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유광원,황종현,금종화,이경행,Yu, Kwang-Won,Hwang, Jong-Hyun,Keum, Jong-Hwa,Lee, Kyung-Haeng 한국식품영양학회 2016 韓國食品營養學會誌 Vol.29 No.5
To enhance the physiological activities and reduce the off-flavor of garlic in kimchi, we manufactured kimchi seasoning replaced with 25~75% black garlic, we evaluated microbiological, physico-chemical and sensory evaluation. The changes of total aerobic and lactic acid bacteria were similar between the control and the kimchi seasoning replaced with black garlic during storage periods. The lightness of the kimchi seasoning replaced with black garlic was lower than that of the control and decrease of lightness was proportional to the concentration of black garlic. The redness and yellowness of the kimchi seasoning replaced with black garlic were decreased to the concentration of added black garlic and changes of the redness in all the samples were slightly increased during storage periods. But the yellowness did not change during storage periods. The changes of pH and acidity did not differ between the control and the samples of replaced with black garlic during storage periods. The sensory parameters including taste and flavor did not differ among treatments during storage periods. But color and overall acceptance of the control and sample replaced with 25% black garlic were higher than those of the samples replaced with 50 and 75% black garlic.
가시오가피와 감초 추출물을 첨가한 저 나트륨 김치의 발효특성과 면역 활성능
유광원,서형주,황종현,Yu, Kwang-Won,Suh, Hyung-Joo,Hwang, Jong-Hyun 한국식품영양학회 2012 韓國食品營養學會誌 Vol.25 No.4
This study investigated the fermentative characteristics and immunomodulating activity in Kimchi added with various salts (salt replacement and herb-salt with Acanthopanax senticosus and Glycyrrhizae uralensis) for the reduction of Na concentration in Kimchi. Kimchi using a salt replacement and herb-salt showed a higher level of acidity (0.8~0.84%) than that of the control (0.7%) at 7-day fermentation. Kimchi using a salt replacement and herb-salt showed a lower level of salinity (1.72~1.98%) than that of control (2.3~2.57%) during fermentation. The growth of Lactobacillus spp. and Leuconostoc spp. recorded the highest level ($2.3{\times}10^8$ and $2.8{\times}10^6cfu/g$, respectively) in control at 6 day-fermentation. However, those levels in Kimchi prepared with salt replacement and herb-salt were $3.5{\sim}5.4{\times}10^8$ and $6.1{\times}10^6cfu/g$, respectively. It is assumed that the high level of acidity of Kimchi prepared with salt replacement and herb-salt was caused by the increase in the growth of Lactobacillus spp. and Leuconostoc spp.. When the macrophage stimulating activity of salt replacement kimchi (Salt-R kimchi) supplemented with hot-water extract from Acanthopanax sentisus (AS) or Glycyrrhiza uralensis (GU) was investigated on aging period, Salt-RA kimchi with AS 5% at 6 days (2.78-fold of saline control at $100{\mu}g/m{\ell}$) and Salt-RG kimchi with GU 5% at 9 days (2.02-fold) significantly increased compared to the Salt-RA kimchi without AS or GU. In addition, Salt-RAG kimchi with AS 3% and GU 3% improved the bitter taste of Salt-RA and potently stimulated the macrophage at 6 days (1.28-fold of Salt-R kimchi) even though its activity was lower than Salt-RA (5%, 1.39-fold).
이경행,유광원,배윤정,김채영,주가영,윤지혜,Lee, Kyung-Haeng,Yu, Kwang-Won,Bae, Yun-Jung,Kim, Chae-Young,Joo, Ga-Young,Yun, Ji-Hye 한국식품영양학회 2021 韓國食品營養學會誌 Vol.34 No.3
Centella asiatica (CA) is a vegetable that has been used for medicinal purposes for a long time, but it is not well known in Korea. In this study, the approximate analysis, physicochemical properties, free sugars, free amino acids and minerals of native and improved CA cultivated in Chungju area were measured. And the antioxidant contents and activities of CA solvent extracts were measured. There was no significant difference between native and improved species. As for the characteristics of CA, it was confirmed that the improved species had a large weight, size and a tough texture. Glucose was detected in native CA, fructose, glucose and sucrose were detected in improved species. A total of 15 free amino acids were detected and the content was slightly higher in improved species than in native species. The mineral content in CA was slightly higher in the improved species, and the detected minerals were Na, P, Ca, K, Mg and Fe. Polyphenols, ascorbic acid and flavonoids in each extraction solvent (water, 70% and 100% ethanol) were all higher in the improved species than in native species. And it was found that the antioxidant activities of ethanol extracts were higher than that of water.
