발생중인 흰쥐 간에서의 Metallothionein 발현에 관한 면역세포화학적 연구

오승한,안영모,신길상,김완종,Oh, Seung-Han,Ahn, Young-Mo,Shin, Kil-Sang,Kim, Wan-Jong 한국현미경학회 2004 Applied microscopy Vol.34 No.3

Metallothionein (MT) is a family of ubiquitous, low molecular weight (6-7 kDa), cysteine-rich protein with a high affinity to metal ions and has no aromatic amino acids and histidine. Some of the known functions of MT include detoxification of heavy metals and alkylating agents and neutralization of free radicals. Also, this protein may affect a number of cellular processes including gene expression, apoptosis, proliferation and differentiation. But, its actual functions are still not clear. The present study was undertaken to examine immunocytochemically the localization of MT in developing rat liver. On the day 11 of gestation, the fetal rat liver has already been formed and contained numerous oval cells with high nuclear cytoplasmic ratio, which were the progenitors of hepatic parenchymal cells, but no reaction products of MT were detected at this time. And then, positive reactions against MT started to appear predominantly in the parenchymal cells of liver from the 13th day after gestation. Reaction products, immunogold particles or brown coloration, were localized at both the nucleus and the cytoplasm of the parenchymal cells, except mitochondria. The intensity of this reaction gradually increased, and exhibited the strongest at birth. The intensity of MT staining and immunogold labelling diminished with growth, and by the 15th day after birth weak positive reaction was observed in the cells. In brief, positive reactions for MT were observed in the oval cells and the parenchymal cells during fetal stage, meanwhile they were present only in the parenchymal cells after birth. The present results suggest that MT possibly involves parechymal cell proliferation and differentiation through the storage or the supply of various metal ions in the developing rat liver.

과학기술위성2호 지상관제를 위한 기저대역 제어 시스템 개발

오승한(Sung-Han Oh),오대수(Dae-Soo Oh),오치욱(Chi-Wook Oh) 한국항공우주학회 2006 한국항공우주학회지 Vol.34 No.1

과학기술위성2호(STSAT-2)는 우리기술에 의해 만들어지는 KSLV 발사체에 실리는 첫 위성이다. 현재 STSAT-2의 관제를 위한 지상관제용 제어시스템(GBC)은 EM(Engineering Model)개발이 완료되어 성능검증 까지 마친 상태이며 최종 납품모델을 제작 중에 있다. GBC는 크게 2가지 기능을 가지는데 하나는 지상 수신안테나들(1.5M, 3.7M, 13M)과 관제 컴퓨터들 사이에 연결패스를 자동으로 만들어 주는 것과 다른 하나는 위성과 데이터를 송수신 하는 것이다. GBC는 거의 모든 기능 (MODEM, PROTOCOL, GBC system control)을 FPGA에 담고 있다. GBC의 FPGA에 구현되어있는 MODEM은 두 개의 uplink FSK modulators(1.2[kbps], 9.6[kbps])와 여섯개의 downlink FSK demodulators(9.6[kbps], 38.4[kbps])로 구성되어있다. 과학기술위성 2호의 GBC는 물리적으로 과학기술위성 1호의 관제 시스템보다 매우 작아졌으며 기능은 더 풍부해진 특징을 가지고 있다. 이 논문은 GBC의 구조, 성능, 실험결과에 관한 것이다. STSAT-2 is the first satellite which will be launched by the first Korean Space Launch Vehicle(KSLV). Ground station Baseband Control system(GBC) is now developed for STSAT-2. GBC has two functions. One is control data path between satellite control computers and ground station antennas(1.5M, 3.7M, 13M) automatically. The other is sending and receiving data between ground station and satellite. GBC is implemented by FPGA(Field-Programmable Gate Array) which includes almost all logic(for MODEM, PROTOCOL and GBC system control). MODEM in GBC has two uplink FSK modulators(1.2[kbps], 9.6[kbps]) and six downlink FSK demodulators(9.6[kbps], 38.4[kbps]). In hardware, STSAT-2 GBC is smaller than STSAT-1 GBC. In function, STSAT-2 GBC has more features than STSAT-1 GBC. This paper is about GBC structure, functions and test results.

