VTS 관제구역 해양사고 분석

유상록,김지관,정재용 한국항해항만학회 2012 한국항해항만학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2012 No.공동학술

해양사고 신속대응을 위한 k-평균 군집화 기반 경비함정 최적배치

유상록,정초영 해양환경안전학회 2017 해양환경안전학회지 Vol.23 No.7

현 경비 함정의 위치는 해양사고 위치와의 접근성이 떨어져 있어 합리적이고 과학적인 기준이 아닌 주관적인 판단으로 배치되어 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 과거 해양사고 데이터를 기반으로 정량적으로 최적의 경비 함정 배치 위치를 도출하고자 한다. 연구 해역은 포항 연안을 대상으로 하였다. 본 연구에서는 k-평균 군집화 알고리즘으로 경비 함정의 배치 위치를 도출한 후, 보로노이 다이어그램으로 각 경비 함정 간 경비 구역을 구획하였다. 연구 결과, 해양사고 1건당 경비 함정의 평균 항해 거리는 4.4해리, 평균 도착 시간은 13.2분이 개선될 수 있었다. 경비 함정을 유동적으로 배치 수를 달리해야 할 경우 본 연구에서 적용한 기법을 활용하여 최적 배치가 가능하며, 신속한 구조 지원 체계가 더욱 확보될 것으로 판단된다. The position of existing patrol ships has been decided according to subjective judgments, not purely by any reasonable or scientific criteria, because of a lack of access to marine accident positions. In this study, the optimal location of patrol ships is quantitatively determined based on historical marine accident data. The study area used included the coastal sea of Pohang in South Korea. In this study, a k-means clustering algorithm was used to derive the location of patrol ships, and then a Voronoi diagram was used to divide the region around each patrol ship. As a result, the average navigation distance for patrol ships was improved by 4.4 nautical miles, and the average arrival time was improved by 13.2 minutes per marine accident. Moreover, if the locations of patrol ships need to be changed flexibly, it will be possible to optimally arrange limited resources using the technique developed in this study to ensure a fast rescue.

AIS 데이터를 활용한 제주지역 VTS 관제구역 설정

유상록,김광일 한국항해항만학회 2022 한국항해항만학회지 Vol.46 No.3

On the Jeju coast, international cruise ships, passenger ships, and other ships pass frequently, as well as many fishing boats. Thus, there is a high risk of marine accidents and frequent ship collisions. Accordingly, it is urgent to establish a coastal VTS for systematic safety management of ships passing through the coastal waters of Jeju. The purpose of this study was to set the area of the VTS to be newly established. In this study, to calculate the workload of the VTS operators, a formula was proposed that reflects the monitoring workload considering the monitoring frequency and required time for target as well as non-target ships and the workload for ship collision situations. The proposed formula was applied to the newly established VTS area in Jeju. Three control sectors were set up in each VTS center. The average number of workstations per hour was approximately 1, so the division between sectors was appropriate. Thus, it was deduced that there would be no workload for the VTS operators. It is expected that the method proposed in this study can be used as primary data for calculating the appropriate number of workstations for the current VTS, and setting the VTS area for a new coastal VTS in the future. 제주 연안은 국제크루즈선, 여객선, 유‧도선 등의 통항이 빈번하고 조업 어선이 많아 해양사고 위험성이 높고 선박 충돌사고가 빈번히 발생하고 있다. 이에 따라 제주 연안 해역을 통항하는 선박의 체계적인 안전관리를 위해 연안 VTS 구축이 시급하다. 본 연구의 목적은 신설될 제주지역 연안 VTS의 관제구역을 설정하고자 한다. 관제사의 업무부하를 측정하기 위해 관제대상 선박과 비관제대상 선박에 대한 모니터링 빈도 및 소요시간 등을 고려한 모니터링 업무량과 선박충돌 조우상황 등에 대한 관제업무량을 반영한 산정식을 설계하여 신설될 제주지역 VTS의 각 관제섹터에 적용하였다. 각 VTS 센터에 3개의 관제섹터를 설정하였으며, AIS 데이터 한 달 치를 이용하여 시간당 평균 관제석을 분석한 결과, 1석 내외로 나타나 섹터간 구획 획정은 적절하여 관제사의 업무부하는 없는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구에서 제안한 방법은 현재 운영 중인 VTS의 적정 관제석 산출 및 향후 신설될 연안 VTS의 관제구역 설정 등에 기초자료로 활용할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

