중ㆍ한 현대시에 나타난 서정성 비교 고찰

양혜경(Yang Hae-kyung) 한국비평문학회 2008 批評文學 Vol.- No.30

It is hard to find out lyricism of Korean and Chinese modern poetry. Because lyricism of Korean and Chinese modern poetry has associated to the relationship between poetry and society, the status and meanings of poetry in modem society, and the problems of modernity. Also, these problems are related to each other. The sociality and autonomy of modern poetry, and the social status and function of poetry inspire aesthetic value of literary essence related to contemporary social systems. The lyricism of modem poetry gives autonomy and identity of Korean and Chinese modem poetry. Therefore, the lyricism of Korean and Chinese modern poetry has a close relationship with the change of society. This article studied the aspects of lyricism of Korean and Chinese modern poetry based on Korean and Chinese best-seller poems. This study compared lyricism of Ahn Do Hyun as a Korean poet and Fang Wen Shan as a Chinese poet. This study examined how lyricism was expressed in terms of literary characteristics. The reappearance of lyricism and aspect of subject were also examined. Ahn Do Hyun and Fang Wen Shan had no direct relationship, but they had their authentic world of poetry in search of lyricism Their poems represented lyricims based on contemporary social reality in traditional lyric genre.

음악치료 프로그램이 뇌졸중노인의 우울증 감소와 자아존중감 증진에 미치는 효과성 연구

양혜경(Hae Kyung Yang) 한국노인복지학회 2010 노인복지연구 Vol.0 No.49

비만이 취업 준비 및 취업에 미치는 영향

양혜경 ( Hae Kyung Yang ),김진영 ( Jin Yeong Kim ) 한국보건경제정책학회 2015 보건경제와 정책연구 Vol.21 No.4

This paper investigates the relationship between obesity and the employment using a unique data set composed of young Korean college graduate cohort who graduated high school in the same year, 2004. The salient feature of this study is in addition to examining the relationship between obesity and the employment, we look closely at the relationship between the obesity and the effort to be recruited. If there is a general adverse assessment or prejudice towards the obese in the labor market, obese job seekers may try to overcome this prejudice by putting extra effort on activities as extra job training, getting licences, language training in the foreign countries. The empirical results indicate that contrary to this intuition, obese students tend to make less effort to be employed, with an exception of overweight male students. Overweight male students are more likely to make more efforts in oversea language training or job training, but they do not show good performances in the recruiting market. In case of female students, overweight and obese students generally make less efforts than normal weight students, and obese female students are less likely to be employed. Our results are consistent with previous studies that report adverse effect of obesity in the labor market. Our study contributes to the literature by looking at the effect of obesity in both job market preparation and employment. Our results imply that obesity has on-going effect on academic performance, job market preparation and employment and the adverse effect of obesity can be explained by individual’s cognitive skills and unobserved aspects rather than discrimination in the job market.

공감은 국민건강보험에 대한 세대 간 태도 차이를 매개하는가?

양혜경 ( Hae Kyung Yang ),옥경영 ( Kyungyoung Ohk ),박기완 ( Kiwan Park ),주소현 ( So Hyun Joo ) 한국소비자학회 2015 소비자학연구 Vol.26 No.2

