Bacillus cereus KJA-118을 이용한 오이 모잘록병의 생물학적 방제

안규남,정우진,채동현,박노동,김태환,김용웅,김영철,차규석,김길용,An, Kyu-Nam,Jung, Woo-Jin,Chae, Dong-Hyun,Park, Ro-Dong,Kim, Tae-Hwan,Kim, Yong-Woong,Kim, Young-Cheol,Cha, Gyu-Suk,Kim, Kil-Yong Korean Society of Soil Science and Fertilizer 2003 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.36 No.4

해안가 토양으로부터 강력한 chitinase 활성을 가진 Bacillus cereus KJA-118이 분리.동정되었다. B. cereus KJA-118은 1% colloidal chitin이 포함된 배지를 pH 6.0으로 조절한 후 $30^{\circ}C$ 에서 4일동안 호기적으로 배양했을 때 가장 높은 chitinase 효소활성을 보였다. 탄소원 (crab shell powder, chitin powder, colloidal chitin, and R. solani 균사)에 따른 chitinase 활성은 R. solani 균사를 사용했을 때 가장 높았다. Glycol chitin 0.01%가 포함된 gel에서 전기영동 후 활성 염색한 결과, B. cereus KJA-118에 의해 생산되는 chitinase는 분자량이 68, 47, 37 KDa인 3개의 isoform이 검출되었다. 액체 배지에서 미리 배양한 B. cereus KJA-118과 R. solani를 다시 혼합 배양했을 때, 곰팡이의 세포벽이 완전히 파괴되었다. R. solan가 감염된 토양에 B. cereus KJA-118의 배양액을 처리했을 때 28.1%의 오이 모잘록병 억제 효과를 확인하였다.

Biocontrol of Rhizoctonia solani Damping-off of Cucumber by Bacillus cereus KJA-118

Kyu-Nam An(안규남),Woo-Jin Jung(정우진),Dong-Hyun Chae(채동현),Ro-Dong Park(박노동),Tae-Hwan Kim(김태환),Yong-Woong Kim(김용웅),Young-Cheol Kim(김영철),Gyu-Suk Cha(차규석),Kil-Yong Kim(김길용) 한국토양비료학회 2003 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.36 No.4

벼 담수직파논에서 새섬매자기와 미국외풀 발생밀도에 따른 쌀 수량 감소와 경제적 방제수준

권오도(Oh Do Kwon),안규남(Kyu Nam An),이인(Yeen Lee),신서호(Seo Ho Shin),박흥규(Heung Gyu Park),신해룡(Hae Ryoung Shin),문병철(Byeong Cheol Moon),국용인(Yong In Kuk) 韓國雜草學會 2011 Weed&Turfgrass Science Vol.31 No.4

벼 담수직파재배에서 잡초 경합밀도별 쌀 수량 감소는 새섬매자기의 경우, ㎡당 24본 이상에서, 미국외풀은 48본 이상에서 유의적으로 낮아졌으며 새섬매자기(㎡당 192본)와 미국외풀(㎡당 386본)의 최대 경합밀도에서 각각 43%, 22% 정도 감소되었다. 새섬매자기 발생밀도에 따른 수량 예측 모델식은 Y=531.3kg/(1+0.003931x), r²=0.964, 미국외풀은 Y=547.0kg/(1+0.000792x), r²=0.922으로 나타나 벼에 대한 새섬매자기의 경합력이 미국외풀 보다 약 5.0배 정도 큰 것으로 나타났다. 또한, Cousens(1985) 방법에 따른 초종별 경제적 방제수준은 새섬매자기는 ㎡당 7.2본, 미국외풀은 34.9본으로 나타나 이에 비해 잡초 발생밀도가 높을 때는 방제하는 것이 경제적으로 유리할 것으로 판단되었다. This study was conducted to find the levels of reduction in rice yield and to determine economic threshold levels as affected by densities of Scirpus planiculmis and Lindernia dubia in wet seeding rice cultivation. In wet seeding rice cultivation, yield of rice in densities of S. planiculmis (192 per m²) and L. dubia (384 per m²) was reduced by 43 and 22%, respectively. Relationship between rice yield and densities of weeds were predicted with these equations of Y=531.3kg/(1+0.003931x), r²=0.964 for S. planiculmis and Y=547.0kg/(1+0.000792x), r²=0.922 for L. dubia. According to Cousens" method, economic threshold densities of S. planiculmis and L. dubia were calculated by 7.2 and 34.9 per m², respectively. This result indicated that yield of rice in wet seeding rice cultivation could be reduced by over economic threshold densities of S. planiculmis and L. dubia.

