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토양중 Na<sup>+</sup> 이온이 간척지 토주의 수리전도도와 용출수의 화학성 변화에 미치는 영향
유진희,정덕영,양창휴,이상복,최원영,김시주,Ryu, Jin-Hee,Chung, Doug-Young,Yang, Chang-Hyu,Lee, Sang-Bok,Choi, Weon-Young,Kim, Si-Ju 한국토양비료학회 2009 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.42 No.6
전북 부안군 소재 계화도간척지 시험포장에서 토양의 염류가 논토양의 투수성에 미치는 영향을 알고자 염농도가 높은 지점과 낮은 지점을 대상으로 시료를 채취하여 토양의 물리 화학성을 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 시험토양은 포화침출액 전기전도도($EC_{e}$)가 고염지 표토 $25.2dS\;m^{-1}$, 고염지 심토 $37.8dS\;m^{-1}$, 저염지 표토 $3.0dS\;m^{-1}$, 저염지 심토 $3.4dS\;m^{-1}$로 시험토양을 염류토양 분류기준에 의거 분류한 결과, 고염지 표토는 saline soil, 고염지 심토는 saline-sodic soil이었고 저염지 표토 및 심토는 일반 토양(normal soil)에 해당되었다. 토주실험 결과 저염지 표토의 포화수리전도도 (Ksat)는 $0.623cm\;hr^{-1}$이었으나, 고염지 표토에서는 용출수의 하향이동이 거의 일어나지 않았다. 고염지 표토를 토양 무게에 대하여 1:2의 비율로 증류수, 1N NH4OAc, 0.1eq L-1oxalic acid로 연이어 세척하여 수용성 및 치환성 이온을 부분 제거하고 컬럼에 충전하여 포화수리전도도를 측정한 결과, $K_{sat}$값은 세척전에 투수가 거의 일어나지 않았던 것에 비하여 크게 증가하여 $0.68cm\;hr^{-1}$을 나타내었다. 세척비율 1:3과 1:7에서 같은 방법으로 포화수리전도도를 측정한 결과 $K_{sat}$값은 각각 $0.71cm\;hr^{-1}$, $0.73cm\;hr^{-1}$을 나타내었고 토양에 대한 희석요인이 증가할수록 $K_{sat}$값은 더 증가하는 경향을 나타냈다. 고염지 표토 토양을 $1N\;NH_4OAc$로 1시간 진탕 세척하여 수용성 및 치환성 양이온의 대부분을 제거한 후 컬럼에 충전하여 포화수리전도도를 측정한 결과, $K_{sat}$값은 $0.23cm\;hr^{-1}$으로 크게 증가하였고, 수용성 및 치환성 양이온을 제거한 고염지 표토 토주의 하단에 NaCl용액을 농도별로 상향 포화시켜 처리한 후 포화수리전도도를 측정한 결과 $K_{sat}$값은 NaCl 처리 농도별로 $0.13{\sim}0.15cm\;hr^{-1}$을 나타내었으며 NaCl의 처리 농도가 증가함에 따라 $K_{sat}$값은 더 낮아지는 경향을 보였다. In order to identify the effect of soil salinity on saturated hydraulic conductivity in reclaimed paddy soils, we established the soil columns uniformly packed with soils collected at every 20 cm up to 60 cm from the reclaimed paddy area with high and low salinity which has been cultivated rice plants for the last 30 years. The soil textures were sandy loam and loamy sand for high-salinity and low-salinity topsoils, respectively. For high-salinity and low-salinity soils the ECes were ranged from 25.2 to $37.8dS\;m^{-1}$ and 3.0 to $3.4dS\;m^{-1}$ while the ESPs were ranged from 7.70 to 20.84 % and from 5.12 to 11.33 %, respectively. The bulk densities of the soil columns were adjusted to $1.15{\pm}0.03g\;cm^{-3}$. The results of the soil column experiments shows that the stabilized saturated hydraulic conductivity of low-salinity soil was $0.62cm\;hr^{-1}$ at the topsoil while there were little water flow at the bottom of the soil columns packed with high-salinity soils. After removal of $Na^+$ ions with $1N\;NH_4OAc$ from the high-salinity soil, Ksat of the saline soil was drastically increased to $0.23cm\;hr^{-1}$. Soil columns of high-salinity topsoil treated with four different concentration of NaCl influent after removal of soluble and exchangeable cations with $1N\;NH_4OAc$ show Ksat in the range of $0.1{\sim}0.15cm\;hr^{-1}$ and the Ksat slightly decreased as the concentration of NaCl influent was increasing. Conclusively, we could assume that $Na^+$ can be significantly contributed to the saturated hydraulic conductivity in newly reclaimed sandy soil.
