중ㆍ한 현대시에 나타난 서정성 비교 고찰

양혜경(Yang Hae-kyung) 한국비평문학회 2008 批評文學 Vol.- No.30

It is hard to find out lyricism of Korean and Chinese modern poetry. Because lyricism of Korean and Chinese modern poetry has associated to the relationship between poetry and society, the status and meanings of poetry in modem society, and the problems of modernity. Also, these problems are related to each other. The sociality and autonomy of modern poetry, and the social status and function of poetry inspire aesthetic value of literary essence related to contemporary social systems. The lyricism of modem poetry gives autonomy and identity of Korean and Chinese modem poetry. Therefore, the lyricism of Korean and Chinese modern poetry has a close relationship with the change of society. This article studied the aspects of lyricism of Korean and Chinese modern poetry based on Korean and Chinese best-seller poems. This study compared lyricism of Ahn Do Hyun as a Korean poet and Fang Wen Shan as a Chinese poet. This study examined how lyricism was expressed in terms of literary characteristics. The reappearance of lyricism and aspect of subject were also examined. Ahn Do Hyun and Fang Wen Shan had no direct relationship, but they had their authentic world of poetry in search of lyricism Their poems represented lyricims based on contemporary social reality in traditional lyric genre.

비만이 취업 준비 및 취업에 미치는 영향

양혜경 ( Hae Kyung Yang ),김진영 ( Jin Yeong Kim ) 한국보건경제정책학회 2015 보건경제와 정책연구 Vol.21 No.4

This paper investigates the relationship between obesity and the employment using a unique data set composed of young Korean college graduate cohort who graduated high school in the same year, 2004. The salient feature of this study is in addition to examining the relationship between obesity and the employment, we look closely at the relationship between the obesity and the effort to be recruited. If there is a general adverse assessment or prejudice towards the obese in the labor market, obese job seekers may try to overcome this prejudice by putting extra effort on activities as extra job training, getting licences, language training in the foreign countries. The empirical results indicate that contrary to this intuition, obese students tend to make less effort to be employed, with an exception of overweight male students. Overweight male students are more likely to make more efforts in oversea language training or job training, but they do not show good performances in the recruiting market. In case of female students, overweight and obese students generally make less efforts than normal weight students, and obese female students are less likely to be employed. Our results are consistent with previous studies that report adverse effect of obesity in the labor market. Our study contributes to the literature by looking at the effect of obesity in both job market preparation and employment. Our results imply that obesity has on-going effect on academic performance, job market preparation and employment and the adverse effect of obesity can be explained by individual’s cognitive skills and unobserved aspects rather than discrimination in the job market.