벼 유기재배 시 녹비작물 처리에 의한 작물의 생육, 수량 및 품질 비교

차광홍,오환중,박흥규,안규남,박노동,정우진,Cha, Kwang-Hong,Oh, Hwan-Jung,Park, Heung-Gyu,An, Kyu-Nam,Park, Ro-Dong,Jung, Woo-Jin 한국유기농업학회 2011 한국유기농업학회지 Vol.19 No.1

To investigate a comparison of rice yield and quality by a utilization of green crops using barley and hairyvetch, this study was carried out in rice (Oryza sativa L.) organic cultivation field. Convention barley harvest (CBH), Green barley crop (GBC), Green barley+Green Hairyvetch crop (GB+HVC), and Non-Green crop (NGC) were treated in rice cultivation field. The results obtained as following: 1) Culm length and pancile length in Convention barley harvest (CBH) cultivation were longer than organic cultivation but were not significant difference in all treatments. Yields of milled rice in Green barley crop (GBC) and Green barley+Green Hairyvetch crop (GB+HVC) were by 90.3% and 95.9%, respectively. 2) Protein contents in Green barley crop (GBC) and Green barley+Green Hairyvetch crop (GB+HVC) were by 5.7% lower than 6.6% in Convention barley harvest (CBH) cultivation. Amylose contents in all treatment were similar as range 18.8% to 19.1%. Whiteness contents in Green barley crop (GBC) and Green barley+Green Hairyvetch crop (GB+HVC) were slightly higher by 38.9% and 39.1%, respectively, than 37.7% in Convention barley harvest (CBH) cultivation. 3) Palatability values in Barley harvest (BH) and Non-Green crop (NGC) were slightly higher by 82.0 and 83.8, respectively, than 77.6 in Convention barley harvest (CBH) cultivation. 4) Head rice in Non-Green crop (NGC) was 95.5%, while that of Convention barley harvest (CBH), Green barley crop (GBC), and Green barley+Green Hairy-vetch crop (GB+HVC) were slightly low as range 93.8% to 94.2%. White core and belly rice in Convention barley harvest (CBH) cultivation was the highest level by 1.7%. 5) Leaf blast, neck blast, sheath blight, rice stem maggot, rice leaf roller, rice leaf-tier, and green rice leafhopper were occurred lightly in rice field.

유기재배매뉴얼을 활용한 유기쌀 생산

차광홍,오환중,서동준,송용수,안준섭,안규남,정우진,Cha, Kwang-Hong,Oh, Hwan-Jung,Seo, Dong-Jun,Song, Yong-Su,Ahn, Joon-Seob,An, Kyu-Nam,Jung, Woo-Jin 한국유기농업학회 2014 한국유기농업학회지 Vol.22 No.1

