Cichorium intybus Linn. Extract Prevents Type 2 Diabetes Through Inhibition of NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation

심도완,한지원,지영은,신우영,KOPPULA SUSHRUTA,김명기,김태권,박표잠,강태봉,이광호 한국식품영양과학회 2016 Journal of medicinal food Vol.19 No.3

This study provides the scientific basis for the inhibitory effect of the aerial parts of Cichorium intybus Linn. (C. intybus) on the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in vitro and on high-fat diet (HFD)-induced type-2 diabetes (T2D). Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-primed bone marrow-derived macrophages were used to study the effects methanolic extract of C. intybus leaf (CI) on inflammasome activation. An insulin resistance model (mice fed a HFD) was used to study the in vivo effect of CI on T2D. CI attenuated interleukin-1β (IL-1β) secretion by inhibiting the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in mouse bone marrow macrophages. The CI treatment attenuated the intracellular movement of NLRP3 in Triton X-100 insoluble fraction, without affecting the expression of other NLRP3 inflammasome-related proteins. Attenuated IL-1β secretion may improve glucose metabolism in the HFD-fed insulin resistance mouse model. CI also attenuated the infiltration of M1 macrophages and increased the M2 macrophage population in white adipose tissue. Collectively, our data showed that CI inhibits IL-1β secretion through attenuation of NLRP3 inflammasome activation, leading to an antidiabetic effect by improving glucose metabolism and inhibiting metainflammation.

사이즈를 조절한 홍삼분말의 첨가가 어묵의 품질 특성에 미치는 영향

심도완(Do-Wan Shim),강군(Jun Jiang),김진효(Jin-Hyo Kim),김원우(Won-Wu Kim),강위수(Wie-Soo Kang),최원석(Won-Seok Choi),허선진(Sun-Jin Hur),김동영(Dong-Young Kim),김규천(Kyu-Cheon Kim),이광호(Kwang-Ho Lee) 한국식품영양과학회 2012 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.41 No.10

고품질 어묵 개발을 위하여 홍삼(red ginseng)을 크기가 다른 미세 분말화하여 튀김 어묵을 제조한 다음 색조 변화, 보존성, 가열감량, 지방산화, 총균수와 같은 물리, 화학, 생물학적 특성을 조사하였다. 홍삼분말이 첨가된 어묵의 관능검사를 실시한 결과, 1%와 850 μm 크기의 홍삼분말첨가가 최적으로 나타났다. 홍삼분말이 들어간 어묵의 경우 색도의 변화에서 L값은 감소하는 경향을 나타냈으며, a값과 b값은 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 이는 대체적으로 첨가물이 들어간 다른 어묵들과 비슷한 경향을 보였다. 그리고 물성검사에서 홍삼분말 90 μm 처리군에서만 경도와 씹힘성이 유의적으로 증가하는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 그리고 가열감량에서도 홍삼분말이 들어간 어묵이 시중 어묵에 비해서 가열했을 때 어묵 자체의 무게 변화가 더 적은 것을 확인하였다. 지방산패도 측정결과 홍삼분말이 들어간 어묵이 일반 어묵에 비해 지질산화 억제효능이 높은 것을 확인하였다. 특히 사이즈가 가장 작은 10 μm의 홍삼분말을 첨가했을 때 지질산화 억제 효능이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구결과 1% 수준의 홍삼 분말을 어묵에 첨가하는 것이 풍미 증가와 이화학적인 안정성뿐만 아니라 저장성 또한 증가시킬 수 있는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 홍삼의 사이즈를 조절하여 첨가함으로써 그 기능성을 더욱 향상시킬 뿐만 아니라 생리활성 효능을 가진 홍삼이 함유된 고품질의 어묵을 생산할 수 있는 것으로 나타났다. Fried fish pastes containing different size and amounts of red ginseng powder (RGP) were manufactured, and their physico-chemical and biological properties, including color changes, preservation, weight loss after heating, lipid oxidation, and total colony count were analyzed to improve fish paste quality. Sensory evaluation of fish pastes containing RGP was carried out, and the results showed that 1% and 850 μm sized RGP additives were most preferred. In the color change test, decreased L<SUP>*</SUP> (lightness), increased a<SUP>*</SUP> (redness), and increased b<SUP>*</SUP> (yellowness) values were observed, which was similar to other additive-containing commercial fish pastes. In the physical properties test, hardness and chewiness significantly increased in the 90 μm sized RGP group. Weight loss of fish pastes containing RGP after heating was attenuated compared to commercial fish pastes. Fish paste containing RGP showed an inhibitory effect on lipid oxidation. Especially, the 10 μm sized RGP group showed the most significant inhibitory effect on lipid oxidation and reduced total microbes during storage. Therefore, 1% addition of RGP can give rise to high quality fish pastes through improvement of sensory evaluation and physico-chemical properties. Moreover, functionally and physiologically improved fish pastes can be produced by adding different amounts of RGP.