노인범죄요인과 대책에 관한 연구

양혜경(Yang Hae Kyung) 한국교정복지학회 2018 교정복지연구 Vol.0 No.53

최근 폭력적이고 과격한 노인을 의미하는 폭주노인이 새로운 노인문제로 등장하였다. 이는 노인의 통제되지 못하는 감정상태가 과격한 행동 양상으로 나타나는 것을 의미한다. 폭주노인에 의한 노인범죄는 산업화로 인한 사회구조적 변화에 노인이 적응할 충분한 시간을 가지지 못한 것이 원인이라고 볼 수 있다. 이러한 상태에서 노인범죄를 개인의 일탈로 규정하기보다는 사회적 기능이 현저히 약화된 상태에서 나타나는 심리사회적 부작용의 일부라고 할 수 있다. 그렇기 때문에 노후의 삶에 대한 준비가 절대적으로 부족한 노인으로서는 자연히 사회적응에 대한 탄력성이 떨어질 수 있을 것으로 본다. 더욱이 노인범죄를 단순히 대인관계 기술과 원만하지 못한 사회생활에만 초점을 두는 우리사회의 인식 수준으로 인해 노인범죄에 대한 정확한 진단 및 대책은 미온적으로 나타날 수밖에 없을 것이다. 따라서 본고에서는 증가하는 노인범죄 현상을 분석하기 위해 노인의 심리사회적 특성과 노인이 범죄를 저지르게 되는 원인을 심리사회적 요인으로 구분하고 그 문제점을 살펴보았다. 그리고 노인범죄를 예방하기 위한 교정복지적 차원의 대책 방안을 모색하여 향후 노인범죄예방 정책에 기여하고자 하였다. Recently, the aggravated elderly, that means the old men who are violent and radical, have emerged as new elderly issue. This means the uncontrolled emotional state of the elderly appears to be a radical behavior pattern. Regarding the elderly crime by the aggravated elderly, it can be attributed to the fact that the elderly people do not have sufficient time to adapt themselves to social structural changes caused by industrialization. In this situation, it can be regarded as a part of the psychosocial side-effects in which the social functions are considerably weakened, rather than a definition of the elderly crime as an individual deviation. Therefore, it is also thought to be natural that the elderly who are absolutely lack of preparation for old age could have insufficient flexibility for social adaptation. Additionally, accurate diagnosis and countermeasures for elderly crime will be inevitably passive due to the level of our society that only focuses on the elderly crime as simple interpersonal skills and unpeaceful social life. Therefore, in order to analyze the increasing crime phenomenon of the elderly, this study classified the psychosocial characteristics of the elderly and the crime causes as psychosocial factors and identified the problems. In addition, this study tried to identify the measures from the correctional welfare perspectives to prevent elderly crime and to contribute to the future elderly crime prevention policy.