This paper studies the attitudes of different generations toward the National Health Insurance of Korea (NHI). We focus on empathy and explore whether empathy reduces the generation gap in attitudes toward the NHI. Because of the aging of the population, spending on the NHI is expected to increase. In 2012, NHI spending on those above 65 years old was 34.4% of total NHI spending, while average monthly spending for this age group was 3.2 times more than the average NHI beneficiary. As the elderly are receiving a disproportionately large amount of the benefits, more burden is imposed on younger generations, which can result in the younger generations having an unfavorable attitude toward the NHI spending. As empathy generates positive attitude toward others, it can potentially also resolve conflicts. We seek to find out whether the level of empathy matters on the attitude towards the NHI. If attitudes toward the NHI are different by generations, we hypothesize that empathy may affect the difference in the attitude towards the NHI. We survey 910 adults aged between 20 to 65 living in five major cities in Korea. We classify respondents into five cohorts based on their birth years. The Korean baby-boomers are currently in their 50s. The cohort older than the baby-boomers in our data are in their 60s and experienced the Korean war. The younger cohorts are in their 40s, 30s, and 20s, respectively. All the cohorts are unique in terms of characteristics and their social experiences. We measure empathy using Davis (1980)`s Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI). Attitudes toward the NHI are measured by the following questions on five-point Likert scales, to which the participants are asked to respond: 1) Do you think the younger generations bear more burden that older generations in contributing towards the NHI, 2) Do you think the NHI will be helpful when you are old, 3) Do you think the NHI is helpful currently to old people, 4) Do you think the NHI will be helpful for those in their 20s and below when they become old. All the cohorts view that the NHI imposes more burden on the younger generations. As people become older, they are more likely to agree that the NHI is helpful for themselves and all generations. Even after controlling for other factors, the difference in attitudes among cohorts still remains with older people viewing the NHI as helpful to themselves and all generations. The level of empathic concern, an emotional aspect of empathy, becomes higher as age increases. Even after controlling for other related factors on empathy, older people are more empathetic than younger people. More people in their 60s and 20s view old people as trustworthy. Empathy has a positive effect on attitudes toward the NHI, even after controlling for the cohorts and other factors. Most importantly, empathic concern partially mediates the relationship between age and attitude. That is, as one becomes older, the relationship between empathic concern and positive attitude towards the NHI becomes stronger. Based on our results, we conclude that the difference in attitudes toward the NHI is affected by age-based cohort effect. Our results imply that empathy mediates generational conflict between the older and younger generations in their attitude towards the NHI, and that we should consider promoting intergenerational empathy to resolve intergenerational conflicts.

노인범죄요인과 대책에 관한 연구

양혜경(Yang Hae Kyung) 한국교정복지학회 2018 교정복지연구 Vol.0 No.53

최근 폭력적이고 과격한 노인을 의미하는 폭주노인이 새로운 노인문제로 등장하였다. 이는 노인의 통제되지 못하는 감정상태가 과격한 행동 양상으로 나타나는 것을 의미한다. 폭주노인에 의한 노인범죄는 산업화로 인한 사회구조적 변화에 노인이 적응할 충분한 시간을 가지지 못한 것이 원인이라고 볼 수 있다. 이러한 상태에서 노인범죄를 개인의 일탈로 규정하기보다는 사회적 기능이 현저히 약화된 상태에서 나타나는 심리사회적 부작용의 일부라고 할 수 있다. 그렇기 때문에 노후의 삶에 대한 준비가 절대적으로 부족한 노인으로서는 자연히 사회적응에 대한 탄력성이 떨어질 수 있을 것으로 본다. 더욱이 노인범죄를 단순히 대인관계 기술과 원만하지 못한 사회생활에만 초점을 두는 우리사회의 인식 수준으로 인해 노인범죄에 대한 정확한 진단 및 대책은 미온적으로 나타날 수밖에 없을 것이다. 따라서 본고에서는 증가하는 노인범죄 현상을 분석하기 위해 노인의 심리사회적 특성과 노인이 범죄를 저지르게 되는 원인을 심리사회적 요인으로 구분하고 그 문제점을 살펴보았다. 그리고 노인범죄를 예방하기 위한 교정복지적 차원의 대책 방안을 모색하여 향후 노인범죄예방 정책에 기여하고자 하였다. Recently, the aggravated elderly, that means the old men who are violent and radical, have emerged as new elderly issue. This means the uncontrolled emotional state of the elderly appears to be a radical behavior pattern. Regarding the elderly crime by the aggravated elderly, it can be attributed to the fact that the elderly people do not have sufficient time to adapt themselves to social structural changes caused by industrialization. In this situation, it can be regarded as a part of the psychosocial side-effects in which the social functions are considerably weakened, rather than a definition of the elderly crime as an individual deviation. Therefore, it is also thought to be natural that the elderly who are absolutely lack of preparation for old age could have insufficient flexibility for social adaptation. Additionally, accurate diagnosis and countermeasures for elderly crime will be inevitably passive due to the level of our society that only focuses on the elderly crime as simple interpersonal skills and unpeaceful social life. Therefore, in order to analyze the increasing crime phenomenon of the elderly, this study classified the psychosocial characteristics of the elderly and the crime causes as psychosocial factors and identified the problems. In addition, this study tried to identify the measures from the correctional welfare perspectives to prevent elderly crime and to contribute to the future elderly crime prevention policy.

