방정환의 민족주의와 어린이 문학교육

신정아(Shin Jung-a) 동아인문학회 2019 동아인문학 Vol.46 No.-

어린이들을 바르게 기르고 가르쳐야 한다는 소파의 일관된 정신은 1920년 그가 일본에 유학한 시기부터 본격화되었다. 방정환이 유학기간 동안 일본에서 받은 영향은 외국 작품을 번안하거나 전국 각지를 순회하면서 동화구연을 한 것, 그리고 개벽사의 일을 도우면서 『어린이』지를 발행하는 일이었다. 그러나 근대 일본 아동문학의 중심인물인 이와야 사자나미(栗谷小波) 혹은 오가와 미메이(小川未明)와 사상적으로 일치하는 부분을 찾기는 쉽지 않다. 당시 일본의 주요 잡지였던 『소년세계』(少年世界), 『아카이도리』(赤い鳥),『킨노후네』(金の船)등에서도 마찬가지다. 이유인즉 방정환의 어린이문학교육은 독립을 향한 의지와 투철한 민족주의에서 비롯되었기 때문이다. 한편, 그의 번안 작품집 『사랑의 선물』과 소년운동의 실천적 모체인『어린이』지에 선별된 작품은 식민지 상황과 일본의 영향에서 벗어날 수 없었다. 민족의 고통을 동반한 그의 작품은, 식민지 시대를 사는 어린이와 어른이 함께 읽고 느낄 수 있는 작품을 우선시했다. 특히, 어른에게 구박을 받거나 매를 맞는 주인공이 많이 등장하는데, 식민지 조선의 어린이를 동정하고 그들에게 위로를 주는 작품을 읽히는데 주력했다. 이것은 어린이와 어른의 관계이기도 하지만, 한편으로는 식민지 조선과 일본의 관계가 성립되기도 한다. 약자와 강자로 정리되는 관계는 시대적 상황으로 말미암아 이중적인 의미를 부여하는 것이다. Cheondoky`s council for children was established by Kim, Ki-joen, Bang, Jung-hwan, and Lee, Jung-jo on May 1st, 1921 but Bang, Jung-hwan was studying abroad at that time, not involving directly in it. Bang, Jung-hwan was responsible for tasks as a special correspondent in Tokyo for Kaebyeok, a comprehensive magazine which had been established in June, 1920, and for building Tokyo branch of Cheondokyo"s council for youth(Feb 13th, 2921)(Yeom, Hee-kyoung, 78). Since then, he organized Saekdongheo(Coloring Council) with other Korean students who shared his thought, and held the opening ceremony. In addition, early editing for the magazine, Children(Eorinyi) was made in Tokyo. So the Japanese influences on Bang, Jung-hwan during his study in Japan truly affected Korean modern children`s literature education. There have been quite many studies about the Japanese influences on the modern Korean children`s literature education. These studies are dominated with the evaluation that key role of Ywaya Sazanami(hereinafter Sazanami), the father of Japanese children`s literature with regard to the Japanese influences on modern Korean children`s literature education. However, in-depth analysis, Bang, Jung-hwan`s children`s literature education was derived from hope of salvation for Korean people to recover Korean sovereignty lost by Japan during Japanese colonial times, having clear difference from Japanese children`s literature education. Therefore, this study, focusing on Korean modern children`s literature education and the Japanese influences on it, aims at analyzing its truth, and reviewing Bang, Jung-hwan`s idea on children`s literature education through Gift of Love and the magazine, Children(Eorinyi). It is expected that it will be valuable study for building more accurate recognition about Bang, Jung-hwan`s children`s literature education.

테트라졸을 포함한 에너지 함유 공중합체의 합성

신정아,Shin, Jung-Ah 한국군사과학기술학회 2011 한국군사과학기술학회지 Vol.14 No.4

Polymers containing tetrazole groups are very attractive as energetic materials. Copolymer having tetrazole groups could be obtained by 3-steps from commercially available epichlorohydrin. These methods provide a new synthetic pathway to construct polymers containing tetrazole groups from non-energetic polynitrile compounds. These polymers are expected to be good candidates for green and high energetic materials.