김치 유래 유산균 포스트바이오틱스 분획물의 대식세포 활성화
정원비(Won Bi Jeong),김연숙(Yeon Suk Kim),신현영(Hyun Young Shin),신지영(Ji-Young Shin),신광순(Kwang-Soon Shin),유광원(Kwang-Won Yu) 한국유산균프로바이오틱스학회 2024 Current Topic in Lactic Acid Bacteria and Probioti Vol.10 No.1
To suggest the development possibility of immunostimulating materials from lactic acid bacteria (LAB) postbiotics, Lactobacillus sakei/Leuconostoc mesenteroides were isolated from Kimchi. Next, two isolated LAB were cultured to prepare postbiotics (LABP) to measure macrophage activity. LABP significantly increased the production of macrophage stimulating factors such as nitric oxide, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-6. LABP-crude polysaccharides (CP) fractionated from LABP by EtOH precipitation not only showed more potent macrophage stimulating activity but also induced phagocytic activity in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, LABP-CP was identified as polysaccharides with a major monosaccharide composition of mannose (59.1%), glucose (23.0%), and galactose (14.0%) with high-molecular-weight of 103.5~126.7 kDa. In conclusion, postbiotics prepared from LAB isolated from Kimchi were confirmed to have industrial applications as a functional material with immunostimulating activity.
사과와 꽃사과의 구성 아미노산, 무기질 조성 및 항산화 활성 비교
이경행,유광원,배윤정,주가영,김채영,Lee, Kyung-Haeng,Yu, Kwang-Won,Bae, Yun-Jung,Joo, Ga-Young,Kim, Chae-Young 한국식품영양학회 2022 韓國食品營養學會誌 Vol.35 No.5
To confirm the applicability of crab apple, the composition and content of amino acids and minerals with 'Fuji' apple were measured. Apple and crab apple were extracted with water, 70% and 100% ethanol, respectively. The contents of polyphenols, flavonoids, and ascorbic acid, antioxidant activities of these extracts were measured. The amino acid composition of apples comprised a total of 17 amino acids. The total amino acid contents of apple and crab apple were 2,050.45 mg/kg and 900.05 mg/kg, respectively. For minerals, the total mineral content of apple and crab apple were 489.14 mg%, 529.77 mg%, respectively. The contents of polyphenols, flavonoids, and ascorbic acid of apple and crab apple extracts were highest in 70% ethanol extracts. The content of polyphenols, the crab apple extract, showed a generally higher content than the apple extract. The content of flavonoids, apple and crab apple extracts revealed no difference between extracts. The content of ascorbic acid, apple extract showed a generally higher content than the crab apple extract, but there was no significant difference between extracts. In the case of DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging abilities, 70% ethanol extract showed the highest antioxidant activity, and crab apple showed higher activity than apple extracts.
