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사양토(砂壤土) 및 양토(壤土)에서 토양질소(土壤窒素) 무기화(無機化)에 미치는 석회(石灰)와 전분(澱粉)의 영향(影響)
윤순강,이석하,이명철,Yun, Sun-Gang,Lee, Suk-Ha,Lee, Myung-Cheol 한국토양비료학회 1991 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.24 No.3
토성(土性)을 달리하는 두 토양(土壤)(사양토(砂壤土), 양토(壤土))을 공시(供試)하여 무처리, 석회(3%, w/w), 전분(3% w/w), 및 석회+전분처리를 하고 토양수분을 포장용수량(圃場溶水量)의 80%로 조절(調節)한 뒤 항온(恒溫)($30+/-0.1^{\circ}C$, 6주간(周間)) 처리하여 pH와 무기태(無機態)질소함량 변화를 조사(調査)하였다. 양토(壤土)에서 항온에 따른 pH는 석회와 석회+전분처리에서 항온 1주 후에 급격히 pH가 증가(增加)되었고, 무처리에서는 항온 전보다 pH가 낮아졌다. 사양토에서는 석회처리시 양토에서와 유사(類似)한 pH증가를 보였으나 석회+전분처리에서는 항온 2주째부터 낮아졌다. 그리고 무처리와 전분처리에서는 항온(恒溫) 전(前)과 큰 차이가 없었다. 양토(壤土)에서 $NH_4-N$은 항온 후 3주부터 증가(增加)되기 시작하여 5주째 최대치(最大値)를 보였고 6주째는 다소 감소(減少)되었다. $NO_3-N$은 석회, 무처리에서 항온기간경과에 따라 pH상승(上昇)과 $NO_3-N$축적간에 정(正)의 상관관계(相關關係)를 보였으며, 전분, 석회+전분처리에서는 오히려 항온 전(前)보다 낮아졌다. 사양토(砂壤土)에서 $NH_4-N$은 양토에서와 유사(類似)하여 항온 3주째부터 증가되었으며, 처리별로는 양토에서와는 달리 석회+전분처리에서 매우 높았다. Effects of liming and starch application on the soil pH and mineralization of organic nitrogen were compared to control at $30+/10^{\circ}C$ incubation for six weeks in two soil types(loam, sandy loam) adjusted with 80% of field moisture capacity. 1. While soil pH was increased abruptyl one week after incubation in loam applied with lime and lime+starch, it tended to decrease at control during incubation period. Liming on sandy loam increased soil pH, and application of lime+starch together showed high pH at first week of incubation which was lowered slowly after wards. Significant changes in soil pH was not detected at control or starch application only. 2. The content of $NH_3-N$ in loam started to increse three weeks after incubation, and was maximized at fifth week. Positive correlation was shown at control during incubation period between soil pH and $NO_3-N$ content. Level of $NO_3-N$ content applied with starch or lime+starch was low compared to control. 3. The $NH_4-N$ content was high when sandy loam was applied with lime+starch together. At the first week of incubation, the $NO_3-N$ content was high at control or lime application.
윤순강,유순호 ( Sun Gang Yun,Sun Ho Yoo ) 한국환경농학회 1993 한국환경농학회지 Vol.12 No.3
Nitrogen is an element required to meet optimal plant growth. However, when it was applied (as chemical fertilizer or animal waste) more than the demand of plant and managed it unreasonably can be accumulated in subsoil and leached from soil system. Nitrogen also can be act as an pollutant to soil and water through water contamination if its concentration exceed the critical level. The concentration and downward movement of nitrate in soil is influenced by cultural practices and soil properties. High level of nitrate nitrogen in drinking water is harzadrous for animal and human health, especially for infants and the restoration of the quality of groundwater is impossible by now. Therefore it is the only way to prevent from leaching of nitrate nitrogen to keep the quality of groundwater as vital water resource. The aims of the presentation of this review paper are to understand the relationship between agricultural practices and the concentration of nitrate nitrogen in groundwater and to suggest further informations for the rational management methods to reduce the leaching of nitrate nitrogen in soil.