전문의약품 소비자광고가 소비자행동에 미치는 영향

양혜경 ( Hae Kyung Yang ) 한국소비자학회 2011 소비자학연구 Vol.22 No.3

Consumers are placing greater emphasis on their health and on health care services and are making decisions more independently of their health care providers. However, consumers are often deprived of information that they need in order to make effective decisions. There is a growing interest in the Direct-to-Consumer Advertising (DTCA) in Korea as a way of providing more information to consumers. Since DTCA is only allowed in the U.S. and New Zealand, this paper studies how DTCA affects consumer behavior using cholesterol reducing drug statins advertising in the U.S.. It also finds implications for adopting DTCA in Korea. Unless tested specifically for cholesterol, it takes years before elevated blood cholesterol levels may result in any symptoms. As a result, the dissemination of information about the risks of elevated blood cholesterol levels plays a key role in prevention. There are numerous sources of information from which consumers can learn about the risks and the treatment of high blood cholesterol. This study focuses on the role of prescription drug advertising on consumer awareness of their blood cholesterol level. It also examines whether, among those who have been diagnosed with high blood cholesterol, there is any additional impact of advertising on the purchase of statins. In addition, since the Clinical Practice Guidelines in the U.S. for cholesterol control recommends physicians to prescribe therapeutic lifestyle changes prior to prescribing statins, this study also examines whether DTCA leads consumers to healthier behaviors such as controlling diet and exercising regularly. There have been a number of studies that have focused on the impact of DTCA. However, most of the existing literature examines the effect of DTCA on pharmaceutical demand. Iizuka and Jun (2007) report that DTCA of cholesterol reducing drugs tends to decrease the likelihood of engaging in moderate exercise, which suggests DTCA encourages people to substitute away from healthy lifestyles. Including Iizuka and Jin (2007) most studies on the impact of DTCA used aggregate-level DTCA data which makes them difficult to accurately measure individual level variation in advertising exposure and establish causal impact of advertising. This study builds up on the existing literature by utilizing unique data sets that combine extensive survey data on statins use with an archive of advertisements that allows for the measurement of how many advertisements each individual has been exposed to. The consumer survey data used for this research is the Simmons National Consumer Survey (NCS). Repeated cross-section surveys between the years of 2000 to 2004 are pooled to obtain a sample of more than forty thousand respondents. The NCS includes individual consumer information on whether the respondents were diagnosed with high blood cholesterol, purchased statins, controlled diet and exercised regularly. In addition, it includes which magazines each respondent reads. By combining NCS with the advertisement archive, this allowed for the measurement of individual exposure to statins advertisements which can then be linked with individual level consumer behaviors. NCS also includes a rich set of information that allows for the control of a majority of factors that firms use in targeting their advertisements. As a result, this study takes into account that firms are likely to target specific groups that may be more inclined to use statins. As this targeting can be controlled, the causal impact of advertising on statins use can also be better assessed. Finally, as individual variation in exposure to advertising is also included in NCS, this study is able to examine how demographic groups are differentially exposed to advertising and how they react to it. The results suggest that having more exposure to DTCA increases the probability of being diagnosed and being aware of having high blood cholesterol, and life style changes such as improving diet and exercising regularly. The results do not support that DTCA encourages those who are diagnosed with high blood cholesterol to purchase statins, which implies DTCA does not distort patient-physician relationship. Even after being diagnosed with high blood cholesterol, DTCA still affects them to exercise regularly. This suggests a spillover effect of prescription drug advertising rather than a moral hazard effect that individuals replace exercise with prescription drugs. Since this study focuses only on cholesterol reducing drug, the impact of DTCA can be specific to this therapeutic class of prescription drugs. It is possible that the impact of DTCA may be different depending on the class of drugs advertised. Spillover effect may appear in this case since treatment of high blood cholesterol is not totally dependent on prescription drugs. Identifying causal impact of advertising using a repeated cross-sectional data is difficult since time order of advertising exposure and consumer behavior is not clear. Firms target their advertising to potential consumers. Because of this targeting, reverse causality may happen and bias the estimates upward. This study tries to reduce this potential bias by including a long list of variables to capture magazine-reading habits and the placement of advertisements. In addition this study explores the sensitivity of results with a series of cross-checks and finds that the results are robust. The spillover effect of DTCA that was found in this study suggests that DTCA has potential public health benefits as it encourages lifestyle changes and initiates treatment, but because of its public health implications, it needs to be closely monitored and regulated to include balanced risk and benefit information of the drug, and information about the disease and alternative treatments.