귤피로부터 분리한 마우스의 장관면역 활성 다당류의 검색
양현석(Hyun-Seuk Yang),유광원(Kwang-Won Yu),최양문(Yang-Mun Choi) 한국식품영양과학회 2004 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.33 No.9
90여종의 전통차 및 죽류용 식물로부터 조제된 다양한 용매추출물 중에서, 귤피(peels of C. unshiu)의 냉수추출물 (CUI-0)이 Peyer’s patch를 매개로 한 가장 높은 장관면역 활성을 나타내었으며 다시마(L. japonica), 둥글레(P. japonicum), 탱자(P. trifoliata)의 냉수추출물과 구기자(L. chinense) 및 치자(G. jasminoides)의 열수추출물을 제외한 나머지 식물의 용매추출물은 거의 활성을 가지지 못하였다. CUI-0는 MeOH-가용성 획분(CUI-1), MeOH-불가용성이면서 EtOH-가용성 획분(CUI-2)과 조다당 획분(CUI-3)으로 분획되었다. 이러한 획분들 중 CUI-3은 Peyer’s patch 세포를 매개로 하는 골수세포 증식의 자극활성이 가장 높았으며 arabinose, galacturonic acid, galactose, glucose, glucuronic acid와 rhmanose(molar ratio; 1.00:0.53:0.45:0.28:0.28:0.19) 등을 주요 구성당으로 함유하고 있었으며 소량의 단백질(9.4%)도 구성물질로 포함된 활성 획분임이 밝혀졌다. CUI-3의 장관면역 활성은 pronase 및 periodate 처리에 의해 감소되었으며 특히 periodate 산화는 CUI-3의 활성에 심각한 영향을 끼치는 것을 알 수 있었다. 활성 획분으로서 당 함량이 높은 CUI-3IIb-3-2는 DEAE-Sepharose FF, Sepharose CL-6B 및 Sephacryl S-200에 의해 귤피 냉수추출물의 조다당 획분으로부터 정제되었으며 HPLC에 의해 분자량 약 18,000 Da의 단일 peak임을 확인하였다. CUI-3IIb-3-2는 주로 arabinose, galactose, rhamnose, galacturonic acid와 glucuronic acid(molar ratio; 1.00:0.54:0.28:1.45:0.63) 등의 구성당으로 구성되어져 있었으며 소량의 단백질(3.2%)이 함유되어진 물질로 구성되어 있었다. 한편 CUI- 3IIb-3-2는 Peyer’s patch를 경유하였을 때만 골수세포 증식활성을 나타내었으며 활성물질 자체가 직접 골수세포 증식활성에 관여하지는 않는것으로 확인되었다. 이러한 결과로부터 귤피의 장관면역 활성은 측쇄에 arabinose와 galactose 등의 중성당이 결합된 polygalacturonan 구조를 갖는 펙틴계통의 다당류에 기인하고 있음을 보여주었다. Of solvent-extracts prepared from the 90 kinds of Korean traditional tea and rice gruel plants, cold-water extract from peels of Citrus unshiu (CUI-0) showed the most potent intestinal immune system modulating activity through Peyer’s patch whereas other extracts did not have the activity except for cold-water extracts of Laminaria japonica, Polygonatum japonicum, Poncirus trifoliata, and hot-water extracts of Gardenia jasminoides, Lycium chinense having intermediate activity. CUI-0 was further fractionated into MeOH-soluble fraction (CUI-1), MeOH insoluble and EtOH-soluble fraction (CUI-2), and crude polysaccharide fraction (CUI-3). Among these fractions, CUI-3 showed the most potent stimulating activity for the proliferation of bone marrow cells mediated by Peyer’s patch cells, and contained arabinose, galacturonic acid, galactose, glucose, glucuronic acid and rhamnose (molar ratio; 1.00:0.53:0.45:0.28:0.28:0.19) as the major sugars, and a small quantity of protein (9.4%). In treatments of CUI-3 with pronase and periodate (NaIO₄), the intestinal immune system modulating activity of CUI-3 was significantly reduced, and the activity of CUI-3 was affected by periodate oxidation particularly. The potently active carbohydrate-rich fraction, CUI-3IIb-3-2 was further purified by anion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-Sepharose FF, Sepharose CL-6B and Sephacryl S-200. CUI-3IIb-3-2 was eluted as a single peak on HPLC and its molecular weight was estimated to be 18,000 Da. CUI-3IIb-3-2 was consisted mainly of arabinose, galactose, rhamnose, galacturonic acid and glucuronic acid (molar ratio;1.00:0.54:0.28:1.45:0.63) in addition to a small amount of proteins (3.2%). In addition, CUI-3IIb-3-2 showed the activity only through Peyer’s patch cells, but this fraction did not directly stimulate proliferation of bone marrow cells. It may be concluded that intestinal immune system modulating activity of peels from C. unshiu is caused by pectic polysaccharides having a polygalacturonan moiety with neutral sugars such as arabinose and galactose.
