한국어 양태 표현 연구 - 종결어미 ‘-(으)ㄹ래, -(으)ㄹ게’를 대상으로 -

윤은경 ( Yoon Eun Kyung ) 한국언어문화교육학회 2006 언어와 문화 Vol.2 No.2

This paper examined the grammatical category of modality in Korean. It is not an easy work for adult foreign learners of Korean to learn every single modal endings in their utterance. Even it is not clear-cut for Korean teachers to teach how to use Korean modal endings. Native speakers of Korean do not have to learn it since they can intuitively acquire the notion of the modality. In light of this, the main purpose of this study is to analyse the modality in Korean. The modality is defined as a grammatical form of the quality or state in question. These include the assertion or denial of any degree or manner of affect, belief, certainty, desire, obligation, possibility, or probability on the part of the utterer. The notion of the modality was classified as epistemic modality and deontic modality. The epistemic modality was effectively described through the literature review for teaching Korean as a Foreign Language. The deontic modality, however, was not sufficiently accounted for. Therefore, what is also discussed is the distinction of ‘-eulrae’ and ‘-eulge’ to better understand for the deontic modality. The empirical study was performed through the corpus of KAIST. From the data, a total of 602 tokens was acquired: 301 tokens for ‘-eulrae’ and ‘-eulge’, respectively. The most important findings of this study were that ‘-eulrae’ has the functional meaning of [suggestions](50.5%), [threat](19%), and [desire](13%), Otherwise, the results revealed that ‘-eulge’ has the meaning of [promise] (80%) and [one’s will for here and now](20%). (Hankuk University of Foreign Studies)

칠정상(七情傷)의 기전에 대한 고찰 -감정적 요인을 중심으로-

윤은경 ( Eun Kyung Yoon ),백유상 ( You Sang Baik ),정창현 ( Chang Hyun Jeong ) 대한한의학원전학회(구 대한원전의사학회) 2011 대한한의학원전학회지 Vol.24 No.4

This paper is about the emotional factors in Chiljeongsang(七情傷). To specify the collective term into specific categories, an examination of the meaning of emotion of the East and West was primarily undertaken. The importance of emotion lies in the fact that it provides a link between the individual and the outside world. Emotion was perceived as reflections of the human nature and mental activity by philosophers and psychiatrists throughout history. In the views of psychologists, the focus was on not emotion itself, but rather the emotional experience in human, and its psychological and physiological mechanism. In Traditional Medicine, problematic emotion is called Chiljeong(七情). The term Chiljeongsang(七情傷), which is a compound word of ``Chiljeong(七情)`` and ``Sang(傷)`` meaning ``damage``, is used in referring to illness related to unhealthy emotions. It is used to describe illness caused by Chiljeong(七情) and mental disorders that result in emotional symptoms. It also refers to illness where Chiljeong(七情) plays a role in creating a more direct cause of illness in the larger pathogenic process. In the contents of Chiljeongsang(七情傷) in Traditional Medicine, emotion as causation of Gi(氣) disorder could be found the most, while explanation on the psychological process related to the creation of Chiljeong(七情) was insufficient. This tendency is related to the philosophical basis of Traditional Medicine. Out of the two patterns suggested, the mind-based Chiljeongsang(七情傷) pattern includes the psychological aspects of damage, in which key focus is on the cause that arouses problematic emotion, its process and the meaning this emotion entails. To explain this, concepts from psychiatry, especially Jung`s theory on neurosis was adopted. In treating a Chiljeongsang(七情傷) patient, mere knowledge of the physiological changes of the body in terms of Gi(氣) is insufficient. This is because mental factors play a large role in Chiljeongsang(七情傷), and the more a condition is ``mental``, the more complex it becomes and the more it influences life as whole. Therefore, the doctor must approach the patient with not only medical knowledge, but also overall knowledge on all aspects of human life.

胎兒의 發達過程에서 찾아본 惡阻의 原因에 대한 考察

尹銀卿(Yoon Eun kyung),金鍾鉉(Kim Jong hyun) 대한한의학원전학회 2019 대한한의학원전학회지 Vol.32 No.2

Objectives : Morning Sickness, or Nausea and Vomiting of Pregnancy(NVP) is a frequently experienced phenomenon among pregnant women whose cause is still unknown. While the key trait of this symptom is its temporality, it is hardly considered in existing studies on the cause of NVP based on Korean Medical(KM) literature. We hope to remedy this. Methods : We looked for contents on fetal development in Korean Medical literature from the Siku Quanshu as well as other key literature of KM and examined the results together with contents on NVP to find any correlation. Results : We found that the beginning stages, namely the third month marked a significant change in the course of fetal development where the fetus’s own Shen(神) is first developed by work of the mother’s Heart(心). In other words, the third month is when the mother’s and child’s Shen first encounter. Conclusions : We hypothesized that NVP whose symptoms are closely linked to the functions of the Heart, is likely to be related to this event, which was supported by the common involvement of the Heart which was involved in both fetal development and NVP during the third month of pregnancy.

