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근대스포츠의 수용과 전통스포츠의 근대화 양상에 관한 연구
오정석 한국체육사학회 1997 체육사학회지 Vol.2 No.-
The purpose of this study was to consider on the development aspects and the characters of Korean folk game at modernization era. In that context both the meaning of modernization in the history of Korea entering to the modern times and the formation and character of modern sports are covered in this study. Modernity generally means as both historical and philosophical concept. Historically, modern times is placed behind the ancient times and the medieval times. Philosophically, it could stand for the "Enlightement" which included three specific notions - credit for reason change in point of view for nature, belif in progressiveness by science. With unorganized structure, sports or game have made preperatory roles for the appearance of modern sports until 18 century. But late 18 century, the folk game or pre-modern sports began to weaken, which was probably influenced by agricultural revolution. Meanwhile modern sports came to have a firm stand in England first through 18th, 19th century and gradually began to be spread into America and some European countries. Korea shows unique situation that tradition and modernity coexist thanks to much shorter period in modernization process than Western countries. That brought about sudden changes in many fields as well as in the field of sports.
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오정석,김현영 SH공사 도시연구원 2020 주택도시연구 Vol.10 No.2
The purpose of this study was to examine the current status of management fee by type of public rental housing in Seoul, and to analyze the level of administrative expenses per ㎡ compared to similar complexes (similar private apartments such as the number of households and area). In addition, residents of public rental housing were poor or socially disadvantaged, so they tried to find ways to alleviate the economic burden. As a result of the analysis, the permanent rental housing in Seoul was slightly higher compared to the similar complexes. This is because the characteristics of permanent rental housing, that is, the elderly, the handicapped, and the low-income, have a high quality and quality of housing services. There are several ways to lower the cost of managing the rental of public rental housing. The most effective is to reduce the number of management staff, expenses, and cleaning staff. However, rather than using this method, it was proposed to reduce the economic burden of residents by using subsidies for management fee and reducing electricity bills. In the subsidy policy for management fees, first, it was suggested to first preserve 60% of the miscellaneous income by complex as management fee, second, to activate employment support projects for residents in rental housing, and third, to expand support for management fee for medical and livelihood benefit recipients. As a way to reduce the cost of joint electricity, first, the electricity rental contract method of public rental housing was changed from a comprehensive contract to a single contract method, second, the industrial electric machine was replaced with a peak meter, and third, electricity consumption monitoring and early warning systems were established. It was proposed to utilize the renewable energy installation project as much as possible. 이 연구는 서울시 공공임대주택의 유형별 관리비 현황을 살펴보고, 유형별 ㎡당 관리비 단가가 유사단지(세대수, 면적 등 유사한 민간아파트)와 비교할 때 어떤 수준인지를 분석하고자 하였다. 또한 공공임대주택 입주민들은 빈곤층이거나 사회적 약자층이 주로 거주하는 곳이므로 경제적 부담을 완화하는 방안을 모색해보고자 하였다. 분석결과, 서울시 영구임대주택이 유사단지와 단가 비교시 인건비성 관리비가 다소 높게 나타났다. 이런 경우, 공공임대주택의 관리비 단가를 낮추는 방법으로 가장 효율적인 것은 관리직원, 경비, 청소인원 등을 줄이는 방법이다. 다만, 영구임대주택이라는 특성, 즉 노인 및 장애인, 저소득층이 많이 입주하여 밀도 높은 주거서비스가 이뤄지는 것을 감안할 때, 인건비성 관리비의 감축보다 관리비 보조정책의 활용 및 전기료 절감 등을 통해 입주민들의 경제적 부담을 완화하는 방안을 제안하였다. 관리비 보조정책에서는 첫째, 단지별 잡수입의 60%를 관리비로 우선 보전하는 방법, 둘째, 임대주택 입주민을 대상으로 한 고용지원사업 활성화, 셋째, 의료 및 생계급여수급자의 관리비 지원 확대 등을 제안하였다. 공동전기료 절감방안으로는 첫째, 행복주택의 전기료 계약방식을 종합계약에서 단일계약방식으로 변경, 둘째, 일부단지의 산업용전기계량기를 피크 계량기로 교체, 셋째, 전기사용량 모니터링 및 조기경보체계 구축, 넷째, 태양광패널 등 신재생에너지 설치사업을 최대한 활용하는 방안을 제안하였다.