음악치료 프로그램이 뇌졸중노인의 우울증 감소와 자아존중감 증진에 미치는 효과성 연구

양혜경(Hae Kyung Yang) 한국노인복지학회 2010 노인복지연구 Vol.0 No.49

전문의약품 소비자광고가 소비자행동에 미치는 영향

양혜경 ( Hae Kyung Yang ) 한국소비자학회 2011 소비자학연구 Vol.22 No.3

소비자의 건강과 의료서비스에 대한 관심이 증가하면서 의료서비스 시장에서 소비자의 자발적인 역할이 커지는 가운데 소비자를 대상으로 하는 전문의약품 소비자광고(Direct-to-Consumer Advertising)에 대한 관심 또한 커지고 있다. 전문의약품 소비자광고의 도입에 대한 논란이 일고 있는 가운데 아직까지 관련 연구가 국내에 전무하여 도입을 논의하는데 어려움이 있고, 전문의약품 소비자광고가 소비자에 미치는 영향에 대한 학술적인 근거가 충분하지 않아 본 연구는 전문의약품 소비자광고가 활성화된 미국의 사례를 분석하여 한국에의 시사점을 찾고자 하였다. 구체적으로 본 연구는 고지혈증 치료제 광고의 사례를 통하여 광고 노출이 소비자의 건강관련행동에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 하였다. 전문의약품 소비자광고가 활발하게 나타난 2000년에서 2004년 사이에 미국 소비자를 대상으로 한 연구 결과, 소비자의 전문의약품 소비자광고 노출이 높아질 수록 소비자들이 병원을 방문하여 검사를 받고 고지혈증 진단을 받을 확률이 높아졌으나 고지혈증 진단을 받은 사람들이 광고의 영향을 받고 고지혈증 치료제를 구매하는 근거는 발견되지 않았다. 오히려 광고 노출이 높아질수록 식이조절, 규칙적인 운동 등 생활습관을 변화시킬 확률이 높아졌다. 본 연구 결과 전문의약품 소비자광고가 소비자의 선택과 건강관련행동에 영향을 미칠 수 있다는 것이 밝혀졌으며, 따라서 전문의약품 소비자광고의 도입을 위해서는 광고가 소비자에게 보다 이해하기 쉽고, 질병과 치료법, 의약품에 대한 포괄적이고 균형잡힌 정보를 제공할 수 있도록 광고 내용에 대한 구체적인 규제가 필요하다. 더불어 소비자교육을 통하여 소비자가 의약품의 위험과 효익에 대한 정보를 쉽게 이해하여 효율적인 의사결정을 내릴 수 있도록 뒷받침이 요구된다. Consumers are placing greater emphasis on their health and on health care services and are making decisions more independently of their health care providers. However, consumers are often deprived of information that they need in order to make effective decisions. There is a growing interest in the Direct-to-Consumer Advertising (DTCA) in Korea as a way of providing more information to consumers. Since DTCA is only allowed in the U.S. and New Zealand, this paper studies how DTCA affects consumer behavior using cholesterol reducing drug "statins" advertising in the U.S.. It also finds implications for adopting DTCA in Korea. Unless tested specifically for cholesterol, it takes years before elevated blood cholesterol levels may result in any symptoms. As a result, the dissemination of information about the risks of elevated blood cholesterol levels plays a key role in prevention. There are numerous sources of information from which consumers can learn about the risks and the treatment of high blood cholesterol. This study focuses on the role of prescription drug advertising on consumer awareness of their blood cholesterol level. It also examines whether, among those who have been diagnosed with high blood cholesterol, there is any additional impact of advertising on the purchase of statins. In addition, since the Clinical Practice Guidelines in the U.S. for cholesterol control recommends physicians to prescribe therapeutic lifestyle changes prior to prescribing statins, this study also examines whether DTCA leads consumers to healthier behaviors such as controlling diet and exercising regularly. There have been a number of studies that have focused on the impact of DTCA. However, most of the existing literature examines the effect of DTCA on pharmaceutical demand. Iizuka and Jun (2007) report that DTCA of cholesterol reducing drugs tends to decrease the likelihood of engaging in moderate exercise, which suggests DTCA encourages people to substitute away from healthy lifestyles. Including Iizuka and Jin (2007) most studies on the impact of DTCA used aggregate-level DTCA data which makes them difficult to accurately measure individual level variation in advertising exposure and establish causal impact of advertising. This study builds up on the existing literature by utilizing unique data sets that combine extensive survey data on statins use with an archive of advertisements that allows for the measurement of how many advertisements each individual has been exposed to. The consumer survey data used for this research is the Simmons National Consumer Survey (NCS). Repeated cross-section surveys between the years of 2000 to 2004 are pooled to obtain a sample of more than forty thousand respondents. The NCS includes individual consumer information on whether the respondents were diagnosed with high blood cholesterol, purchased statins, controlled diet and exercised regularly. In addition, it includes which magazines each respondent reads. By combining NCS with the advertisement archive, this allowed for the measurement of individual exposure to statins advertisements which can then be linked with individual level consumer behaviors. NCS also includes a rich set of information that allows for the control of a majority of factors that firms use in targeting their advertisements. As a result, this study takes into account that firms are likely to target specific groups that may be more inclined to use statins. As this targeting can be controlled, the causal impact of advertising on statins use can also be better assessed. Finally, as individual variation in exposure to advertising is also included in NCS, this study is able to examine how demographic groups are differentially exposed to advertising and how they react to it. The results suggest that having more exposure to DTCA increases the probability of being diagnosed and being aware of having high blood cholesterol, and life style changes such as improving diet and exercising regularly. The results do not support that DTCA encourages those who are diagnosed with high blood cholesterol to purchase statins, which implies DTCA does not distort patient-physician relationship. Even after being diagnosed with high blood cholesterol, DTCA still affects them to exercise regularly. This suggests a spillover effect of prescription drug advertising rather than a moral hazard effect that individuals replace exercise with prescription drugs. Since this study focuses only on cholesterol reducing drug, the impact of DTCA can be specific to this therapeutic class of prescription drugs. It is possible that the impact of DTCA may be different depending on the class of drugs advertised. Spillover effect may appear in this case since treatment of high blood cholesterol is not totally dependent on prescription drugs. Identifying causal impact of advertising using a repeated cross-sectional data is difficult since time order of advertising exposure and consumer behavior is not clear. Firms target their advertising to potential consumers. Because of this targeting, reverse causality may happen and bias the estimates upward. This study tries to reduce this potential bias by including a long list of variables to capture magazine-reading habits and the placement of advertisements. In addition this study explores the sensitivity of results with a series of cross-checks and finds that the results are robust. The spillover effect of DTCA that was found in this study suggests that DTCA has potential public health benefits as it encourages lifestyle changes and initiates treatment, but because of its public health implications, it needs to be closely monitored and regulated to include balanced risk and benefit information of the drug, and information about the disease and alternative treatments.