백서 두개골 결손부에서 입자 크기에 따른 Calcium aluminate cement의 효과

신정아,윤정호,오승한,백정원,최세영,김종관,최성호,Shin, Jung-A,Yun, Jeong-Ho,Oh, Seung-Han,Paik, Jeong-Won,Choi, Se-Young,Kim, Chong-Kwan,Choi, Seong-Ho 대한치주과학회 2002 Journal of Periodontal & Implant Science Vol.32 No.4

This present study was carried out to find the effects of calcium aluminate cement($CaO\;{\cdot}\;Al_2O_3$, CAC), which has been developed with bio-compatibility and mechanical properties, in biological environments. Two different particle sizes of CAC - 3.5${\mu}m$ vs. 212${\sim}$250${\mu}m$ which is recommended in periodontal bone grafting procedures-were filled in 8mm calvarial defect in Sprague-Dawley rat. The specimens were examined histologically, especially the bone-cement interface and the response of surrounding tissues. The results are as follows; 1. In the control group, inflammatory cells were observed at 2 weeks. At 8 weeks, periosteum and dura mater were continuously joined together in the defect areas. But in the center of defect area were filled up with the loose connective tissues. 2. In the experimental group l($212{\mu}m{\sim}250{\mu}m$ particle), immature bone was formed and outermost layer was surrounded by osteoid layer at 2 weeks. Osteoblasts were arranged between immature bone and osteoid layer. And, osteoid layer was remained until 8 weeks after surgery. 3. In the experimental group 2, periosteum and dura mater lost its continuity at 2 weeks. Scattering of CAC particles and infiltration of inflammatory cells were observed, which this findings deepened at 8 weeks. The result of this study shows that when calvarial defects in white rats are filled with calcium aluminate cement of 212${\sim}$250${\mu}m$, the materials are to be bio-compatible in growth and healing on surrounding tissues. When further researches are fulfilled, such as direct bone adhesion and bone regeneration ability, it's possible that CAC could be applied to various periodontology fields in the future.

버들치(Rhynchocypris oxycephalus)에서 에스트로겐류 물질에 의한 vitellogenin의 유도 및 단일클론항체 제작

신정아,송재영,임희영,장민호,이혜민,정규희,임윤규,윤병수,Shin, Jung-A,Song, Jae-Young,Lim, Hee-Young,Chang, Min-Ho,Lee, Hye-Min,Chung, Kyu-Hoi,Lim, Yoon-Kyu,Yoon, Byoung-Su 대한수의학회 2006 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.46 No.1

Vitellogenin (Vtg), a phospholipoglycoprotein precursor of egg yolk is synthesized and secreted from the liver in response to estrogens in female fish. Vtg is normally undetectable in the blood of male fish, but can be induced by exposure to chemicals possessing estrogenic activity. Thus, the presence of Vtg in blood of male fish can serve as a useful biomarker for assessing previous exposure to estrogenic compounds. In the present study, Vtg was abnormally expressed in Rhynchocypris oxycephalus using estradiol benzoate ($E_2$). As the result, it was found that the level of Vtg in blood from R. oxycephalus was increased by treated quantity of $E_2$ with dose-effect manner. Monoclonal antibodies were generated against Vtg of R. oxycephalus. The hybridoma were screened with an enzyme immunoassay for the production of specific anti-Vtg antibodies. Five positive cell lines with a high specificity were selected. Monoclonal antibodies against vtg of R. oxycephalus that was developed in this study, may be a useful bio-indicator for the detection of estrogenic contamination in the aquatic ecosystem.