A Study on Traffic Safety Assessments for Fishing Vessels Near the Southwest Sea Offshore Wind Farm

유상록,정재용 해양환경안전학회 2017 해양환경안전학회지 Vol.23 No.3

The purpose of this study was to analyze traffic safety assessments for fishing vessels near the southwest offshore wind farm. This study applied a collision model for safety assessment. It also involved a spatiotemporal analysis of vessels engaged in fishing to identify fishing hotspots around the offshore wind farm. This study used data from fishing vessel location transmission devices gathered over 1 year in 2014. As a result, in September, when the average number of vessels engaged in fishing is high, 62 ships were operating in fishing section 184-6 and 55 ships in section 184-6. In addition, in fishing sections 184-8 and 192-2, where an offshore wind farm was located, there were 55 and 38 ships operating, respectively. As the recovery period for a seaway near wind farm turbines is 55 years, it was determined that safety measures are required in order to reduce collision frequency while allowing fishing vessels to navigate through offshore wind farms. Meanwhile, the return period of Seaway B between the groups of generators considered was 184 years. A safety zone for offshore wind farms should be installed covering a distance of at least 0.3 NM from the boundary of turbines. Then, the collision return period was derived to be close to 100 years. Through this traffic safety assessment, it has been concluded that such measures would help prevent marine accidents.

연안VTS 설치에 따른 사고 감소효과 분석

유상록,정초영 해양환경안전학회 2018 해양환경안전학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2018 No.06

군산항 항로횡단 해저케이블 해상교통안전진단

유상록,정재용 한국항해항만학회 2012 한국항해항만학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2012 No.공동학술

시계제한시 선박 출항통제규정 개선에 관한 실증적 연구 –평택항을 중심으로–

유상록,정재용 해양환경안전학회 2018 해양환경안전학회지 Vol.24 No.7

The purpose of this study is to improve the current vessel departure control regulations to prevent traffic congestion after the lifting of vessel departure controls due to restricted visibility. AIS data was collected to analyze the traffic volume of normal traffic flow and after departure control. A statistical test was conducted to confirm the difference in traffic volume at peak hours according to whether or not departure control was used. The results of the t-test showed that there was a significant difference in traffic volume among groups of less than 10,000 tons in gross tonnage. However, the Mann-Whitney test showed no difference in traffic volume regardless of vessel control. Small and medium-sized vessels of less than 10,000 tons after departure control increased in traffic volume by 142% over normal traffic, and it was concluded that traffic congestion resulted as these small and medium-sized vessels were departing at the same time as large vessels of more than 10,000 tons. In order to prevent vessel collision accidents due to traffic congestion, it is suggested that the navigability of vessels less than 160 m or less than 10,000 tons should be improved. 본 연구는 시계제한으로 인한 선박 출항통제 해제 후 교통량이 폭주하는 것을 예방하기 위해 현 선박통제규정을 개선하고자 하였다. 평상시의 교통량과 출항통제 해제 후의 교통량를 분석하기 위해 AIS 데이터를 수집하였다. 출항통제 유무에 따른 피크시간 교통량의 차이를 확인하기 위하여 통계검정을 실시하였다. 연구결과 1만톤 미만 그룹에서는 t-test를 실시한 결과, 유의미한 교통량의 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 1만톤 이상 그룹에서는 Mann-Whitney test 결과, 선박 통제 유무에 따른 교통량의 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 출항통제 해제 후 1만톤 미만의 중소형 선박들은 평상시 보다 교통량이 142% 증가하여 1만톤 이상 대형선박과 동시에 출항하게 됨에 따라 교통 폭주를 야기한 것으로 분석되었다. 이러한 교통량 폭주에 따른 선박 충돌사고 개연성을 미연에 방지하고자 현 규정을 길이 160m 미만 또는 총톤수 1만톤 미만의 선박은 항해 가능하도록 개선할 것을 제언하였다.