윤진아(Jin-A Yoon),유광원(Kwang-Won Yu),전우진(Woo-Jin Jun),조홍연(Hong-Yon Cho),손용석(Young-Suk Son),양한철(Han-Chul Yang) 한국식품영양과학회 2000 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.29 No.5
국내산 해조류의 항응고 활성 검색에 의해 활성과 수율면에서 우수한 속초 산 참도박(Pachymeniopsis elliptica)의 열수추출물로부터 70% 에탄올 침전으로 조제된 조다당 획분(PE-2)을 한외여과(PE-2IV), DEAE-Toyopearl650C의 이온교환 column(PE-2IVc), Sepharose CL-6B의 겔여과 column(PE-2IVc-2) 및 Shodex OHpak KB-805 column의 HPLC로 분획하여 710 kDa의 분자량을 갖으면서 galactose(48.6%)와 3, 6-anhydrogalactose(44.0%)로 주로 구성되어 있고 황함량이 27.1%이며 소량의 xylose(3.6%), glucose(1.1%), mannose(1.1%), arabinose(0.8%)와 fucose (0.8%)를 포함하는 다당획분, PE-2IVc-2-1를 정제하였다. 또한 PE-2IVc-2-1의 IR 측정결과, S=O 결합을 나타내는 1116.74 cm-¹와 1143.17 cm-¹와C-O-S 결합의 828.19 cm-¹에서 각각 특이적인 흡수 band를 보임으로써 PE-2IVc-2-1 중에 황산기가 존재하고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 한편, 조다당 획분인 PE-2를 꼬리 정맥에 주사하고 채혈하여 ex vivo로 항응고 활성을 측정한 결과, 생체 내에서 100 mg/kg의 농도까지도 시료량에 의존하는 항응고 활성을 보여주었다. This study was undertaken to purify the anticoagulant polysaccharide from Pachymeniopsis elliptica. The anticoagulant compound (PE-2IVc-2-1) was isolated from the crude polysaccharide (PE-2) by the sequential steps such as ultrafiltration (PE-2IV), anion-exchange chromatography of DEAE-Toyopearl 650C (PE-2IVc), size-exclusion chromatography of Sepharose CL-6B (PE-2IVc-2), and HPLC Shodex OHpak column chromatography (PE-2IVc-2-1). The apparent molecular weight of purified polysaccharide (PE-2IVc-2-1) was approximately 710 kDa. It was mainly composed of galactose (48.6%) and 3,6- anhydrogalactose (44.0%) with 27.1% of sulfate residue, in addition a trace amount of xylose (3.6%), glucose (1.1%), mannose (1.1%), arabinose (0.8%) and fucose (0.8%). The IR sepctrum of the polysaccharide showed the characteristic bands of S=O (1116.74 and 1143.17 cm-¹) and C-O-S (828.19 cm-¹) stretchings, respectively. The anticoagulant effect of PE-2 in ex vivo was proportional to the concentration of in- travenously injected dose, up to 100 mg/kg.
홍국균(Monascus ruber) 균사체-커피생두 발효물로부터 조제된 원두커피의 생리활성
김훈,서형주,신지영,황종현,유광원,Kim, Hoon,Suh, Hyung-Joo,Shin, Ji-Young,Hwang, Jong-Hyun,Yu, Kwang-Won 한국식품영양학회 2016 韓國食品營養學會誌 Vol.29 No.1
To enhance the physiological activities of roasted coffee (RC), 30 kinds of green coffee beans (GCB) with different cultivating areas and varieties were fermented with Monascus ruber mycelium (MR) by solid-state culture. After the dried MR-fermented GCB was subjected medium roasting, each RC was extracted with hot-water. Among the hot-water extracts, the highest yield was the hot-water extract of RC from MR-fermented Indonesia Mandheling GCB (15.5%). However, the hot-water extract of RC from MR-fermented Ethiopia Sidamo GCB showed significantly higher polyphenolic contents (3.08 mg GAE/100 mg) and ABTS free radical scavenging activity (25.41 mg AEAC/100 mg). Meanwhile, the hot-water extract of RC from MR-fermented Vietnam Robusta GCB showed not only the effective inhibition of $TNF-{\alpha}$ level (73.7% inhibition of LPS-stimulated control) from LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells but also significant inhibition of lipogenesis (63.5% inhibition of lipid differentiation control) in 3T3-L1 pre-adipose cells. In conclusion, these results suggest that roasted coffees from Ethiopia Sidamo and Vietnam Robusta green coffee beans fermented with Monascus ruber mycelium using solid-state culture could have industrial applications as functional coffee beverages.