윤순강 ( Sun-gang Yun ),이창훈 ( Chang Hoon Lee ),고병구 ( Byong-gu Ko ),박성진 ( Seong-jin Park ),김명숙 ( Myung-sook Kim ) 한국환경농학회 2016 한국환경농학회 학술대회집 Vol.2016 No.-
Soil organic carbon plays a important roles on soil fertility and crop yields. There is little information on the carbon storage under forage cultivation at winter season in rice paddy. In this study, we evaluated the soil organic carbon and soil fertility in paddy cultivated Italian-ryegrass(IRG), barely, and rye as animal feedstock at winter season. Soil organic carbon concentration was ordered to 17.4, 13.6, 14.3 g C kg-1 at IRG, barely, and ryegrass cultivation, respectively. Especially, soil organic carbon in the field cultivated IRG was 19.5% higher than in the mono-rice cultivation. All of bulk density in soil was ranged from 1.17 to 1.30 g cm-3 irrespective of cropping systems and was correlated strongly negative to the soil organic carbon. Carbon storage in IRG fields was average 30.1 Mg ha-1 at 15 cm of soil depth and was 20.4 and 10.3% higher than those of barely and rye fields, respectively. Increasing carbon storage was improved soil fertility for next crop cultivation. This result indicated that Italian-ryegrass cultivation at winter season could be a alternative to improve soil organic carbon and fertility of paddy soil.
요소(尿素)(Urea)를 시용(施用)한 초지(草地)의 토양단면(土壤斷面)에서 무기태질소(無機態窒素) 함량(含量)의 계절적(季節的) 변화
윤순강,유순호,Yun, Sun-Gang,Yoo, Sun-Ho 한국토양비료학회 1991 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.24 No.3
요소(urea)를 시용한 초지의 토양단면에서 무기태질소의 계절적 함량변화를 조사하기 위하여 질소 시용수준(施用水準)을 0, 14, 28 kg/10a로 하고 목초를 재배하면서 봄(5.26), 여름(7.27), 가을(10.18)철에 토양시료를 토양깊이 100cm 까지 20cm 간격으로 채취하여 분석(分析), 검토(檢討)한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 봄 철에 질소 무시용구에서는 $NH_4-N$ 함량이 높았으나 14, 28 kg N/10a 처리에서는 $NO_3-N$ 함량이 증가(增加)되었고 $NH_4-N$, $NO_3-N$ 함량은 토양깊이가 깊을수록 모두 감소되는 경향을 보였다. 2. 여름 철 토양 중 $NO_3-N$ 함량(含量)은 0 N < 14 N <28 N 순으로 증가되었고 28 N 처리에서는 토양중 평균 $NO_3-N$ 함량이 42 ppm였다. 3. 가을 철에는 $NH_4-N$ 함량은 전 처리에서 여름 철과 큰 차이가 없었으나 $NO_3-N$ 함량은 여름 철에 비하여 크게 감소(減少)되어서 14 N, 28 N 처리에서 각각 7, 14 ppm 이하로 낮아졌다. 4. 토양 중 전질소 함량은 봄 철에 토양깊이 0~20cm에서 0 N에 비하여 28 N 처리에서 0.042% 낮았으며 전체적으로는 0 N과 28 N 처리 사이에 차이가 적었다. 그러나 토양 전질소(全窒素) 함량에 대한 무기태질소(無機態窒素) 함량 비율은 0 N과 28 N 처리 간에 차이가 컸는데 여름 철에 28 N 처리의 토양깊이 40~100cm에서 무기태질소(無機態窒素) 함량비율은 0 N 처리에 비하여 크게 증가(增加)되었으며 특히 토양깊이 80~100cm에서는 0 N에 비하여 2배 이상 증가되었다. Field experiment was conducted to investigate the seasonal change in inorganic nitrogen content in grassland soil profile after urea application. Urea was applied at the levels of 0 (0N), 14 (14N), and 28 (28N) Kg N per 10a. Soil samples were taken at every 20 cm interval upto 100 cm soil depth in spring (May 26), summer (July 27), and autumn (October 18) and analysed for total and inorganic nitrogen ($NH_4-N$ and $NO_3-N$). The results obtained are as follows ; 1. In spring, the $NH_4-N$ content of ON treatment was higher than $NO_3-N$ content both in surface and subsoil. The urea application increasing both $NH_4-N$ and $NO_3-N$ contents in the surface soils and these contents decreased with soil depth. 2. In summer, increase in urea application rate elevated the $NO_3-N$ content in soil profile of 0 to 100cm and the content reached upto 42 ppm in the 28N treatment. 3. The seasonal difference in $NH_4-N$ content between summer and autumn was insignificant throughout soil profile. Soil $NO_3-N$ content in autumn were 7 and 14 ppm for 14N and 28N respectively, showing very low values compared with that of summer. 4. The ratio of inorganic nitrogen to total nitrogen increased with soil depth and with urea application rates.