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이경은(Lee, Kyoung Eun),손수경(Sohn, Sue Kyung),김미숙(Kim, Mi Sook),김미선(Kim, Mee Sun),송후승(Song, Hoo Seung) 고신대학교 전인간호과학연구소 2015 전인간호과학학술지 Vol.7 No.-
Purpose: This is a phenomenological study exploring experiences of loneliness among older women adults who are living alone. Methods: Study participants were eight older adults who are living alone and they shared their experiences of loneliness. Data were analyzed by the Colaizzi’ phenomenological method. In-depth personal interviews were done from May 1 to August 1, 2014. Results: Based on this study, 5 categories and 10 cluster of themes were emerged. The 5 categories were as followed: preparing death alone, living alone, missing people, feeling sorry for uncaring children, and seeking something to lean on. Conclusion: This study implied that older women adults who are living alone suffer from sorrowfulness and preparing their end of life in sorrow. Therefore, we should reflect the identified meanings of the loneliness in this study to create support systems for older women adults living alone in the community.
당뇨병성 미세혈관 합병증 및 신경병증 환자에서 혈청 Lipoprotein ( a ) 의 농도
이경인(Kyoung In Lee),정준훈(Joon Hoon Jeong),최영근(Young Keun Choi),김영민(Young Min Kim),강양호(Yang Ho Kang),손석만(Seok Man Son),김윤성(Yun Seong Kim),김사웅(Sa Woong Kim),유석동(Seok Dong Yoo),김인주(In Joo Kim),김용기(Yong Ki 대한내과학회 1998 대한내과학회지 Vol.54 No.2
N/A Background: Several epidemiological studies have shown that high plasma concentration of lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] is associated with an increased risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and works as an independent risk factor for atherosclerosis. But, the significance of Lp(a) in diabetic microangiopathy & neuropathy is unclear essentially due to a paucity of relevant studies. This study was designed to evaluate whether Lp(a) concentration may be increased in patients with diabetic microangiopathy & neuropathy. Methods : We studied 96 patients who visited the department of internal medicine in Pusan National University Hospital from May 1995 to May 1996. The patients were grouped according to the presence of diabetic complications(microangiopathy and neuropathy, microangiopathy included retinopathy and nephropathy) and therapeutic modalities(diet, insulin, insulin with oral hypoglycemic agent, and oral hypoglycemic agent). Results: 1) Concentration of Lp(a) was significantly higher(p<0.05) in patients with diabetic retinopathy(nonproliferative, 38.6±33.6 mg/dl, proliferative, 39.5±32.1 mg/dl) than that of patients without retinopathy(23.3±25.3 mg/dl). The duration of diabetes was significantly longer(p<0.05) in patients with diabetic retinopathy(nonproliferative, 12.0 years, proliferative, 13.2 years) than that of patients without retinopathy(5.9 years). 2) Concentration of Lp(a) was significantly higher(p<0.05) in patients with diabetic nephropathy(36.5±39.3 mg/dl) than that of patients without nephropathy(23.3±17.8 mg/dl) and the duration of diabetes was also longer in patients with diabetic nephropathy(10.7±7.2 years vs 6.3±5.8 years, p<0.005). 3) Concentration of Lp(a) was significantly higher and the duration of diabetes was longer in patients with diabetic neuropathy than that of patients without neuropathy(35.9±31.7 mg/dl vs 23.2±25.1 mg/dl, p<0.05 and 10.8 years vs 6.2 years, p<0.005). 4) Concentration of Lp(a) was significantly higher in patients with three complications(53.6 mg/dl, p<0.005) and duration of diabetes was significantly longer in patients with two or three complications(11.3 years, 13.6 years, respectively, p<0.0001). than those in patients without complications. 5) When the patients were subgrouped according to the treatment modalities, there were no significant difference in Lp(a) concentration, however the duration of diabetes was longer in patient group treated with combination of insulin and oral hypoglycemics than that of the other groups(p<0.05). 6) In multivariate logistic regression analysis, concentration of Lp(a) ≥ 50 mg/dl was significantly correlated with diabetic retinopathy & nephropathy, but was not significantly correlated with diabetic neuropathy. Duration of diabetes(≥7 years) and total cholesterol(≥20 mg/dl) were signi5cantly correlated with diabetic retinopathy, nephropathy and neuropathy. Conclusions: Lp(a) concentration is increased in patients with diabetic microangiopathy and neuropathy compared with patients without these complications. So, Lp(a) may works as risk factor for diabetic microangiopathy and neuropathy, and further study to evaluate the role of Lp(a) as a risk factor of such complications would be necessary in large number of patients.
U-센서네트워크에서의 Pairwise key 설정 기법
이경효(Kyoung Hyo Lee),정석원(Seok Won Jung),오병균(Byeong-Kyun Oh) 한국정보과학회 2006 한국정보과학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.33 No.2C
센서네트워크는 유비쿼터스 컴퓨팅 사회에서 핵심 기술로 부각되고 있다. 이러한 센서네트워크는 노드들이 노출되거나 데이터 전송 시 일반 네트워크보다 보안에 취약하므로 안전한 통신을 위하여 센서 노드간 키를 설정하는 것은 보안을 위한 기본적인 요구사항이 되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 배치된 센서네트워크에서 셋업서버의 오버헤드를 줄이기 위하여 네트워크를 클러스터링하고 각 셀 안에 클러스터 헤더와 노드들을 배치한 후 클러스터내의 노드사이의 안전한 통신을 하기위한 pairwise key를 설정하는 기법을 제안하였다.