LiF-maleic acid 첨가 calcium aluminate 골시멘트 및 CA-PMMA 복합 골시멘트가 백서 두개골 결손부 치유에 미치는 영향

신정아,윤정호,오승한,백정원,최세영,김종관,최성호,Shin, Jung-A,Yun, Jeong-Ho,Oh, Seung-Han,Baik, Jeong-Won,Choi, Se-Young,Kim, Chong-Kwan,Choi, Seong-Ho 대한치주과학회 2002 Journal of Periodontal & Implant Science Vol.32 No.4

The purpose of this study was to evaluate histologically the effect of LiF-maleic acid added calcium aluminate(LM-CA) bone cement & CA-PMMA composite bone cement on the healing of calvarial defect in Sprague-Dawley rats. The critical size defects were surgically produced in the calvarial bone using the 8mm trephine bur. The rats were divided in three groups : In the control group, nothing was applied into the defect of each rat. LM-CA bone cement was implanted in the experimental group 1 and CA-PMMA composite bone cement was implanted in the experimental group 2. Rats were sacrificed at 2, 8 weeks after surgical procedure. The specimens were examined by histologic analysis, especially about the bone-cement interface and the response of surrounding tissue. The results are as follows; 1. In the control group, inflammatory infiltration was observed at 2 weeks. At 8 weeks, periosteum and duramater were continuously joined together in the defect area. But the center of defect area was filled up with the loose connective tissue. 2. In the experimental group 1, the bonding between implanted bone cement and the existing bone was seen, which more increased in 8 weeks than 2 weeks. Inflammatory infiltration and the dispersion of implanted bone cement particles were seen in both 2 weeks and 8 weeks. 3. In the experimental group 2, implanted bone itself had a dimensional stability and no bonding between implanted bone cement and the existing bone was seen in both 2 weeks and 8 weeks. Implanted bone cement was encapsulated by fibrous connective tissue. In addition, inflammatory infiltration was seen around implanted bone cement. On the basis of these results, when LM-CA bone cement or CA-PMMA composite bone cement was implanted in rat calvarial defect, LM-CA bone cement can be used as a bioactive bone graft material due to ability of bonding to the existing bone and CA-PMMA can be used as a graft material for augmentation of bone-volume due to dimensional stability.

유학생을 대상으로 한 ‘놀이’ 중심의 한국문화적응 방안 -여가, 한류, 축제를 바탕으로-

신정아(Shin, Jung-a) 동아인문학회 2019 동아인문학 Vol.49 No.-

본고는 유학생활의 스트레스를 최소화하고 문화적응력을 높이는 대응책으로써, ‘놀이’를 활용하는 방안을 제시하였다. 그중에서도 여가, 한류, 축제를 중심으로 논하였다. 집단적인 모임에 익숙한 한국문화에 적응하기 위해서는 동아리 또는 스포츠 등 여가활동에 참여하는 것이 도움이 된다. 이것으로 자연스럽게 사회적 거리감이 완화되는 것은 물론 문화적응력을 높일 수도 있다. 또한, 유학생들이 K-POP 노래와 댄스를 익히고, 드라마를 보면서 배우의 대사를 따라 해보는 것, 스타의 메이크업을 연출해보는 것은 한국에서 그들의 관심사이자 취미가 될 수도 있기 때문에 학습이 아닌 ‘놀이’ 개념에 가깝다. 그럼에도 유학 오기 전 고향에서 기대했던 바와 달리 한류 문화를 직접 체험할 기회를 충분히 갖지 못하고 있는 실정이다. 위의 문제를 해결하는 방안은 대학의 수업에서 외국인을 위한 한류 교과목을 개설하는 것이다. 유학생들이 평소 관심 있었던 한류 문화를 수업 시간에 체험하는 것은 놀이학습으로도 의미가 있다. 아울러 한국은 축제가 매우 발달한 나라이다. 그러나 유학생들은 대학축제 외에는 축제에 참여한 경험이 전혀 없는 것으로 조사되었다. 그렇다고 해서 축제에 대한 관심도가 낮은 것은 아니다. 유학생을 대상으로 한국의 대표축제는 물론 지역별 주요 축제에 대한 정보를 공유하고, 다양한 축제를 즐길 수 있도록 여건을 만들어줄 필요가 있다. 이것은 유학생에게 부담이 되지 않는 놀이문화의 하위 범주로써 한국문화적응에 긍정적인 영향을 미칠 것임이 분명하다.