공정거래제도 30년의 운영성과와 향후 정책방향 -공정거래법상 실체법 규정의 운영성과와 그 평가를 중심으로-
유진희 ( Jin Hee Ryu ) 한국경쟁법학회 2011 競爭法硏究 Vol.23 No.-
It`s difficult to sum up enforcement performance of Monopoly Regulation and Fair Trade Act for 30 years in a word, but it seems that more considerable outcome has been achieved in the regulation of entrepreneurs` conducts damaging fair and free competition such as abuse of market dominant positions, unlawful collaborative acts (cartel agreements) and unfair trade practices than in the remedy of monopoly or oligopoly in market structures and the repression of the economic power concentration. However, it`s not always desirable that there was quite an achievement in the regulation of unfair trade practices. Considering the work burden of Korea Fair Trade Commission(hereinafter ``KFTC``), their relations with abuse of market dominant positions and the character as private dispute, it is necessary to improve the regulation system of unfair trade practices. In the regulation of abuse of market dominant positions and unlawful collaborative acts, KFTC should continue to strongly enforce the law. Since global economic crisis began in USA in 2008, KFTC has selected several enterprises as priority surveillance business and closely monitored them. It expresses KFTC`s strong will for law enforcement, though it should not degenerate into a means of price stabilization. In a way the remedy of monopoly or oligopoly in market structures is the most urgent problem for solution, that is however hard and time-consuming to solve. In the review of substantial lessening of competition in a combination of enterprises, KFTC may consider public interests or industrial policy as well as competition policy. This issue relates to the independence of KFTC and requires the practical independence of KFTC. Finally, the repression of the economic power concentration is more difficult issue than the remedy of monopoly or oligopoly in market structures. For it depends not only on the enforcement will or competence of the competition authorities, but also on the government`s perception of the need for regulation. The repression system of economic power concentration was introduced into the Monopoly Regulation and Fair Trade Act in order to prevent harmful effect due to the general concentration of economic power. If the very problem of general concentration of economic power has not been solved, effective system to resolve it is still needed.
도산기업 구제를 위한 기업결합 - 도산기업 항변에 관한 비교법적 검토 및 적용사례 검토를 중심으로 -
유진희 ( Jin Hee Ryu ) 고려대학교 법학연구원 2007 고려법학 Vol.0 No.49
In Korea, among the mergers investigated by the Korean Fair Trade Commission (hereinafter KFTC), the failing firm defense has been accepted only in the Hyundai Motors case in 1999. It was, however, the case that KFTC applied Korean Antitrust Law before its 1999 amendment and the arguments were not quite satisfactory. Therefore, it can not be recognized as a model case to which the doctrine of the failing firm defense was applied. KFTC has made an itemized examination correspondent to the requirements of the failing firm defense in the US since 2000 and its judgments have been based on proper criteria by and large. But some decisions made by KFTC were based on unsatisfactory arguments, which must be improved. Above all, more copious arguments should be given in judgment of other two requirements, namely the inevitable exit from the market of the assets and non-existence of no less anticompetitive alternative purchasers, than whether there is the grave probability of business failure, which have been preponderant criteria so far. The criteria of the non-existence of alternative purchasers in some recent decisions, meanwhile, were whether the competitive structure of the relevant market would be preserved if other firm than the acquiring firm acquired the failing firm, rather than whether the failing firm made efforts to elicit alternative offers of acquisition. I think it is desirable improvement because it can be a device which accepts the failing firm defense in the one hand and lessens the effect of restrictions on competition due to the merger on the other. Both Korea and EU accepted the doctrine of the failing firm defense developed in the US and have applied it to cases. Thus, Korea, EU and the US make no great difference in the basic frame of the failing firm defense itself. For this reason, to develop more copious and proper arguments in application of the failing firm defense, we need thorough analysis on the doctrine of the failing firm defense developed in the US and EU. In particular, EU Law which had showed some differences from the US Law recently changed its position and came close to that of the US, and it suggests that the importance of the US law in this field is increasing.