과학기술위성 3호 S-대역 송신기 인증모델 설계 및 제작

오승한(Seung-Han Oh),서규재(Gyu-jae Seo),오대수(Dae-Soo Oh),이정수(Jung-Soo Lee),오치욱(Chi-Wook Oh) 한국항공우주학회 2010 한국항공우주학회지 Vol.38 No.1

본 논문은 현재 KAIST 인공위성연구센터(SaTReC)에서 개발하고 있는 과학기술위성3호(STSAT-3) 위성본체의 S대역 통신채널 중 송신기 개발에 관하여 서술하고 있다. STSAT-3의 통신시스템은 위성제어 및 상태정보 전송을 위하여 S대역을 사용하며 임무수행용 통신채널로는 X대역을 사용하고 있다. S대역 송신기(S band Transmitter, STX)는 변조기, 주파수 합성기, 파워 앰프, 전력공급기 로 구성되어 있다. 변조 방법으로는 주파수 천이방식(Frequency Shift Keying, FSK)을 사용 하며 위성체와는 RS-422통신 방식을 이용한다. STSAT-3의 STX는 모듈화에 근거하여 설계 및 제작 되었으며 1.5W(31.7dBm) 송신 출력에 1E-5 비트오율(BER) 성능을 만족한다. 현재 성능시험, 환경시험(진동시험, 열진공시험)을 성공적으로 마쳤다. This paper describes the development result of S-band Transmitter of STSAT-3 by satellite research center(SaTReC), KAIST. STSAT-3 has two kinds of communication channels, S- band for Telemetry & Command and X-band for mission payload. S-band Transmiiter(STX) consist of modulator, frequency synthesizer, power amp and DC/DC converter. The modulation scheme of STX is FSK(Frequency Shift Keying). The interface between spacecraft OBC and STX is RS-422. The STX is based on modular design. The RF output power of STX is 1.5W(31.7dBm) and BER of STX is under 1E-5. The Test of STX is completed successfully such as functional Test and environmental(vibration, thermal vacuum) Test.

FPGA를 이용한 위성탑재용 FSK 모뎀 개발에 관한 연구

오승한(Oh Seung Han),오대수(Oh Dae Soo),오치욱(Oh Chi Wook) 한국통신학회 2005 한국통신학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2005 No.11

FRAND 확약 특허권자의 자발적 실시자에 대한 금지청구권의 행사와 독점규제법 위반 책임

오승한 ( Seung Han Oh ) 한국경쟁법학회 2014 競爭法硏究 Vol.29 No.-

Since standardization began to be considered as the tool to increase efficiency of interoperable products or services, such as telecommunication IT products, the problem of hold-up by market dominant standard essential patent (“SEP”) holders has been one of most important issues. Fair, Reasonable, and Non-discriminatory (“FRAND”) commitments has been devised as the method to resolve the problem. The role of the commitments, however, seems to be very limited because of patent proprietors` free violation of the FRAND promise. The SEP owner`s free hold-up leads to the increase of price for the products using standards and makes the standardization retarded seriously. For this reason, competition agencies in the world have tried to investigate whether the SEP patent owners` breach of the FRAND could establish the violation of antitrust law. In particular, recent debating issues are related to the possibility of injunctive relief for SEP holders subject to FRAND commitments and the request of injunctive relief by the SEP owners submitting FRAND commitments should be considered as the exclusionary practice, which establishes antitrust law violations. Actually, the competition agencies recently consider the pursuit of injunctive relief based on the FRAND-encumbered SEPs as a serious competitive concern. In this regard, this essay will review under what circumstances SEP proprietors` seeking injunctive relief should be allowed and should be punished as the acts restraining competition. This study will insist that based on the meaning of the FRAND, a SEP owner submitting FRAND commitments should not be allowed to seek an injunction against an actual or prospective willing licensees who promise to pay the FRAND royalty. Such injunctive relief could be granted only under the circumstance that a licensee is unwilling to negotiate in good faith to reach a FRAND license or does not response to the SEP owner`s offer, which demand FRAND royalty determined impartially by a court or a third party.

티타늄 임플란트 표면처리에서의 나노테크놀로지

오승한(Seunghan Oh) 대한치과의사협회 2010 대한치과의사협회지 Vol.48 No.2

Tissue engineering has been enhanced by advance in biomaterial nature, surface structure and design. In this paper, I report specifically vertically aligned titania (TiO₂) nanotube surface structuring for optimization of titanium implants utilizing nanotechnology. The formation, mechanism, characteristics of titania nanotubes are explained and emerging critical role in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine is reviewed. The main focus of this paper is on the unique 3 dimensional tubular shaped nanostructure of titania and its effects on creating epochal impacts on cell behavior. Particularly, I discuss how different cells cultured on titania nanotube are adhered, proliferated, differentiated and showed phenotypic functionality compared to those cultured on flat titanium. As a matter of fact, the presence of titania nanotube surface structuring on titanium for dental applications had an important effect improving the proliferation and mineralization of osteoblasts in vitro, and enhancing the bone bonding strength with rabbit tibia over conventional titanium implants in vivo. The nano-features of titania nanotubular structure are expected to be advantageous in regulating many positive cell and tissue responses for various tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications.