강소천 동화에 발현된 아동심리와 성장모티프

신정아(Shin, Jung-A) 한국아동문학학회 2015 한국아동문학연구 Vol.- No.29

본고에서는 소천 동화에 발현된 아동심리를 크게 세 가지로 나누어 분석하였다. 첫 번째는 사랑하고 보살펴주는 사람이 없어지는 데 대한 불안과 공포 심리이다. 특히, 부모의 부재는 아동 인물에게 어떤 것으로 대체될 수 없는 결여의 부분으로 경험되며, 그 고통과 슬픔 등의 감정을 극복하면서 성장해가는 어린이를 만날 수 있었다. 두 번째는 고난과 역경 속에서도 꿋꿋이 목표를 가지고 성장해가는 아동 인물이다. 이러한 상황을 거치면서 어린이는 너무나 자연스런 질투의 감정을 경험하게 된다. 자존심에서 비롯된 경쟁 심리는 부정적으로만 이해되어질 수 없으며, 서로의 목표를 향해가는 자극제로 독자에게 전달된다. 또한, 사랑에 굶주린 아동을 발견할 수 있는데, 이들은 부모를 대신해 의지할 수 있는 인물을 만나 고달픈 감정을 위로받기도 한다. 작품 속 인물이 갖는 심리는 그 자체로서 의미를 갖는다. 이것은 크게 세가지 성장모티프로 구체화되어진다. 첫째, ‘탈mask’ 성장모티프는 마음속에 또다른 나를 지닌 것으로 착하기도 하고 나쁘기도 하다. 이것은 겉과 속이 다른 인물로 비춰질 수 있지만, 보다 성숙한 인물로 독자에게 이해되기도 한다. 특히 선한 탈mask은 ‘선행적’ 성장모티프와 연관성을 지니며, 역사적 맥락과도 관련이 있다. 소천 동화에 나타난 아동 인물은 어떤 면에서 너무 빨리 철이 든 아이들이다. 작품 속 인물의 선행이 보편적이지는 않으나, 고난과 역경을 거친 당시 어린이는 성장하면서 더 빨리 어른이 될 수밖에 없었음을 말해준다. 마지막 퇴행적 성장모티프로서의 ‘꿈’은 현실 문제와 깊은 관련을 맺으며, 현실 속에 잠복해 있는 상처의 근원을 치유하는 한 방법으로 성장과 직결되어 있다. 소천 동화에서 꿈은 인물이 해결하고자 갈구했던 문제들을 돌이켜봄으로써 앞으로 삶의 방향을 마련해준다 하겠다. Psychology of characters in the stories has its own meaning. From children’s emotional elements discussed in this article, it is confirmed that every children’s psychology contributes to their growth. And they were divided into three motives for growth and analyzed. First, the growth motive of ‘mask’ seems good or bad as possessing other self in mind. It seems that he or she has double standards but readers may understand them as more matured characters. In particular, a good mask is related to ‘good’ growth motive as well as the historical contexts. Children characters in So-Cheon’s children’s stories are somewhat too matured. They are described as being far from natures of children. Good conducts by characters in the literature is not universal but these children who go through suffering and challenges have to become adults earlier as they grow. Finally, ‘dream’ as adverse growth motive is deeply related in problems in the reality, and it directly involves in growth as a method to cure origins of hurts hidden in the reality. And dream may have decisive influences on characters’ destinies, and it has a spiritual characteristic to enable them reconcile. Dream in So-Cheon’s children’s stories provides the direction of life forwards by reflecting problems longed for solving by characters.