Zika Virus Impairs Host NLRP3-mediated Inflammasome Activation in an NS3-dependent Manner

김은지,심도완,황인화,신옥,유제욱 대한면역학회 2019 Immune Network Vol.19 No.6

Zika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus associated with severe neurological disorders including Guillain-Barré syndrome and microcephaly. The host innate immune responses against ZIKV infection are essential for protection; however, ZIKV has evolved strategies to evade and antagonize antiviral responses via its nonstructural (NS) proteins. Here, we demonstrated that ZIKV infection unexpectedly inhibits NLRP3-dependent inflammasome activation in bone marrow-derived macrophages and mixed glial cells from mouse brain. ZIKV infection led to increased transcript levels of proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β and IL-6 via activating NF-κB signaling. However, ZIKV infection failed to trigger the secretion of active caspase-1 and IL-1β from macrophages and glial cells even in the presence of LPS priming or ATP costimulation. Intriguingly, ZIKV infection significantly attenuated NLRP3-dependent, but not absent in melanoma 2-dependent caspase-1 activation and IL-1β secretion from both cells. ZIKV infection further blocked apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain oligomerization in LPS/ATP-stimulated macrophages. Interestingly, expression of ZIKV NS3 protein reduced NLRP3-mediated caspase-1 activation and IL-1β secretion in macrophages, whereas NS1 and NS5 proteins showed no effects. Furthermore, NLRP3 was found to be degraded by the overexpression of ZIKV NS3 in 293T cells. Collectively, these results indicate that ZIKV evades host NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated innate immune responses in macrophages and glial cells; this may facilitate ZIKV's ability to enhance the replication and dissemination in these cells.

괴화(槐花) 에탄올 추출물이 RBL-2H3 비만세포에서 Ca<SUP>++</SUP> Ionophore에 의한 알레르기 반응 조절에 미치는 효과

손효(Sun Xiao),강군(Jun Jiang),심도완(Do-Wan Shim),김태권(Tae-Kweon Kim),강태봉(Tae-Bong Kang),이광호(Kwang-Ho Lee) 한국식품영양과학회 2014 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.43 No.3

세포내 Ca<SUP>++</SUP>의 증가는 비만세포에서 수용체 활성을 거치지 않고 탈과립을 유도한다. 괴화는 천연 염색 재료로 사용되고 있으며, 또한 항염증 작용과 FcεRI와 IgE 가교에 의한 항알레르기 효능도 보고되었다. 이번 연구에서 비만세포에서 Ca<SUP>++</SUP> 유입에 의해 생산되는 알레르기 매개물에 대한 괴화추출물의 조절 기능을 보고한다. 괴화 추출물은 A23187에 의해 유도되는 IL-4와 TNF-α의 생산과 탈과립을 저해하였다. 또한 괴화 추출물은 DNFB로 유도한 알레르기 피부염의 동물 모델에서 알레르기 반응을 억제하였다. 괴화추출물 50 mg/kg을 경구투여 또는 도말을 한 경우, DNFB를 단독으로 처리한 군보다 IL-4, TNF 그리고 IFN-γ와 같은 염증성 사이토카인의 생산량이 감소하였다. 또한 괴화 추출물을 처리한 경우 혈청 내 IgE의 함량이 DNFB를 단독으로 처리한 군보다 감소하였다. 괴화 추출물을 처리한 군에서의 비장과 림프절의 무게도 DNFB를 단독으로 처리한 군보다 감소하였다. 이러한 결과를 토대로 괴화는 비만세포에서 FcεRI 자극뿐만 아니라 Ca<SUP>++</SUP>의 유입에 의한 항알레르기 효능이 있다는 것을 보고한다. Elevation of intracellular calcium (Ca<SUP>++</SUP>) triggers degranulation of mast cells by bypassing receptor activation. Flos Sophora japonica L. has been used as a natural dying source and has been reported to have biological activities such as anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic effects through FcεRI and IgE crosslinking. In the present investigation, we report the regulatory effect of ethanolic extract of Flos Sophora japonica L. (S.F) on allergic mediators produced by Ca<SUP>++</SUP> ionophore activation in mast cells. S.F significantly inhibited calcium ionophore (A23187)-induced interleukin (IL)-4 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α production as well as mast cell degranulation. Furthermore, administration of S.F suppressed allergic reactions in a 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB)-induced allergic dermatitis mouse model. Both oral administration and ear painting using 50 mg/kg of S.F significantly reduced levels of cytokines such as IL-4, TNF, and interferon-γ in ear tissues compared to the DNFB alone-treated group. Serum IgE level in the S.F-treated group also decreased compared to the DNFB alone-treated group. Weights of spleens and lymph nodes in the S.F-treated groups also decreased compared to the control group. Considering the data, we conclude that S.F mediates its anti-allergic effects not only through FcεRI stimulation but also Ca<SUP>++</SUP> influx in mast cells.