SK 이동통신의 휴대폰 폐쇄 DRM 장착행위의 경쟁제한성판단 -판례평석: 서울고등법원 2007. 12. 27. 선고 2007누8623 판결 (대법원 2011. 10. 13. 선고 2008두1832 판결 확정)-

오승한 ( Seung Han Oh ) 한국경쟁법학회 2013 競爭法硏究 Vol.28 No.-

This article is written to study and criticize the decision for the case of the abuse of market dominant position by SK Telecom with installing the closed DRM on its MP3 mobile phone. This decision is about `a de facto exclusionary dealing`, which bring anticompetitive effect by foreclosing the market and distribution channel of competitors. Actually, the Supreme Court endorsed the decision of the high court, deciding that mounting the closed DRM on MP3 mobile phone by SK Telecom is a legal practice in spite of its anticompetitive effect because of the absence of subjective anticompetitive intentions. However, the analysis by the courts in this case was far away from the traditional procedure of antitrust law for analyzing anticompetitive effects in a market, which consists of examination of the foreclosure effect and procompetitive justification by the business practice. Recently, one of the most debated issues would be the exclusionary dealing by a market dominant business. In particular, the concept so called the ``de facto exclusionary dealing` has been suggested to control the anticompetitive practices, which in appearance, seems to be a price control strategy, like a predatory price practice or a price differentiating. The most important requirement of the similar strategy to the traditional exclusionary dealing` has been said as ``the de facto obligation` of clients, who contract with a monopolist or a market dominant party. For this reason, if the business` conducts result in the obligation of the other party, it should be evaluated with the exclusionary dealing acts. For this reason, the court should have focused the market foreclosed effect, rather than the subject requirement of anticompetitive intentions. In the traditional antitrust law perspectives, the strategy bringing in anticompetitive effects should be determined to establish an anticompetitive illegal act, without proving that it would be a reasonably necessary means to accomplish procompetitive efficiency. In this essay, the appropriate method would be suggeste to investigate the anticompetitive effects by SK Telecom`s foreclosed DRM software. Especially, in order to check whether the procompetitive justification could be allowed, the several steps including the methods of finding `a less restrictive alternatives` and balancing test between procompetitive effect and anticompetitive effect.

식품ㆍ화장품의 품질경쟁 유인과 소비자선택권 보장을 위한 표시규제 개선 방향

오승한(Seung-han Oh) 한국경제연구원 2014 규제연구 Vol.23 No.1

이 논문은 상품ㆍ서비스 성분 및 특성에 관한 표시규제의 현재 문제점과 그 원인, 입법론적 비교, 문제의 해결을 위한 규제정책의 개선방향을 제시하는 것으로 특히, 식품ㆍ화장품의 원재료 성분표시를 논의의 대상으로 한다. 현재 식품안정처가 관할하는 식품위생법과 화장품법이 규정하는 표시규제는 식품의 경우 상품의 품질을 결정하는 각종 첨가물 등에 대한 표시가 생략되어 합리적 소비자 선택을 방해하고 있는 반면, 화장품 성분표시의 경우 전성분 표시제도를 운영하고 있음에도 표시방법의 규제가 적절하지 못하여 표시정보가 실제 합리적 소비자 선택에 영향을 미치지 못하고 소비자의 무관심만을 초래하고 있다. 이와 같은 문제점은 결국 소비자들이 안전한 성분을 사용한 실제 품질 좋은 상품 보다는, 막연한 상품과 사업자에 대한 신뢰만으로 상품을 선택하게 만들어, 브랜드 이미지가 강한 몇몇 대규모 사업자들이 독과점 시장을 계속 지배할 수 있도록 만드는 결과를 야기한다. 이 논문에서는 상품의 표시정보가 실제 소비자의 합리적 선택에 활용될 수 있도록 식품ㆍ화장품 성분정보를 원칙적으로 모두 공개하고, 그 표시 방법을 개선하여 소비자들이 쉽게 상품간 내용성분을 비교할 수 있도록 소비자의 선호도 및 성분의 위험여부와 안전도 등을 기준으로 일정한 분류표시가 필요함을 논증하였다. 특히, 이 논문은 실제 상품 성분표시를 소비자의 이해도와 인지성을 높이기 위한 방법으로 변경하여 이것이 소비자 선택에 미치는 영향을 조사하였고, 실제 상품성분 표시의 변경은 소비자의 선택에 유의미한 영향을 미칠 수 있음을 검증하였다. The focus of this article is about the importance of the function of product labels, especially in the ingredient labels of food and cosmetic, on which consumers depend in deciding whether to buy it. In modern economy society, the information in the labeling of a tangible goods and intangible services is critical for consumers to choose the stocks they want to buy. The reason why the consumers more depend on the labeling will be subject to several reasons, such as; 1) the change of the types of goods which have so much functions that the buyers cannot catch the whole real quality of those stocks in an instant, 2) businesses are tend to use the strategy to prevent their consumer from accessing to their rivals. It is the problem of 'experience goods and credence goods'. Because the consumer sovereignty and social welfare requires guaranteeing consumers' right of choice and in this context, despite the strong competition policy in Korea, the deceptive labeling could lead consumer to choose inefficient goods unreasonably. As a result, despite the widen scope of consumers' choice by the competition policy, the consumer sovereignty by allowing consumers to choose products and services reasonably, which they really want, cannot be enlarged. In many Korean administrative law, the stipulations of labeling contents are not enough to guarantee the consumers' right of choice because the requirement of ingredient in food is quite limited and allows exemption of some food additives, and the requirement of showing all ingredients of cosmetic goods without any classification causes the consumers' indifference to the indication. For this reason, the current regulations for the labeling contents and methods need to be revised to assure consumer's right of choice by requiring the labeling contents to be assorted based on the hazard of the contents or any characteristics of the ingredients. For this reason, current inefficient labelling regulations for food and cosmetic goods should remove the limitation of food ingredient information and adopt more efficient methods to show the ingredients of cosmetic products, enabling the consumer to compare the content of a product against the others.