세 차례에 걸친 라신의 작품모음집 발간을 통해 본 작가의 이미지 변화 연구 - 작가의 전략을 중심으로

신정아(SHIN Jung-A) 프랑스학회 2005 프랑스학연구 Vol.34 No.-

야자경화유를 이용한 Interesterification 반응 중의 고체지 함량 변화

신정아(Jung-Ah Shin),배상균(Sang-Kyun Bae),이기택(Ki-Teak Lee) 충남대학교 농업과학연구소 2010 농업과학연구 Vol.37 No.1

This study explored the solid fat index (SFI) of structured lipids (SLs) synthesized by lipase-catalyzed (Lipozyme TLIM) interesterification using hydrogenated coconut oil (HCO), palm oil (PO) and palm stearin solid (PSS). SLs were produced using three blends of HCO/PO (60:40, w/w), HCO/PSS (40:60 and 60:40, w/w), and HCO/PO/PSS (32:48:18, w/w/w) to find a desirable confectionary fat by monitoring melting and crystallization behaviors of SFI of SLs using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). SFI of HCO/PSS (60:40) and HCO/PO/PSS (32:48:18) at 25℃ were 70% and 68%, respectively. These results suggest that HCO/PSS (60:40) and HCO/PO/PSS (32:48:18) may be useful as potential SLs of a confectionary fat.

그림책을 활용한 한국 언어문화교육 가능성 탐색 -외국어로서의 한국어 학습자를 대상으로

신정아(Shin Jung a) 한국언어문학회 2017 한국언어문학 Vol.102 No.-

Now it is generally recognized that education about Korean cultural factors is required in Korean Language education as foreign language. This means not cramming Korean culture to foreigners but role of communication to make them understand Korean culture and adjust well to life in Korea. In particular, language culture education emphasizes to grow communicative ability, and the application of literatures enables to understand and respond to knowledge about society and culture where the language is used, and discourses and behaviors fit to the criteria of the language community. Literature shows an individual s way to behave in some situations by contextualizing it, and provides useful insights about relations, emotions, attitudes, and the like. The method to suggest through contexts in cultural education, can raise cultural ability to be familiar with the targeted culture and to utilize the culture in linguistic activities beyond knowledge about the culture. Especially, Korean illustrated books among literature genres, contain various sub-cultures which are not seen easily in daily lives as well as the entire culture such as language, religion, and ethnicity with the stories including special situational contexts in visual images. Characteristics of Korean language culture seen in illustrated books include naming culture, honorific expressions, high context culture, appropriate speech-acts of asking and refusing, etc. High context culture can compose an intact discourse or phrase even a necessary element is omitted, and in some cases, when an element is omitted, it may be more naturalistic. In high context culture, in order to figure out the core contents of communications, it is necessary to be interested in the situation more than the message. Especially, in relations with family or friends, they already know the other party s message even though he or she does not mention it, they would reduce words with more limited language, and depend on the scenes or the situations more. Foreign learners would be able to understand and be familiar with Korean s language culture through learning from illustrated books. Honorific expression, one of characteristics of Korean language, shows Korean people s emotions. Korean s honorific expression is used to express for respecting the other party properly fit to the context of its usage. Based on illustrated books, to contemplate Korean s ways to think, to tell about the reason why Korean honorific expression is various and complex, and to learn various usage of we and diverse greetings by Korean would play a meaningful role for their adjust to life in Korea. If the culture of naming is learnt in the contextual situation of illustrated book, it is easy to understand and effective for foreign learners to remember it. Culture is not just confirmed when meanings in dictionaries in the language used in literature texts, it is necessary to instruct them to understand the contexts of language culture and basic culture mixed in a literature work. Foreigners aim to acquire culture is to adjust well to life in Korea, and its most basic requirement depends on acquiring language culture.