An actual proof experiment was carried out to establish the production of high quality organic rice at farm household in Gwangjin, Junnam, Korea 2011. Experimental plot was designed with conventional organic cultivation and manual organic cultivation in both Hopeongbyeo and Onnuri varities. Experimental field was consisted with suitable drainage loam soil, anryong series, and normal paddy field. Chemical characteristics of the soil were investigated from initial soil and soil after harvest in experimental sites. Seed disinfection was treated with hot water dipping method at $60^{\circ}C$ for 10 min. Rice transplanting was carried out at 17 June with 25 days seedling using machine transplanting. Golden apple snail was used to prevent weed growth as middle size (1.5~1.7 kg/10a) at one week after rice transplanting. Amount of applied fertilizer in experimental plot was supplied with organic fertilizer for the shortage after harvest of hairy vetch (1,100 kg/10a). Bordeaux mixture was used to control of sheath blight and neck blast disease in all experimental plot at 19 Aug. Application of chitin culture solution was treated in manual organic cultivation at 2 and 15 Aug. At late growth stage, incidence rate of neck blast was the highest level at Hopyeongbyeo in conventional organic cultivation. Incidence rate of sheath blight in both Hopyeongbyeo and Onnuri was higher in conventional organic cultivation than in manual organic cultivation. Incidence of rice leaf folder was the highest level at Onnuri in conventional organic cultivation. Yield index in manual organic cultivation was increased by 13% and 38% at Onnuri and Hopyeongbyeo, respectively, compared with conventional organic cultivation. Head rice percentage in both Hopyeongbyeo and Onnuri was slightly increased in manual organic cultivation. These results indicate that high quality production of rice organic cultivation could be depending on management of safe fertilization with nutrient content in soil.

친환경 광역단지 내 젤라틴·키틴분해미생물을 이용한 유기 벼 생산

최승희,차광홍,서동준,박흥규,권오도,안규남,이재학,김길용,정우진,Choi, Seung-Hee,Cha, Kwang-Hong,Seo, Dong-Jun,Park, Hung-Gyu,Kwon, Oh-Do,An, Kyu-Nam,Lee, Jai-Hak,Kim, Kil-Yong,Jung, Woo-Jin 한국유기농업학회 2018 한국유기농업학회지 Vol.26 No.4

1. 유기재배구의 토양조건은 배수가 약간 불량한 미사질 양토인 전북통 보통답으로 유효규산이 높은 것을 제외하고는 우리나라 논토양의 화학적 성분과 평균 함량이 유사하였다. 2. 관행재배구와 유기재배구 간에 생육은 초장, 분얼수, 이삭수, 이삭길이 모두 관행재배구에서 높은 것을 확인하였으며 이삭당 입수와 등숙율은 유기재배구에서 다소 높게 나타났다. 3. 병해충 발생정도는 물바구미, 잎집무늬마름병, 혹명나방, 도열병이 유기재배구에서 많이 발생하였고, 이삭누룩병은 관행재배구에서 조금 더 많이 발생하였다. 4. 주요 관리대상 병해충인 잎집무늬마름병(y=-0.2848x+199.57, $R^2=0.704^*$), 혹명나방 발생(y=-0.1361x+92.535, $R^2=0.8049^*$)과 쌀 수량과의 관계에서 유의성이 높은 부의 상관관계가 나타났다. 5. 백미 품질은 유기재배구에서 파쇄미의 증가로 완전립 비율이 낮았지만, 단백질함량이 관행재배구에 비해 낮아 전반적인 품질 및 윤기치가 높아졌다. 6. 쌀 재배 순수익은 관행재배구에서 36만원/10a, 유기재배구에서 61만원/10a로 유기재배구의 순수익이 68% 높게 나타났다.

벼 담수직파에서 알방동사니의 발생밀도에 따른 쌀 수량예측 및 경제적 방제밀도 수준 설정

권오도(Oh-Do Kwon),문병철(Byeong-Chul Moon),안규남(Kyu-Nam An),박흥규(Heung-Gyu Park),신해룡(Hae-Ryong Shin),국용인(Yong In Kuk) 韓國雜草學會 2009 Weed&Turfgrass Science Vol.29 No.2