호텔기업의 성장문화가 관계마케팅전략 및 경영성과에 미치는 영향
이경일(Kyoung Il Lee),이준혁(Jun Hyuk Lee) 한국호텔외식관광경영학회 2013 호텔경영학연구 Vol.22 No.5
As a hotel internal marketing strategy and for the success of relationship marketing, nowadays hotel corporate culture is highlighted. Therefore, this study focused on the investigation of structure of hotel corporate culture, hotel relationship marketing strategy, and hotel management performance. Through the exploratory factor analysis, ``Challenge Culture``, ``Support Culture``, ``Clan Culture``, and ``Adhocracy Culture`` were identified as factors to explain hotel corporate culture; ``Customer Sensitivity Control``, ``Customer Benefit Control``, and ``Customer Loyalty Control`` for hotel relationship marketing; ``Revenue Performance``, ``Customer Satisfaction Performance`` for hotel management performance. The research surveyed 371 samples and used Structural Equation Model for data analysis. The results show that hotel corporate culture (Support Culture) positively affects hotel management performance. The hotel corporate cultures (``Challenge Culture``, ``Support Culture``, ``Clan Culture``) also have a significant relationship with hotel relationship marketing strategy. Hotel relationship marketing strategy positively affects hotel management performance. This study also found the moderating effects of hotel corporate culture on the relationship between hotel management performance and hotel relationship marketing. Finally, the study closes with a discussion about its theoretical and practical contributions and implications, limitations, and suggestions for future research.
호텔기업문화가 관계마케팅전략 및 경영성과에 미치는 영향
이경일(Kyoung Il Lee),이윤보(Yoon Bo Lee),이준혁(Jun Hyuk Lee) 한국호텔외식관광경영학회 2013 호텔경영학연구 Vol.22 No.1
As a hotel internal marketing strategy and for the success of relationship marketing, nowadays hotel corporate culture is highlighted. Therefore, this study focused on the investigation of structure of hotel corporate culture, hotel relationship marketing strategy, and hotel management performance with the literature review. Through the exploratory factor analysis of hotel corporate culture, ``Clan Culture``, ``Market Culture``, ``Adhocracy Culture``, ``Hierarchy Culture`` factors were identified. In hotel relationship marketing and hotel management performance were also distilled with ``Reliability``, ``Conflict Handling``, ``Benefit``, ``Client Handling``, ``Communication``; ``Growth Satisfaction``, ``Customer Value and Satisfaction``, ``Financial Status to the Competitors``. The research surveyed 297 samples and used Structural Equation Model for analysis and testing. The results show that hotel corporate culture(Adhocarcy Culture) positively affects hotel management performance. The hotel corporate cultures(Clan, Market, Hierarchy) also have a significant relationship with hotel relationship marketing strategy. Hotel relationship marketing strategy positively affects hotel management performance. This study also found the mediating effect of hotel relationship marketing between hotel corporate culture and hotel management performance. Finally, the study closes with a discussion of our contributions and implications for theory and practice, limitations, and suggestions for future research.
한국인 류마티스 혈관염과 안지오텐신 전환효소 유전자 삽입/결손 다형성
이경해 ( Kyung Hae Lee ),우진현 ( Jin Hyun Woo ),김숙경 ( Sook Kyoung Kim ),박용욱 ( Yong Wook Park ),이혜순 ( Hye Soon Lee ),엄완식 ( Wan Sik Uhm ),김태환 ( Tae Hwan Kim ),전재범 ( Jae Bum Jun ),배상철 ( Sang Cheol Bae ),유대현 ( 대한류마티스학회 2004 대한류마티스학회지 Vol.11 No.4
Objective: Rheumatoid arthritis has various extra-articular manifestations including rheumatoid vasculitis. Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) gene shows insertion/deletion polymorphism and has II, ID, DD genotypes. ACE gene is related with vasoconstriction and endothelial dysfunction in cardiovascular disease. This study was undertaken to determine the association between ACE gene polymorphism and rheumatoid vasculitis. Methods: Twenty-nine patients were collected as rheumatoid vasculitis group. DNA was isolated from blood samples collected from 114 Korean rheumatoid arthritis patients meeting American College of rheumatology 1987 revised criteria, and 114 healthy control group. Genotyping for the angiotensin converting enzyme gene insertion/deletion polymorphism was performed by polymerase chain reaction method. Results: As vasculitis manifestation, 15 patients showed neuropathy, 13 showed scleritis, 3 showed skin rash. In rheumatoid vasculitis group, II, ID and DD polymorphism was seen in 8 (27.6%), 15 (51.7%), 6 (20.7%) patients respectively and 39 (34.2%), 57 (50.0%), and 18 (15.8%) in normal controls. There was no skewing of ACE I/D polymorphism in compared with normal group. In rheumatoid arthritis control group, II, ID and DD polymorphism was seen in 37 (32.5%), 64 (56.1%), and 13 (11.4%) patients. Among rheumatoid arthritis patient, there was no significant difference between patient with vasculitis and without vasculitis. Conclusion: Our results showed that genetic polymorphisms of angiotensin converting enzyme insertion/deletion gene has no association with the susceptibility to rheumatoid vasculitis.