정지용 시에 나타난 미의식의 수용 양상

양혜경(Hae Kyung Yang) 수련어문학회 1998 睡蓮語文論集 Vol.24 No.-

N/A

한,일 현대시의 서정성 비교 고찰 -김용택과 장전홍(長田弘)을 중심으로-

양혜경 ( Hae Kyung Yang ) 국제비교한국학회 2009 비교한국학 Comparative Korean Studies Vol.17 No.2

노인의 사회활동과 인지기능

양혜경 ( Hae Kyung Yang ) 한국보건경제정책학회 2020 보건경제와 정책연구 Vol.26 No.4

This paper studies the effect of social activities on cognitive functioning of Korean older adults. Social activities and cognitive functioning can have reciprocal relationship, and to address the reverse causality we analyze 2006 to 2018 waves of Korean Longitudinal Panel Study (KLoSA) using Arellano-Bond (AB) GMM estimation. Social activities are classified as formal and informal. Formal social activities are measured as the frequency of participating in religious, leisure, cultural, political activities, sports, alumni societies, and volunteering. Informal social activities are measured as the frequency of engaging in face to face meeting with friends and children. Results from the fixed effects estimation show that for both men and women, social activities have positive relationships with cognitive functioning. However, in AB estimation, for women, while formal social activities are not significantly related with cognitive functioning, meeting friends and children are positively related with cognitive functioning. For men, formal activities are positively related with cognitive functioning even after addressing the reverse causality. By specific skills of cognitive function, informal social activities are positively related with orientation, immediate recall, delayed recall, and language ability for women. For men, meeting with children is positively related with immediate recall. Our results show that the effect of social activities on cognitive function are different for men and women which implies different intervention is required for men and women. In addition, to prevent cognitive decline, participation in formal social activities as well as informal social activities are necessary.

학생 비만도 결정요인과 비만이 학업성취도에 미치는 영향

양혜경 ( Hae Kyung Yang ),김진영 ( Jin Yeong Kim ) 한국응용경제학회 2014 응용경제 Vol.16 No.1

이 논문은 한국교육고용패널 자료를 바탕으로 고등학생의 비만 결정요인과 비만이 학업성취도에 미치는 영향을 실증적으로 살펴본다. 실증분석 결과, 남녀학생 모두에서 비만 및 과체중은 내신 및 수능 등급에 부정적인 영향을 미치는것으로 나타났으며 선행 학업성취도를 통제하더라도 비만의 효과는 여전히 존재했다. 또한 비만과 자존감 사이에는 음의 상관관계가 유의하지는 않았으나 비만과 성적 간의 관계에서 자존감을 통제하더라도 비만이 성적에 미치는 영향이 유의하게 나타나 비만이 자존감 통로를 통하지 않고도 성적에 직접적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 비만이 청소년 시기의 인지적 능력 형성과 관계가 있다는 선행 연구의 주장을 뒷받침한다. Using 2007 Korean Education and Employment Panel (KEEP) middle school student cohort, we investigate the factors of obesity in youth and the association between weight and academic achievement. Our empirical results suggest some evidence of negative association between weight and academic achievement for both male and female students. Even after controlling for self-esteem of students and the prior academic achievement in order to control for unobserved heterogeneity, the negative relationship between BMI and academic achievement remains. Our findings suggest that students’ academic achievement can be directly affected by obesity.