벼 담수직파재배에서 피와 알방동사니의 경합밀도애 따른 쌀 수량 감소 예측모델 개발과 경제적 방제밀도 수준을 설정하기 위해 시험을 수행한 결과는 다음과 같다. 벼 담수직파재배에서 잡초 경합밀도별 쌀수량 감소는 피의 경우, ㎡당 8본 이상에서, 알방동사니는 196본 이상에서 유의적으로 낮아졌으며 피(㎡당 96본)와 알방동사니(㎡당 576본)의 최대 경합밀도에서는 각각 87%, 43% 정도 감소되었다. 쌀의 품위는 피의 경합밀도가 증가함에 따라 완전미의 비율과 취반미윤기치가 낮아지고, 미숙립의 비율이 높아졋으나 알방동사니에서는 차이가 없었다. 초종별 경합밀도에 따른 수량 예측 모델식은 Y=564.1kg/(1+0.03782) r²=0.952, 알방동사니는 Y=558.9kg/(1+0.001134x), r²=0.886으로 나타나 피가 알방동사니 보다 약 33.3배 정도 큰 것으로 나타났다. Cousens(1985) 방법에 따른 초종별 경제적 방제밀도 수준은 피의 경우, ㎡당 0.6본, 알방동사니는 18.6본으로 나타나 이에 비해 잡초 발생밀도가 높을때는 방제하는 것이 경제적으로 유리할 것으로 판단되었다. This study was conducted to find the levels of reduction in yield and to determine economic threshold levels as affected by densities of Echinochloa crus-galli and Cyperus difformis in wet seeding rice cultivation. In wet seeding rice cultivation, yield of rice in densities of E. crus-galli (96 per ㎡) and C. difformis (576 per ㎡) was reduced by 87 and 43%, respectively. Head rice and quality of rice were obviously reduced by increasing densities of E. crus-galli, and immature rice was increased by increasing densities of E. crus-galli. However, there was no significant correlation between densities of C. difformis and quality of rice. Relationship between rice yield and densities of weeds were predicted with equations of Y=264.1/(1+0.03782x), r²=0.89 for C. difformis. The competitiveness of E. crus-galli was 33-fold higher than that of C. difformis. Economic threshold densities of E. crus-galli and C. difformis were calculated by 0.6 and 18.6 ㎡ according to Cousens’ method, respectively. This result indicated that yield of rice in wet seeding rice cultivation could be reduced by over the economic threshold densities of E. crus-galli and C. difformis.

HPPD 저해 제초제에 대한 벼 품종별 약해 반응

권오도(Oh Do Kwon),신서호(Seo Ho Shin),안규남(Kyu Nam An),이인(Yeen Lee),민현경(Hyun Kyeong Min),박흥규(Heung Gyu Park),신해룡(Hae Ryoung Shin),정하일(Ha-Il Jung),국용인(Yong In Kuk) 韓國雜草學會 2012 Weed&Turfgrass Science Vol.32 No.3