물때에 따른 해상교통특성에 관한 연구

유상록,정초영,정재용,Yoo, Sang-Lok,Jeong, Cho-Young,Jeong, Jae-Yong The Korean Society of Marine Environment and safet 2015 해양환경안전학회지 Vol.21 No.5

This study seeks to analyze ships traffic characteristics according to water time in order to provide the necessary data for efficient traffic management development. To analyze maritime traffic volume according to water time, 1 year amount of solar calendar data were converted into lunar calendar, and then applied the traditional water time system of West Sea by using AIS(Automatic Identification System) observation data gathered in Mokpo port for a year of 2013. As a result, it was found herein that the number of outbound ships was larger on the $2^{nd}-3^{nd}$ water times than the $7^{th}$ water times by 23-24 %. And the number of inbound ships was higher on the $12^{th}-13^{th}$ water times than the $9^{th}$ water time by 29-33 %. The hourly variation index of inbound and outbound ships according to time, in particular, was found to change in the form of sine function model. This study is expected to serve as a necessary basic material for development of maritime traffic management according to water time. 본 연구는 물때에 따른 교통특성을 분석하여 선박통항관리 개발에 필요한 자료를 제공하고자 한다. 목포항의 1년간 선박자동식별장치 자료를 사용하였다. 물때에 따른 교통량을 분석하기 위해 목포항의 1년간의 선박자동식별장치의 양력 데이터를 음력으로 변환한 후, 서해안의 구전 물때를 적용하였다. 연구 결과, 출항선박은 2-3물때 교통량이 7물때 보다 약 23-24 % 많고, 입항선박은 12-13물때 교통량이 9물때 보다 약 29-33 % 많았다. 특히, 시간의 변화에 따른 물때별 변동지수는 sine 함수의 형태로 변화하였다. 본 연구는 물때에 따른 선박통항관리 개발에 필요한 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

해양사고 예방을 위한 양식어장 해도 표기에 관한 연구

유상록,정종철 한국해양수산개발원 2017 해양정책연구 Vol.32 No.2

Aquaculture farm damage continually occurs every year. Further, ship propeller failure due to the aquaculture farm damage may also happen. In this study, the present situation regarding the marking of aquaculture farms on nautical charts is examined, and the necessity of marking nautical charts from the viewpoint of the ship’s navigator is presented empirically. The season and location of the damages to the aquaculture farm were investigated and compared with the information chart for aquaculture farm and the appropriate nautical chart. Also, we boarded a ship and observed the difficulty when navigating the area where the aquaculture farms are focused. As a result of analyzing the ship’s trajectory, the aquaculture farms were not marked on the nautical chart. Thus, it was revealed that the ship’s navigators had misjudged it as a navigatable section of the sea. In particular, Maro sea voyages always present the danger of damage to the aquaculture farms because they are not marked on nautical charts. Besides, it was found that due to the narrow width of the route, care should be taken on any voyage on the Maro sea. Therefore, it is more urgent to issue nautical charts reflecting the current aquaculture farm locations.

주요항만의 실측조사 기반 해상교통혼잡도 평가 연구

유상록,정초영,김철승,박성현,정재용,Yoo, Sang-Rok,Jeong, Cho-Young,Kim, Chol-Seong,Park, Sung-Hyun,Jeong, Jae-Yong 해양환경안전학회 2013 해양환경안전학회지 Vol.19 No.5

본 연구는 우리나라 전국 무역항 중 입항 선박이 많은 주요 4개 항만을 선정하여 10일간의 AIS 실측 자료를 분석하였다. 실측 조사로 산출한 주요항만의 피크시간 혼잡도는 시간당 평균혼잡도 보다 약 3.8~5.7배 높게 나타났다. 이는 기존의 Port-MIS 통계자료로 울산항 본항의 해상교통혼잡도를 평가한 선행연구 사례에서 피크시간 혼잡도가 시간당 평균혼잡도 보다 약 1.7배 높은 것과는 많은 차이가 있어 현 항로의 교통특성을 왜곡하는 문제를 확인할 수 있다. 따라서 해상교통혼잡도를 평가할 때에는 Port-MIS 통계자료보다 실측조사를 기반으로 해상교통혼잡도를 산출하는 것이 타당하다고 본다. In this study, we analyzed AIS measured data for ten days by selecting the four main ports with many ships arriving in the national ports. The peak time congestion of the main ports, calculated by survey research, was about 3.8-5.7 times higher than the hourly average congestion. This is very different from the results of the advanced research, evaluating the marine traffic congestion of the Ulsan main port based on the existing Port-MIS statistical data, which showed a peak time congestion of about 1.7 times higher than the hourly average. This identifies the problem of distorting the traffic characteristics of the current passage. Therefore, in order to evaluate marine traffic congestion, it would be more appropriate to calculate it based on survey research, rather than Port-MIS statistical data.