대공극층위 형성 간척지 다층토주의 양이온 용탈 및 분포
유진희(Jin-Hee Ryu),정덕영(Doug-Young Chung),황선웅(Seon-Woong Hwang),강종국(Jong-Guk Kang),이상복(Sang-Bok Lee),최원영(Weon-Young Choi),하상건(Sang-Keun Ha),김시주(Si-Ju Kim) 한국토양비료학회 2010 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.43 No.5
간척지 토양에서 대공극 중간층위의 형성이 가지는 제염 촉진 효과를 구명하기 위하여 석탄바닥재를 대공극층으로 가지는 다층토주 (multi-layered soil column)를 만들어 실내 실험을 수행하였다. 시험토양의 투수성을 조사한 결과, 표토층은 초기 Ksat 0.25 cm hr<SUP>-1</SUP>에서부터 240시간 후 투수가 정지하여 Ksat 0 cm hr<SUP>-1</SUP>을 나타내었고 심토층은 초기부터 투수가 되지 않아 Ksat 0 cm hr<SUP>-1</SUP>을 나타내었다. 표토에 5 cmolc kg<SUP>-1</SUP>의 석고를 혼합한 다층토주의 Ksat 값은 표토 30cm+CBA 20 cm+심토 20 cm 토주에서 0.39×10<SUP>-4</SUP> cm sec<SUP>-1</SUP>를 나타내었고, 표토 30cm+ CBA 30 cm+심토 20 cm 토주에서 0.31×10<SUP>-4</SUP> cm sec<SUP>-1</SUP> 을 나타내었다. 반면 대공극층을 가지지 않은 표토 30cm+심토 20 cm 토주는 Ksat 0.064×10<SUP>-4</SUP> cm sec<SUP>-1</SUP>로 매우 낮은 값을 나타내었다. 다층토주 용출액의 EC가 1 dS m<SUP>-1</SUP> 이하로 감소한 시간은 대공극 중간층을 가진 토주가 대공극층이 없는 토주 (표토 30 cm+심토 20 cm)에 비해 크게 짧았다. 다층토주 용출액의 양이온 농도는 심토층을 가진 다층토주는 Na+ > Mg2+ > K+ > Ca2+ 순으로 높았고, 심토층이 없는 다층토주는 Na+ > Mg2+ > Ca2+ > K+순으로 높았다. 다층토주의 이온용출 후 표토의 화학성은 모든 토주에서 EC가 0.31 dS m<SUP>-1 </SUP>이하로 감소하여 시험전의 33.9 dS m<SUP>-1</SUP>에 비해 99% 이상 저하되었다. 토양의 치환성 Na는 0.1~0.2 cmolc ㎏<SUP>-1</SUP> 범위로 시험전에 비해 95~96% 감소하였고, 반면 치환성 Ca는 2.56~2.96 cmolc ㎏<SUP>-1</SUP> 범위로 시험 전 대비 98~129% 증가하였다. To investigate desalinization patterns of surface reclaimed saline-sodic soil (RSSS) with subsurface layer of macroporous medium, multi-layered soil columns were constructed. For the multi-layered soil columns, gypsum was treated at the rate of 5 cmolc ㎏<SUP>-1</SUP> in surface (top) while coal bottom ash (CBA) was placed into intermediate layer below the gypsum-treated surface soils followed by the reclaimed saline-sodic soil as bottom layer (BL). The lengths of top soil was 30 cm long while the lengths of the CBA were 20 and 30 cm long. The saturated hydraulic conductivities (Ksat) were 0.39x10<SUP>-4</SUP> and 0.31×10<SUP>-4</SUP> cm sec<SUP>-1</SUP> for RSSS(30 cm)-CBA(20 cm)-BL(20 cm) and RSSS(30 cm)-CBA(20 cm)-RSSS(20 cm), respectively while the lowest Ksat. was 0.064x10<SUP>-4</SUP> cm sec<SUP>-1</SUP> for RSSS(30 cm)-CBA(20 cm)+BL(20 cm). The time required to reach the lowest EC in eluent, 0.3 dS m<SUP>-1</SUP> from 33.9 dS m<SUP>-1</SUP> was shorter in multi-layered soil columns with GR-CBA than that of RS-SRS, representing that rate of desalinization was greater than 99%. Exchangeable Na decreased by 94.8~96.2 %, while exchangeable Ca increased by 98~129 %.