본 연구의 목적은 설포닐우레아계 제초제에 대한 저항성 잡초종 방제에 효과적인 HPPD(4-hydroxy phenylpyruvate dioxygenase) 저해 제초제, mestrione, benzobicyclone 및 tefuryltrion에 대한 벼 품종 간의 약해정도를 구명하기 위하여 수행하였다. 총 26 벼 품종(통일형 8품종 그리고 일본형 18품종)은 육묘상자에서 25일 동안 생육시킨 후 이앙하였고, 이앙 후 5, 10, 그리고 15일에 각각의 제초제를 표준량 그리고 배량을 처리하였다. 비록 mestrione, benzobicyclone 및 tefuryltrion 제초제가 동일한 HPPD 저해 제초제들이지만 이들 제초제의 처리 시기나 약량에 따라 벼 품종별 약해정도와 증상은 서로 상이하였다. 시험약제 모두에서 통일형 품종이 일본형 품종보다 약해가 심하게 발생하였다. Mesotrione은 약량이 증가할수록, benzobicyclon은 처리시기가 빠르고 약량이 증가할수록 약해가 심하였다. 반면에 tefuryltrion은 처리시기와 약량에 따라 품종간의 약해변이는 크지 않았다. Mesotrione과 benzobicyclon에 대한 통일형 품종인 한강찰벼 1호와 향미벼 1호, 초다수성 품종인 남천벼, 다산벼, 아름벼, 그리고 한아름벼 품종들의 약해는 처리시기 및 약량에 관계없이 백화, 잎과 줄기의 갈변, 잎 꺾임, 괴사를 동반한 5~8 정도의 약해 증상을 보인 반면에 tefuryltrion은 단지 1~3 정도의 황화 및 백화, 갈변 증상만을 보였다. 일본형 품종에 대한 약해는 제초제의 처리시 기와 약량에 따라 1~2 정도의 가벼운 약해 증상을 보였지만 제초제 종류에 따라 품종간에 유의적인 차이를 나타냈다. 13개의 일본형 품종들은 benzobicyclone에 대해 민감하였으며, 일본형 4품종과 7품종들은 각각의 mestrione과 tefuryltrion에 대해 황화 및 백화를 동반한 증상이 나타났다. 그러므로 mestrione과 benzobicyclone, 그리고 tefuryltrion 성분이 함유된 혼합제는 처리시기 및 처리약량에 관계없이 벼 생태형 간에 심각한 약해 증상을 나타내므로 식용(기능성용 및 가공용 벼) 또는 사료용을 위한 벼 재배 포장에서의 사용을 지양해야 할 것으로 사료된다. The objectives of this study were to investigate the levels of phytotoxicity of rice varieties to HPPD (4-hydroxy phenylpyruvate dioxygenase)-inhibiting herbicides known for their efficiency to control the sulfonylureas-resistant weed species:mestrione, benzobicyclone, and tefuryltrione. The twenty-six rice varieties (8-Japonica ⨯ Indica-type varieties and 18-Japonica-type varieties) were grown for 25 days on seedling trays and then transplanted to paddy rice fields followed by herbicide treatment i.e. standard and double doses of there respective herbicides at 5, 10, and 15 days after transplanting. Although mestrione, benzobicyclone and tefuryltrione are all HPPD-inhibiting herbicides, the phytotoxicity symptoms of the different rice varieties based on the timing of application and doses of the herbicides were significantly different. The Japonica ⨯ Indica-type varieties showed much more phytotoxicity symptoms than Japonica-type varieties in all applied herbicides. Increasing herbicidal doses of mesotrione, and an earlier application of and increasing herbicidal doses of benzobicyclon caused severe phytotoxicity symptoms. On the other hand, phytotoxicity due to tefuryltrione did not exhibit significant differences between rice varieties in either the timing of application or dose of the herbicide. Regardless of timing of application and dose of the herbicides, Hangangchalbyeo-1, Hyangmibyeo-1 and high-yield rice varieties such as Namcheonbyeo, Dasanbyeo, Areumbyeo, and Hanareumbyeo, which belong to the Japonica ⨯ Indica-type varieties, showed 5 to 8 levels of phytotoxicity symptoms including albinism, browning, detached leaf, and necrosis to mesotrione and benzobicyclon whereas only 1 to 3 levels of phytotoxicity symptoms (chlorosis, albinism, and browning) were seen with to tefuryltrione application. The Japonica-type varieties exhibited only slight phytotoxicity symptoms (1~2 levels) in conformity with the timing of application and doses of the herbicides. However, there were significant differences among the Japonica-type rice varieties, depending on the type of herbicide. Thirteen-Japonica type rice varieties were sensitive to benzobicyclone while 4-Japonica-type and 7-Japonica-type varieties showed phytotoxicity symptoms such as chlorosis and albinism with mestrione and tefuryltrione application, respectively. Therefore, we suggest that the combined-type herbicides including mestrione, benzobicyclone and tefuryltrione should be rejected in paddy fields where rice is grown for either human consumption (functional or processed rice) or livestock feed because of severe phytotoxicity symptoms on the various rice varieties seen regardless of the timing of application and doses of the herbicides.

벼 친환경재배에서 다양한 유기자원별 잡초방제효과

권오도(Oh Do Kwon),박흥규(Heung Gyu Park),안규남(Kyu Nam An),이인(Yeen Lee),신서호(Seo Ho Shin),신길호(Gil Ho Shin),신해룡(Hae Ryoung Shin),국용인(Yong In Kuk) 韓國雜草學會 2010 Weed&Turfgrass Science Vol.30 No.3

