’ which denotes ignorance or misconceptions, and can become immortal in the present. Meditation connects one’s mind to the paramātman by freeing oneself from earthly desire. Through meditation, the essence of the brahman can be seen by the essence of the ātman which is the nature of light. That is to say, the ‘paramātman’ can be known by the ‘ātman’.

산스크리트(Sanskrit)문학 고전문헌 고찰

임근동(Lim, Geun-Dong) 한국외국어대학교 인도연구소 2009 남아시아연구 Vol.15 No.1

산스크리트문학은 베다에서 시작해 현재에 이르기까지 약 3천여 년에 이르는 문학사를 가진 문학이다. 따라서 산스크리트문학의 고전문헌은 수많은 문헌들이 존재한다. 그러나 문학사에서 오랜 세월에 걸쳐 다른 문학의 전범이 되고 작가들에게 창작력의 원천을 제공한 문헌들만을 고전문헌으로 한정하면, 크게 베다문학, 대서사문학, 뿌라나문학, 고전문학에 관련된 문헌이 산스크리트문학의 고전문헌에 해당된다. 이들 가운데 베다는 문학성이 풍부한 인도 최고(最古, 最高)의 시들 집대성된 문헌으로 만물은 서로 상응하며 상조한다는, 아울러 일체가 하나이고 하나가 곧 일체라는 따라서 하나가 만상을 함유하며 만상이 하나로 귀일한다는 사상을 담은 종교적이고 철학적인 신비주의 찬가들의 모음집이다. 인도 최초의 서시시민 『라마야나(R?m?ya?a)』는 주인공인 라마(R?ma)의 일대기를 다룬 작품이지만, 그 작품 속에는 라마의 행장과 관련된 수많은 삽화들이 들어있으며, 낄리다싸(K?lid?sa)와 바와부띠(Bhavabh?ti)를 비롯한 산스크리트 고전문학의 작가들뿐만 아니라 뚤씨다스(Tulas?d?sa)와 같은 힌디 고전문학의 작가 그리고 많은 현대의 인도 작가들이 『라마야나』의 이야기의 일부 혹은 삽화들을 변형하여 자신의 문학을 만들어온 작품이다. 인도에서는 역사서(ltih?sa)로도 평가받으며 아울러 제5의 베다로도 인정되는 『마하바라따(Mah?bh?rata)』는 그 안에 영웅시, 신화와 전설, 우화와 교훈담, 『바가바드기타(Bhagavadg?t?)』를 비롯한 철학적인 담론들이 풍부하게 담겨있다. 뿌라나문학은 인도신호문학의 보고(賣庫)로서 베다와 관련된 신화와 브라흐마나에 언급된 신화 그리고 그이외의 신화들이 문학적인 서술을 통해 보다 풍부하게 나티난다. 산스크리트 고전문학의 대표적인 작가인 깔리다싸의 작품들은 고대인도 신화를 배경으로 인간과 자연이라는 두 대립물의 상호삼투 괴정을 거쳐 하나로 인식하게 하는 일체가 하나라는 인도적인 세계관의 표현을 통해 궁극은 환희라는 인도적 신비사상의 핵심을 담아낸다. 이러한 산스크리트 문학의 고전문헌은 베다이후의 과거의 다양한 문헌 그리고 당시의 문헌들과 종교, 사상, 신화 그리고 문화라는 측면에서 불가분의 관계를 맺고 있다. The Sanskrit Literature has a long history, three thousands years of span from Veda to the present. So there are numerous literatures. But if we confine its limit up to the classic literatures which have been the models of another literatures and provided the sources of imagination to the several writers through long history, then Vedic Literature, Epics, Purana, Classic Literatures fall to that category. Among these, Veda is the oldest poem collection and contains rich literatural materials. And it is the collection of religious, philosophical and mystic hymn. It shows the thought that all the beings response and help each other and also it narrate that one is all as well as all is one and that all the aspects of the things is in that one and all the beings is attributed to this one. R?m?ya?a handles with R?m’s life story and there are so many anecdote relating his life. Mah?bh?rata known as the fifth Veda contains the poems of heros, myths, legends, fables, morals and many philosophical discourse. Purana shows many stories of Gods and are regarded as treasures of the literatures. It shows many myths related to Veda, and the myths which was mentioned in Br?hma?a as well as several myths through narration. The works of Kalidasa which were regarded as the top in the classical literature of sanskrit show the bliss, or the essence of Indian-ness mysticism on the background of old Indian myths. Here this bliss means that it is a thought which all the beings which is perceived through the process of infiltration of each other is one and this is the expression of world view. One of the most distinguished features of the classics among these sanskrit literatures is the fact that it has contextual matter. In other words, the classics of sanskrit literatures has deep relation with various and contemporary literatures after Veda when reflected on religions, thought, myths and cultures.

UV DOSE에 따른 PMMA 표면에너지 변화와 열접합에 관한 정량적 연구

배근동(G. D. Bae),박태현(T. H. Park) 한국기계가공학회 2023 한국기계가공학회 춘추계학술대회 논문집 Vol.2023 No.4

온라인 퀴즈 시스템의 문제은행 구축 자동화를 위한 Deep Quiz Cropping 기술 개발

정대욱(Dae-Wook Jeong),정문호(Mun-Ho Jeong) 한국전자통신학회 2020 한국전자통신학회 논문지 Vol.15 No.6

본 논문은 온라인 퀴즈 시스템에서 핵심인 문제은행 구축 자동화를 위한 Deep Quiz Cropping 기법을 제시했다. 이것은 문제지의 스캔된 그림 파일에서 개별문제에 대한 질문영역과 선다영역을 딥러닝 기반 검출기를 통해 검출하는 것과, 문제생성을 위해 질문영역과 선다영역을 짝지우고 영역오류를 수정하는 Box Coupling으로 이루어졌다. 문제지 및 시험지를 스캔한 영상파일에 Deep Quiz Coupling 기법을 적용한 다수의 실험에서 질의영역과 선다영역을 검출하는데 있어서 성공적인 결과를 도출했다. We presented a method of deep quiz cropping for automatic construction of quiz pool in online quiz systems. The method detects question boxes and sunda boxes in images captured from test papers by a deep learning-based object detector, and makes pairs of a question box and a sunda box by the box coupling. We applied the deep quiz cropping to images captured from test papers and achieved successful results.