전문의약품 소비자광고가 생활습관 변화에 미치는 영향에 대한 연구

양혜경 ( Hae Kyung Yang ) 대한가정학회 2012 Human Ecology Research(HER) Vol.50 No.4

전문의약품 소비자광고가 미국에서 급속도로 증가함에 따라 광고가 소비자의 생활습관 변화에 미치는 영향에 대한 관심이 커지고 있다. 전문의약품 소비자광고에 대한 대부분의 선행 연구들이 광고가 소비자 수요에 미치는 영향에 초점을 맞추고 있는데 반해 소비자 행동 특히 건강관련 생활습관 변화에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구는 드물다. 본 연구는 2000년에서 2004년 사이의 미국 소비자 조사와 대중적인 소비자 잡지들에 실린 전문의약품 소비자광고들 중 고지혈증, 고혈압, 당뇨, 비만 치료제 광고를 데이터베이스화한 자료를 이용하여 개별 소비자 수준에서의 광고 노출을 산출하고, 규칙적인 운동, 운동 빈도, 식이 조절 행동에 미치는 영향을 선형확률모형을 이용하여 분석하였다. 본 연구 결과 고지혈증, 고혈압, 당뇨, 비만 등의 만성질환을 보유한 소비자들이 이들 치료제광고에 노출되어 규칙적인 운동을 할 확률은 감소하는 것으로 나타났으나, 식이조절을 할 확률은 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 개별 질환 치료제 광고 수준에서 광고 노출의 영향을 살펴본 결과, 고지혈증 보유자들의 경우 고지혈증 치료제 광고 노출이 증가할수록 주당 운동 빈도가 증가할 확률이 높아지는 것으로 나타났으나 고혈압, 비만환자인 경우 이들 각각의 치료제 광고의 노출이 증가할수록 주당 운동 빈도와 식이 조절을 할 확률이 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 교육 수준이 낮은 소비자의 경우 광고 노출이 이들이 규칙적으로 운동을 하는데 정의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과를 통하여 전문 의약품 소비자광고가 소비자와 관련 질환에 따라다른 영향을 미친다는 것을 알 수 있다. 따라서 전문의약품 소비자광고가 소비자의 건강한 생활습관 향상에 도움이 되도록 하기 위해서는 꾸준한 모니터링이 중요하며, 전문의약품 소비자광고에 건강한 생활습관을 유도할 수 있는 메시지를 포함하도록 규제하는 것이 필요하다. In the U.S. where Direct-to-Consumer Advertising (DTCA) of prescription medications is permitted, spending on DTCA has been accelerating. As a result, it has been an issue of intense public policy attention regarding whether DTCA is beneficial to the public by promoting a healthy lifestyle. Most of the literature concerning DTCA focuses on its impact on demand and empirical evidence regarding its impact on health-related behavior is scant. This study uses a database of DTCAs for high blood cholesterol, hypertension, diabetes, and overweight treatment medications that have appeared in nationally circulated U.S. consumer magazines during 2000 to 2004 and the Simmons National Consumer Survey in order to compute the level of individual advertising exposure and examines whether those who are exposed to DTCA are more likely to engage in regular exercise and diet control. The study finds evidence that for those with chronic conditions, greater exposure to DTCA leads to less exercise but more diet control. By therapeutic class level, exposure to DTCA leads to less exercise for those with hypertension and who are overweight, whereas those with high blood cholesterol are more likely to engage in regular exercise. Looking into differential responses by socioeconomic status, those with less education are more likely to engage in exercise after being exposed to DTCA. The results imply that the effects of DTCA vary by therapeutic class. In order to enhance the benefits of DTCA, it is important to closely monitor the messages in DTCA and require it to include messages that promote lifestyle change should it be a part of the treatment.