본 연구의 목적은 벼 친환경재배 농가에서 사용되고 있는 다양한 유기자원들에 대한 잡초방제 효과와 문제점을 구명하여 친환경 벼 재배지에서 잡초관리기 술을 확립하기 위하여 수행하였다. 친환경 벼 재배지 에서 잡초발생밀도와 종류가 서로 다른 조건하에서 다양한 유기자원을 처리한 결과 왕우렁이, 종이멀칭 및 기계제초의 잡초방제 효과는 유사하였으나 쌀겨 및 EM당밀처리에서는 잡초발생량이 많은 처리구에서 적은 처리구에 비해 잡초방제 효과가 높았다. 일반적으로 유기자원처리에 의한 잡초방제 효과는 왕우렁이(97~100%) > 종이멀칭(93~98%) > 기계제초(73~75%) > 쌀겨(15~80%) > 당밀(7~31%) 순이었다. 왕우렁이는 여뀌를 제외하고 모든 초종에 대하여 높은 방제효과를 보였고, 종이멀칭도 피와 여뀌바늘, 올방개 등이 다소 발생하나 비교적 우수한 효과를 보였으며, 기계제초는 잡초종에 관계없이 전반적으로 70%의 방제효과를 보였다. 쌀겨/기계 및 EM/기계의 체계처리에 의한 잡초방제 효과는 각각의 단독처리에 비해 차이가 없었으나 쌀겨/ 왕우렁이 및 EM/왕우렁이 체계처리에 의해 100% 방제효과를 보였다. 다양한 유기자원 처리에 의한 벼 피해율은 왕우렁이와 기계제초(10~20%) > 쌀겨(10~15) > 종이멀칭 및 EM당밀(5~7%) 순으로 높았다. 피해증상은 유기자원에 따라 다소 다르지만 생육저해, 분얼경 가해 및 결주 등이다. 왕우렁이, 쌀겨, 당밀 및 종이피복의 잡초방제 비용은 제초제에 사용에 소요된 비용보다 각각 2.1, 3.1, 2.3 및 13.2배 높게 나타났다. 따라서 다양한 유기자원 중 친환경 벼 재배지에서 왕우렁이를 이용하여 잡초를 방제하는 것이 가장 적합할 것으로 사료된다. 추후 왕우렁이 농법 사용시 발생되는 제초비용과 벼 피해를 줄일 수 있는 연구가 수행되어야 할 것이다. The objective of this research was to find out the weed management techniques in environment-friendly rice paddy fields through the study on herbicidal effects and problems of various organic material. This experiment was conducted under different conditions of weed species and weed densities in environment-friendly rice paddy fields. There was no difference in weedy efficacy on golden apple snail (GAS), paper mulching (PM), and machine weeding (MW) between low and high weed densities. However, the effect of weed control in rice bran (RB) and effective microorganism (EM) + molasses was higher in high weed density than in low weed density. In general, the effect of weed control a affected by various organic materials was in the order of GAS (97-100%) > PM (93-98%) > RB (15-80%) > EM (7-31%). GAS provided excellent control of all weed species tested except for Persicaria hydropiper. PM gave acceptable control of the weed species except for Echinochloa crus-galli, Ludwigia prostrata, and Eleocharis kuroguwai. However, MW gave fair control (70% biomass reduction) of all weed species tested. BR followed by MW or EM followed by MW treatments had similar effect on weed control compared to each treatment alone. However, BR followed by GAS or EM followed by GAS provided 100% control of weed species tested. The level of rice foliar injury caused by various organic materials was in the order of GAS and MW (10-20%) > RB (10-15%) > PM and EM (5-7%). Typical symptoms of organic materials are wilting, inhibition of growth, missing hill, and reduction of tiller. Cost for weed control of GAS, RB, EM, and PM were 2.1, 3.1, 2.3 and 13.2 times higher than that of the herbicide. These data indicate GAS was the best method for weed management in environment-friendly rice paddy fields. Further study is required to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the rice injury as affected by GAS.

Effect of Chitinase-Producing Paenibacillus illinoisensis KJA-424 on Egg Hatching of Root-Knot Nematode (Meloidogyne incognita)

Woo Jin Jung(정우진),Soon Ju Jung(정순주),Kyu Nam An(안규남),Yu Lan Jin(김옥란),Ro Dong Park(박노동),Kil Yong Kim(김길용),Tae Hwan Kim(김태환) 한국토양비료학회 2002 한국토양비료학회 학술발표회 초록집 Vol.2002 No.10