황종현(Jong-Hyun Whang),유광원(Kwang-Won Yu),박성선(Sung-Sun Park),고종호(Jong-Ho Koh),오성훈(Sung-Hoon Oh),서형주(Hyung-Joo Suh),이상화(Sang-Hwa Lee) 한국식품영양과학회 2008 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.37 No.10
산삼배양근 수확 후 저장중의 성분 변화를 측정하였으며, 이를 토대로 저장성 향상을 위해 멸균수, CAMICA-SD와 DF-100에 의한 전처리 및 전처리 후 산미료인 구연산, 산화방지제로서 비타민 C 처리하여 저장연장효과를 측정하였다. 10℃ 저장 중 pH 범위는 6.06~6.36으로써 초기 pH 6.08에 비하여 변화가 적었으나, 20℃와 30℃의 경우에는 pH가 6.91~8.68로써 미생물의 오염에 의한 변질과 함께 pH가 크게 증가하였다. 갈색도 a/b 값 또한 저장온도가 높을수록 증가하여, 초기값 0.131에 비하여 2주 후 10℃와 30℃에서는 각각 0.405와 0.469의 갈색도를 보여주므로써 저온저장이 품질유지에 중요한 요소임을 알 수 있다. 멸균수, 살균제 및 미생물 억제제가 첨가된 용액에 침지처리하고, 10℃에서 2주간 저장하면서 저장기간에 따른 미생물의 변화를 분석한 결과 염소계 살균제인 CAMICA-SD처리수를 이용 침지 처리한 경우 비교적 안정한 균수를 유지하여 보존성의 연장가능성을 보여주었다. CAMICA-SD(500 ppm)용액으로 전처리된 산삼배양근에 DF-100, 구연산, 비타민 C를 첨가하여 10℃에 3주간 저장 시 1.0% CA와 0.2% DF-100을 첨가한 용액에 저장한 경우에는 미생물의 증식이 거의 이루어지지 않고 4.9×10² CFU/g 수준으로써 위생적으로 안전한 상태를 유지하였으며, 갈색도 a/b값도 대조구의 경우 0.38로 크게 증가한 반면 CA와 DF-100처리구는 0.02로써 초기의 색상을 그대로 유지하여 저장안정성이 우수하였다. 따라서 구연산 첨가에 의해 pH를 일정 범위로 조절하고 미생물 생육제어제로서 DF-100을 적정농도로 사용하면 미생물의 오염을 억제하면서 장기간 산삼배양근을 저장할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. Physicochemical changes were investigated for the shelf-life extension of cultured wild-ginseng roots during storage with various pre-treatments with blanching, CAMICA-SD and DF-100 and treatments with citric acid and vitamin C. The pH of cultured wild-ginseng roots showed the range of 6.06~6.42 at 10℃, but showed higher ranges of 6.08~6.91 and 6.08~8.68 at 20 and 30℃, respectively. Browning index (a/b) was increased with increasing storage temperature, and the index at 10 and 30℃ were 0.405 and 0.469 after 2 weeks, respectively. Browning index and viable cell number of CAMICA-SD pre-treatment showed little changes compared to pre-treatment with blanching or DF-100. When the cultured wild-ginseng roots were treated with 1.0% citric acid and 0.2% DF-100 after pre-treatments with CAMICA-SD, viable cell number was slightly increased to 4.9×10² CFU/g for 3 weeks storage at 10℃. The mixture of citric acid and DF-100 was also used to prevent the growth of microbiology and to reduce browning reaction, especially enzymatic browning reaction. The mixture might effectively extend shelf life of the cultured wild-ginseng roots.