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단일 스텝 스핀 코팅 방법에서 증발 제어 공정 변경에 따른 페로브스카이트 박막 물성 및 태양 전지 소자 특성 변화에 관한 연구
오정석,권남희,차덕준,양정엽 한국물리학회 2018 새물리 Vol.68 No.11
The one-step spin coating method is reported as an excellent thin film process because it can be easily used to fabricate high-quality methyl-ammonium lead tri-iodide (MAPbI$_3$) perovskite layers. One of the important things in the one-step spin coating method towards obtaining high-quality MAPbI$_3$ layers is the anti-solvent (AS) engineering, which consists of an one-step deposition of the MAPbI$_3$ film and dripping of the AS. The properties of the MAPbI$_3$ layer were found to be strongly influenced by the amount, dispensing speed, and spraying time of the AS solution. The MAPbI$_3$ solution was prepared by dissolving lead iodide and methyl-ammonium iodide in N,N-dimethylformamide and adding N,N-dimethyl sulfoxide. Diethyl ether (DE) was used for the AS solution. The results indicate that a MAPbI$_3$ layer appropriately sprayed with DE is beneficial for improving film quality and device efficiency because nucleation of MAPbI$_3$ layer is affected by the characteristics of DE, which affect the film's crystallinity, density, and surface morphology. The MAPbI$_3$ layer, which was optimized by using 0.7 mL of DE, a 3.03 mL/sec dispensing speed, and a 7 second time to spray after spinning showed the best efficiency of 13.74%, which was reproducible. 단일 스텝 스핀 코팅 (one-step spin coating) 공정은 MAPbI$_3$ 페로브스카이트 (Perovskite) 박막의 결정화가 우수하여 고효율 태양 전지 제작이 가능하다. 이 공정의 핵심은 솔벤트 증발 제어 공정을 사용하는 것인데, 이는 스핀 코팅 시 MAPbI$_3$의 용해도를 증가 시킬 수 있는 용매를 투입하는 (dripping) 방식이다. 본 연구에서 용매의 양, 투입속도 및 시간에 따라 생성되는 MAPbI$_3$의 특성을 분석하고, 이렇게 만들어진 박막을 이용한 태양 전지 특성을 조사하였다. MAPbI$_3$ 박막 형성을 위하여 lead iodide, methyl-ammonium iodide를 N,N-dimethylformamide에 녹이고, N,N-dimethyl sulfoxide를 첨가하여 용액을 만들었으며, 증발 제어 공정을 위한 용매로 diethyl ether (DE)를 사용하였다. DE의 투입 조건에 따라 MAPbI$_3$ 박막 형성 시 핵 생성에 차이가 생기고, 이는 MAPbI$_3$의 결정화, 밀도 및 표면 상태에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며, 이에 따라 태양 전지의 효율이 달라지는 것을 알 수 있었다. 0.7 mL의 DE의 양, 3.03 mL/sec 투입 속도, 7초(스핀 코팅 시작 후 투입시간)의 솔벤트 증발 제어 공정 결과 최대 13.74% 효율을 가지는 태양 전지 소자를 재현성 있게 관측할 수 있었다.
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오정석 한국체육사학회 1996 체육사학회지 Vol.1 No.-
The purpose of this study was, by investigating the development of physical education as an academic discipline, to provide the future direction of physical education as an academic discipline and explore an aspect of research methodology in physical education as an academic discipline. In the 1960s, based on Henry's argument regarding academic appropriateness, there was a movement to boots the adademic validity of physical education as an academic discipline which resulted in physical education being bifurcated into science and education fields. As a result, physical educatior identified and treated its related subject matter through the academic logic and techniques of existing disciplines such as the natural science, humanities, and social science. This dependency on existing disciplines was adopted in lieu of investigating and developing origina methods based on the content of physical education's existing body of knowledge. This has resulted in a shift in the direction of the mother discipline of physical education away from any earnest consideration of knowledge derived from physical education toward an objective, scientific treatment of the phenomenon of human movement and its attendant considerations. Through a re-evaluation of the current state of physical education, this paper, therefore, attempted to illuminate the estrangement of physical education from its core concern, that is the value deribed from the movement of human being. Furthermore, an attempt was made to identify the aspects of physical education which are unique only to physical education, i.e., knowledge derived from human movement or from the physical dimension of humna existence. Through this attempt, it is possible to restore to a clear concept and direction of physical education as to its mother discipline and research methodology. This must be done in the hope that this type of research might help physical education recover its original birth right which was the harmonization of human knowledge with human movement through understanding and enhancing the relationship between the two.
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