한의학적(韓醫學的) 관점(觀點)에서 본 『태교신기(胎敎新記)』의 태교론(胎敎論)

윤은경 ( Yoon Eun-kyung ) 대한한의학원전학회(구 대한원전의사학회) 2018 대한한의학원전학회지 Vol.31 No.1

Objectives : The objective of this research is to look deeper into the thoughts of Sajudang in her book on fetal education, Taegyoshin-gi(TGSG), published in the early 19th century Joseon, which focused on her understanding of human development and bodily relationship the mother has with her child with comparison to Korean Medical texts. Methods : The characteristics of TGSG were laid out with comparison to previous texts on fetal education of both China and Korea. After this, they were closely cross-examined with Korean Medical thoughts on human creation, mother-child relationship, and mind-body relationship. Results : Sajudang’s thoughts on fetal education as written in TGSG, show a deep understanding of human development and the father and mother’s roles in it, expanding the responsibility of fetal education from just the mother to both father and mother. There is also awareness of the importance of the Heart that is at the center of the fetal education process, and of the mother-child relationship through blood. Conclusions : Fetal education as discussed in TGSG expands from previous discourses on the topic, distinguishing itself with thorough understanding of how fetal education works, when it begins, and what the roles of the parents and the community are. This attributes to Sajudang’s knowledge that came from both books and her actual experiences.

음높이의 복제에 따른 한국어 파열음의 지각 양상 비교

윤은경 ( Eun Kyung Yoon ) 한국외국어대학교 언어연구소 2015 언어와 언어학 Vol.0 No.66

The purpose of this study was to examine the role of pitch in the perception of non-native & native Korean speakers on stop consonants of Korean words in word-initial positions. For example, a pitch of the first syllable of a Korean word starting with a lenis consonant was replaced with that of a meaningless word starting with an aspirated consonant using Praat script. Native Korean Group (KG) and Chinese Group (CG) and Japanese Group (JG) (45 people total, with 15 in each speaker group) were instructed to listen to the stimuli and were then examined regarding how they perceived them. When non-manipulated lenis consonants were produced in low tones, 99% of KG, 62% of CG, and 67% of JG perceived them as lenis consonants. When interpreted the other way around, the rates of perceiving lenis consonants as aspirated consonants were 1%, 38%, and 33% for KG, CG, and JG, respectively. When lenis consonants were produced in high tones by manipulating their pitch to the level of aspirated consonants, the rates of their perception as aspirated consonants were 69%, 67%, and 57% for the KG, CG, and JG groups, respectively. This study has significance in terms of identifying the following points: (1) when the KG perceived lenis consonants, on the assumption that all other conditions were identical, this group used pitch as a fairly important clue and (2) to some extent, pitch also influenced the CG and JG to perceive lenis consonants as aspirated consonants.