표준필수특허권자의 `하위 사업자`에 대한 FRAND 위반 행위의 규제

오승한 ( Seunghan Oh ) 한국경쟁법학회 2016 競爭法硏究 Vol.34 No.-

In developing and setting standards, SSOs (Standard Setting Organizations) are required to incorporate very limited specific proprietary technologies(patent) into the standard essential patent technology groups (hereinafter “SEP”) with view to remove duplicated license fees and downsize royalties. As a result of the standard setting process, SEP proprietors could own the monopoly position in each indispensable standard technology market. When the standard becomes widely used, the holders of SEPs could exercise the monopoly power to demand more than the value of their specific patented technologies. In this regards, the FRAND commitment has played the important role to prevent the essential IP owner`s exploiting the users of the standard technologies after a standard setting process is completed. Each FRAND violation practice itself, however, could not easily establish the antitrust injury if there is no exclusion of rivals. Under the traditional view of antitrust law, because the patent holders are in the upstream market, their raising cost of the licensee in downstream market has not been the anticompetitive concerns, but the unfair problems, on which antitrust law could not be invoked based. This essay, however, insists that the breach of FRAND promise should be considered as one of anticompetitive practices. The result of each breaching FRAND commitments consists of anticompetitive harms because it increases the price of standard conforming end products and decreases the consumer choices, which could not arise if the SEP owners keeps FRAND commitments and competition rules of standardization.

미국 경쟁당국의 특허권 행상에 대한 경쟁법 집행 사례

오승한(Oh Seung Han) 행정법이론실무학회 2007 행정법연구 Vol.- No.18

This thesis is reviewing a dispute surrounding Qualcomm's alleged illegal and anti-competitive conduct in the markets for the third cell phone technology(3G) named Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (“WCDMA”) and chipsets implementing the third generation technology employing the Universal Mobile Telephone System [UMTS]. According to the complaint brought an action against Qualcomm by a plaintiff (Broadcom), Qualcomm induced the relevant SDO to adopt a 3G standard, WCDMA, that incorporates Qualcomm's patents by promising to license the patents on FRAND terms. Broadcom asserted that the relevant SDO only adopted the UMTS standard, implementing WCDMA, after Qualcomm agreed to license its WCDMA technology on FRAND terms. On the other side, Broadcom has developed UMTS chipsets that would compete with the UMTS chipsets manufactured by Qualcomm. Qualcomm holds patents for WCDMA technology that are essential to the UMTS standard, controlling the rights to the patents necessary for Broadcom to manufacture UMTS chipsets. Broadcom alleged that it has tried to get a license from Qualcomm for the use of the patents essential to UMTS standard employed in its chipsets, but has been refused to get the license to use the patents on FRAND terms. For this reason, the plaintiff alleges that Qualcomm has used unlawful and discriminatory licensing practices to (1) undermine competition, (2) monopolize the WCDMA technology market, and (3) attempt to monopolize the market for UMTS chipsets. In this case, the Federal district court in New Jersey dismissed the complaint brought by Broadcom. The Court assumes that there is no competition in the WCDMA technology market because of SDO's standard-setting process. In this situation, Qualcomm's conduct did not cause injury to competition, rather than it is the natural consequence of the standard-setting process. However, the Court's decision is not enough to show requirements determining whether a patent proprietor's licensing practices would be anticompetitive. In this thesis, some situations making the patent proprietor's licensing practices illegal will be discussed and suggested.