정지용 시에 나타난 미의식의 수용 양상

양혜경(Hae Kyung Yang) 수련어문학회 1998 수련어문논집 Vol.24 No.-

N/A

전문의약품 소비자광고가 생활습관 변화에 미치는 영향에 대한 연구

양혜경 ( Hae Kyung Yang ) 대한가정학회 2012 Human Ecology Research(HER) Vol.50 No.4

In the U.S. where Direct-to-Consumer Advertising (DTCA) of prescription medications is permitted, spending on DTCA has been accelerating. As a result, it has been an issue of intense public policy attention regarding whether DTCA is beneficial to the public by promoting a healthy lifestyle. Most of the literature concerning DTCA focuses on its impact on demand and empirical evidence regarding its impact on health-related behavior is scant. This study uses a database of DTCAs for high blood cholesterol, hypertension, diabetes, and overweight treatment medications that have appeared in nationally circulated U.S. consumer magazines during 2000 to 2004 and the Simmons National Consumer Survey in order to compute the level of individual advertising exposure and examines whether those who are exposed to DTCA are more likely to engage in regular exercise and diet control. The study finds evidence that for those with chronic conditions, greater exposure to DTCA leads to less exercise but more diet control. By therapeutic class level, exposure to DTCA leads to less exercise for those with hypertension and who are overweight, whereas those with high blood cholesterol are more likely to engage in regular exercise. Looking into differential responses by socioeconomic status, those with less education are more likely to engage in exercise after being exposed to DTCA. The results imply that the effects of DTCA vary by therapeutic class. In order to enhance the benefits of DTCA, it is important to closely monitor the messages in DTCA and require it to include messages that promote lifestyle change should it be a part of the treatment.

노인의 사회활동과 인지기능

양혜경 ( Hae Kyung Yang ) 한국보건경제정책학회 2020 보건경제와 정책연구 Vol.26 No.4

This paper studies the effect of social activities on cognitive functioning of Korean older adults. Social activities and cognitive functioning can have reciprocal relationship, and to address the reverse causality we analyze 2006 to 2018 waves of Korean Longitudinal Panel Study (KLoSA) using Arellano-Bond (AB) GMM estimation. Social activities are classified as formal and informal. Formal social activities are measured as the frequency of participating in religious, leisure, cultural, political activities, sports, alumni societies, and volunteering. Informal social activities are measured as the frequency of engaging in face to face meeting with friends and children. Results from the fixed effects estimation show that for both men and women, social activities have positive relationships with cognitive functioning. However, in AB estimation, for women, while formal social activities are not significantly related with cognitive functioning, meeting friends and children are positively related with cognitive functioning. For men, formal activities are positively related with cognitive functioning even after addressing the reverse causality. By specific skills of cognitive function, informal social activities are positively related with orientation, immediate recall, delayed recall, and language ability for women. For men, meeting with children is positively related with immediate recall. Our results show that the effect of social activities on cognitive function are different for men and women which implies different intervention is required for men and women. In addition, to prevent cognitive decline, participation in formal social activities as well as informal social activities are necessary.

위암 출혈로 오인된 에리트로포이에틴 항체 양성 순수 적혈구 무형성증

양혜경 ( Hae Kyung Yang ),이경수 ( Kyeong Soo Lee ),김인호 ( In Ho Kim ),오현진 ( Hyun Jin Oh ),이해림 ( Hae Lim Lee ),이관현 ( Kwan Hyun Lee ),황대연 ( Dea Yeon Hwang ) 대한내과학회 2013 대한내과학회지 Vol.84 No.3

Caplan`s syndrome is characterized by multiple small distinct nodules with progressive massive fibrosis and rheumatic arthritis in pneumoconiosis. Although pleural effusions occur infrequently as an extra-articular manifestation, pleuritis can develop without joint involvement in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. We treated an 81-year-old man who had been diagnosed with silicosis with progressive massive fibrosis. He suffered from progressive dyspnea, and chest computed tomography (CT) and echocardiography revealed pleural and pericardial effusions. We speculated that the multiple serositis was related to a rheumatic disorder because the rheumatic factor was elevated in both the pleural and pericardial effusions. After corticosteroid treatment, the serositis improved. We suggest that this case is an atypical pattern of Caplan`s syndrome presenting as serositis without arthritis. Rheumatoid serositis should be considered as the cause of pleural or pericardial effusions in patients with pneumoconiosis. (Korean J Med 2013;84:428-432)