서정주 초기시의 낭만성과 "도"의 상상력 -『화사집』을 중심으로

윤은경 ( Eun Kyung Yoon ) 현대문학이론학회 2011 現代文學理論硏究 Vol.0 No.45

본 논문은 미당 서정주의 시가 열린 텍스트라는 입장에서, 그의 초기시에서 감지되는 ``도``의 상상력을 탐색하고, 한국시문학사에서 전통서정시의 흐름을 이끌었던 서정주 초기시의 문학적 의미를 구명하려는 시론(試論)이다. 특히 『화사집』의 시편들을 중심으로 그의 생애를 관통한 ``영원지향성``을 ``도가철학``의 근저에 자리한 ``도``, 즉 태극의 작용으로부터 도출된 ``전일성 지향``의 원리로서 구명하고자 한다. 낭만적 ``동경``의 형식은 동일화의 원리로서 종합하여 절대적 통일을 지향하는 것이며, 낭만적 상상력은 적극적으로 시공간의 질서를 재창조하여 시적 자아에게 낭만적 동일자로서 절대적 시공간을 초월케 한다. 미당의 영원의식은 ``전체로서의 시간``을 인식하고 살아가는 것으로, 그가 추구한 영원이란 동일성의 원리라는 심미적 통합원리를 초월하여 육신과 ``영통``까지를 포괄하는 우주적인 것이라 생각된다. 태극론은 만물의 생성 변화와 천하의 움직임이 궁극적으로 태극의 작용이며, 만물이 생성 변화의 이(理)를 각각 지녀 태극의 전일성을 향해 움직인다는 변과 통의 논리이다. 도에 함의된 ``변화``의 순환생성 과정이 순간의 형식이자 영원의 형식이다. 이 순간에 미당은 시에서 간구했던 ``생의 구경``의 의미와 상통하는 것이다. 영통(靈通)에는 인간의 신성성 회복이라는 존재론적이고 영적인 의미가 개재되어 있다. 이런 맥락에서 미당의 초기 시가 그의 일생의 시적 화두였던 ``영원주의``의 배아를 함의하고 있다면, 낭만주의적 동일성의 원리보다는 자아와 세계의 본질적 내통이라는 ``도``의 상상력을 통해 ``영원``에 도달하려는 것이라 설명할 수 있다. 이 점이 미당의 ``영원주의``에 기여하는 『화사집』의 미학적 의미이자 미당 시에 드러난 ``도``의 상상력의 근대적 혹은 반근대적 작동방식이라 할 수 있을 것이다. Arguing that Midang, Jeongju Seo`s poems are open texts that make a variety of approaches possible, this study examines how Seo`s early poems search for imagination of "Do" and succeed to the Korean lyric tradition through new perspectives, and what their meanings are. In particular, focusing on "candid words" that kept being threatened in the Japanese colonial era and how to express them in Seo`s poems, this study deals with Hoasajim which contains his early poems to study one of the Taoist philosophical concepts on eternity: "do" which is a completeness coming from principle of "Tai Ji". Romanticism is part of basic human features and its essences are sentimentalism and longing. Through this longing, Seo expresses the opposite concepts such as subjectivity/objectivity, finite/infinite, nature/human through identification of their absolute unification. As for romantic imagination, he re-creates the order of time and space that a poetic self transcends identifying himself with a romantic self. Seo`s interest in "eternity" comes from his life experiences. Seo`s consciousness on eternity is considered as "time as the entirety". He understand time through a circular reasoning. Meanwhile, it also transcends an aesthetic integrative principle which is one of the identity principles, and embraces universality including physical body and psychomancy. The cardinal point of Tai Ji is that every creation, change, and movement is ultimately actions of Tai Ji, and everything coming from Tai Ji has a principle of change and creation to move toward the completeness of Tai Ji. "Do" embraces the meaning of change, which is in the constant process of circular creation as a moment as well as eternity. To Seo, this moment is the eternity as an ontological aspect and in the same context as "seeing of life" in his poems. Psychomancy that acquires eternity beyond time and space through essential communication of an self and the world is to restore human`s sacred, spiritual features. In this vein, Seo`s early poems embrace "eternity" which is his life long poetic question. He wants to express the eternity that can be reached by imagination of "do" that can be acquired through the essential communication of a self and the world rather than romantic identification of the absolute subject and the aesthetic sense of the world. This aspect is a characteristic with that Hoasajim expresses "eternity" through aesthetics and a modern or anti-modern function of imagination of "do".

한국어 남․여교사의 음성적 특징이 외국인 남성 학습자의 발화에 미치는 영향

윤은경(Yoon, Eun Kyung),곽선우(Kwak, Sun Woo) 동악어문학회 2016 동악어문학 Vol.66 No.-

본고의 주된 연구 목적은 외국인 남성 한국어 학습자의 발화에 나타나는 "여성성"이 한국어 남․여교사 발화와 관련이 있을 것으로 보고, 지각 실험을 바탕으로 산출 결과를 분석하는 것이다. 아울러 외국인 남성 학습자 발화의 남․여교사 발화에 따른 영향 관계를 살피고자 한다. 성별에 따른 교사 발화, 일반인 발화, 외국인 남성 학습자의 발화(총 21명)가 어느 정도로 여성성이 지각되는지를 20명의 청자들에게 likert scale로 평가하게 하였고, 이러한 여성성에 대한 지각적 판단을 기반으로 음높이, 음길이, 발화 속도, 핵억양의 패턴 등의 운율적 특징을 살펴보았다. 지각실험 결과 여성 교사의 경우 여성성 정도에 있어 일반 여성보다도 높은 점수를 받았으며, 남성 교사는 일반 남성보다 높은 점수를 받았을 뿐만 아니라 일반 여성과도 유사한 점수를 받은 경우도 발견되었다. 외국인 남성학습자의 경우에도 대체로 여성성의 정도가 강한 것으로 나타났다. 요컨대, 서법에 따라 차이는 있지만, 대체로 한국어 남성 교사발화는 일반인과 비교했을 때 음역대(pitch range)가 2배 가까이 넓었고, 말속도, 조음속도도 상당히 느린 것으로 나타났다. 아울러 경계 성조에서 상당히 긴 어말장음화가 관찰되었다. 마지막으로 핵억양 패턴은 일반 여성과 유사하게 나타나 여성스러운 발화에 노출되어 그와 유사한 음성적 특징을 갖는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과를 더 나은 방향으로 교사 교육에 반영하고, 교사가 자신의 발화를 인식할 기회를 제공했다는 데 학문적 의의가 있다. This paper aims to analyze the phonetic characteristics of male Korean language teachers when they use feminine speech patterns. 20 listeners participated in the perception test to make assessments of the speech of male and female Korean language teachers, some subjects of the general public and male Korean language learners (a total of 21 people). In the perceptual test, female teachers received higher scores for feminine speech patterns than the other women, while male teachers received higher scores for feminine speech patterns than the other men. The scores of the male teachers were similar to those of the other women. Most male Korean language learners also showed strong feminine speech patterns. Based on the perceptual test of feminine speech patterns, prosodic characteristics such as speech pitch, length and speed and its core intonation patterns were also examined. The results differ across the sentence types. In general, the speech of the male Korean language teachers had a pitch range twice as large as that of the general public, while their speech speed and articulation rates were shown to be significantly slower. Furthermore, a significantly lengthened final utterance was observed in their boundary tones. Lastly, with core intonation patterns similar to those of the other women, they appeared to have phonetic characteristics corresponding to those of women, to the feminine speech. The findings of this study have implications for academic studies to shed a positive light on teacher education and provide opportunities for teachers to recognize their own speech patterns.

한국어 모음의지각 훈련

윤은경 ( Eun Kyung Yoon ) 한국외국어대학교 외국어교육연구소 2013 외국어교육연구 Vol.27 No.2

이 논문의 연구 목적은 한국어 모음의 지각적 훈련이 산출에 미치는 영향에 대해서 살펴보는 것이다. 영어권 한국어 학습자들을 8명을 대상으로 지각 훈련을 통해 한국어 단모음 /i, e, ε, a, Λ, o, u, i,/을 가르쳤다. 2주 간 3번의 과정 동안피험자들을 두 집단으로 나누어 한 집단에게는 청각구두식 방법을 사용하여, 교사의 발화를 직접 듣고 따라하게 하는 방식의 발음 교육을 시켰고, 다른 한 팀에게는 L1과 L2의 음성적 유사성에 대해 토론을 하는 과정과 두 언어 사이의 음성적 차이점에 주목하도록 ABX test 과정을 반복함으로써 지각 훈련을 하였다. 그결과 사후 실험의 듣기와 말하기에서 실험팀과 통제팀 사이에 통계적으로 유의미한 차이가 없었으나, 지각 훈련을 한 실험팀는 지각에서 19%, 산출에서 9%의 향상률을 보였으며, 통제팀은 지각에서 9%, 산출에서 13%의 향상률을 보였다. 다시 말해, 지각 훈련을 받은 팀은 특별한 말하기 연습이 수반되지 않았음에도 불구하고 산출 능력이 미약하나마 상승되었다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 이는 발음 교육시 본격적인 발음 연습을 하기 전에 충분한 지각적 훈련을 하는 것도 필요하다는것을 암시한다. The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of perceptual training of Korean vowels on speech production. Eight Korean language learners (all native English speakers) were taught Korean monophthongs /i, e, □, a, □, o, u, □/. The subjects were divided into two groups. During three sessions for two weeks, one group received pronunciation education by listening to and following the native speakers` utterances using audiolingual methods, and the other group received perceptual training by discussing phonetic similarities between language 1 (L1) and language 2 (L2), and paying attention to phonetic differences between the two languages, and repeating the ABX test process. No significant differences were found between the experimental group and the control group in the post-test of perception and production, but the experimental group, which received perceptual training, showed improvement in perception by 19% and production by 9%, while the control group exhibited improvement in perception by 9% and production by 13%. In other words, production capabilities of the group that received perceptual training were slightly enhanced from the result of the pre-test, although it was not accompanied by special speaking practice. This suggests that in pronunciation education, sufficient perceptual training is necessary before pronunciation exercises are conducted.

나트륨 저감화 정책 동향

윤은경(Eun-Kyung Yoon) 한국식품영양과학회 2015 식품산업과 영양 Vol.20 No.2

박테리아 luciferase LuxAB 융합유전자를 이용한 자체발광식물체의 개발

윤은경(Eun Kyung Yoon),이율미(Yul Mi Lee),박소민(So Min Park),이진형(Jin-Hyoung Lee),친양(Yang Qin),신공식(Kong-Sik Shin),우희종(Hee-Jong Woo),김강민(Kangmin Kim),이찬용(Chan Yong Lee),임명호(Myung-Ho Lim) 한국원예학회 2015 한국원예학회 학술발표요지 Vol.2015 No.10