Candida albicans 의 단백질분해효소, 인지질분해효소 및 세포벽 단백분획으로 면역시킨 생쥐에서의 칸디다증 방어 효과

신운섭,최선주,박수정,박주영,김수기,이경호,양영철 대한의진균학회 2009 대한의진균학회지 Vol.14 No.1

Background: The opportunistic fungus Candida albicans is a major pathogen especially to immunocompromised patients. Objectives: We examined the protective effect of the active and passive immunizations to evaluate the applicability for the treatment of candidosis in Candida-infected mice model. Methods: Candida cell wall components were obtained by treatment of lyticase, proteinase K, and dithiothreitol. The proteinase was purified from the culture filtrates of C. albicans using a series of chromatographic steps consisting of DEAE-Sepharose FF, Sephacryl S-200 HR and size-exclusion high performance liquid chromatography. The phospholipase was purified from the culture supernatant of C. albicans with DEAE column chromatography, reverse phase column chromatography, revere phase HPLC and size-exclusion HPLC. Antibodies to cell wall protein components, proteinase and phospholipase were produced by immunization into mice of same strain. Results: The mean survival times of active and passive immunized mice groups were longer than those of non-immunized groups. Conclusion: These results showed that immunization with proteinase and its antibody were the most effective to prolong survival time in Candida-infected mice. Background: The opportunistic fungus Candida albicans is a major pathogen especially to immunocompromised patients. Objectives: We examined the protective effect of the active and passive immunizations to evaluate the applicability for the treatment of candidosis in Candida-infected mice model. Methods: Candida cell wall components were obtained by treatment of lyticase, proteinase K, and dithiothreitol. The proteinase was purified from the culture filtrates of C. albicans using a series of chromatographic steps consisting of DEAE-Sepharose FF, Sephacryl S-200 HR and size-exclusion high performance liquid chromatography. The phospholipase was purified from the culture supernatant of C. albicans with DEAE column chromatography, reverse phase column chromatography, revere phase HPLC and size-exclusion HPLC. Antibodies to cell wall protein components, proteinase and phospholipase were produced by immunization into mice of same strain. Results: The mean survival times of active and passive immunized mice groups were longer than those of non-immunized groups. Conclusion: These results showed that immunization with proteinase and its antibody were the most effective to prolong survival time in Candida-infected mice.

차광 정도에 따른 신 관상식물 암대극(Euphorbia jolkinii Boiss.)의 생장 변화

신운섭,오혜진,이종석,이기철,김상용,이승연 한국화훼학회 2018 한국화훼학회 정기총회 및 학술발표회 자료집 Vol.26 No.1

언어 인공지능의 상식추론과 평가 체계 현황

신운섭,송상헌 부경대학교 인문사회과학연구소 2022 인문사회과학연구 Vol.23 No.3

Recent advances in artificial intelligence (AI) showed that language model, i.e., probability estimator of word occurrences in contexts, may capture the human reasoning ability. This surprising finding is built upon the previous research on the empirical evaluation of the reasoning ability of AIs. The empirical evaluation measures the performance gap between the AIs and human speakers on “well-curated” datasets, often called as NLP benchmarks. Recently, many researchers propose new NLP benchmarks testing the commonsense reasoning, e.g, what should you do if you encounter a grizzly bear chasing the baby?. The question is tricky because the decision depends on situations, where baby may refer to the human baby or simply the baby cow. Thus, it has been noted that benchmarking the commonsense reasoning is critical for AI’s human-like performance in intelligent tasks. In this paper, we review some types of commonsense reasoning and newly released evaluation benchmarks, suggesting that the reliability of dataset is hinged upon the data curation method. We first briefly introduce how language model using neural networks learns or predicts the word probability. We then proceed to review how workers or annotators curate the NLP benchmarks, focusing on the collection of human intuitions regarding the text examples. Although these curation methods empirically show the diverse reasoning ability of AI, there are concerns about the negative social impacts of extremely large AIs. Importantly, NLP benchmarks are sometimes misleading because AI simply captures the shallow surface structure of language, which denotes that AI successfully mapped texts to texts. Overall, we suggest that constructing the colossal AIs is not a silver bullet to commonsense reasoning since AIs are not free from data bias. 최근 인공지능의 성능이 고도로 향상됨에 따라, 인공지능이 인간의 언어 구사 능력에 가까워졌다는 주장이 제기되었다. 예컨대, 인공지능 GPT-3는 인간의 작문 능력과 구별되지 않는 성능을 보이는 것처럼 알려졌다. 그러나, 구체적인 평가의 영역에 따라 인공지능과 인간이 큰 격차를 보인다. 대표적인 것이 상식추론이다. 예를 들어, 영희가 책가방을 메고 학교에 가는지, 아니면 나이트클럽을 가는지는 논리가 아닌 상식에 비추어 자명하다. 특히, 상식추론은 경험세계에 대한 광범위한 지식이 필요하다는 점에서, 문자열의 분포적 정보로부터 사실적인 지식을 이끌어내야 하는 인공지능에게 매우 도전적인 과제이다. 이 점에 착안하여 최근 인공지능이 상식추론을 학습하였는지 평가하기 위한 정량적 평가 체계 또는 벤치마크가 공개되고 있다. 튜링 테스트에서 출발한 벤치마크는 일종의 수만 건의 문제은행으로서,정확도와 유사도를 기반으로 인공지능의 상식추론을 정량적으로 검증한다. 이에 본고는 인공지능 상식추론과 평가 체계의 현황을 폭넓게 검토하고, 인문사회학적 관점에서 비판적인 이해를 시도한다. 구체적으로, 자연어처리 분야의 신경망 언어 모형 또는 워드 임베딩이 어떻게 문자열을 학습하는지 개념적으로 이해한다. 이와 함께, 인공지능이 학습한 추론 지식을 검증하는 평가 체계 또는 자연어처리 벤치마크의 구축 방법론과 예시 문장을 분석한다. 이를 위하여 최근 공개한 한국어 인공지능 벤치마크인 KLUE를 사례로 분석을 제시한다. 또한, 대표적인 벤치마크인 SWAG, CosmosQA, 그리고 CommonGen을 분석한다. 이와 함께, 최근의 대규모 인공지능의 개발이 내포하는 환경적, 경제적, 윤리적 우려가 커지고 있음을 지적하고, 언어학적 튜링 테스트를 중심으로 정량적 평가 체계의 본질적인 한계를 논의한다.

Screening of New Mediators for Lignin Degradation Based on Their Electochemical Properties and Interactions with Fungal Laccse

신운섭,조남석,Hee-Yeon Cho 한국펄프.종이工學會 2006 펄프.종이기술 Vol.38 No.5

모바일 노드의 방향 결정을 위한 핑거프린팅 맵 구축 기법

신운섭,최정용,김기형 한국정보통신설비학회 2018 한국정보통신설비학회 학술대회 Vol.2018 No.08

In order to recognize the location of a person or object in indoor environment, many researches have been conducted to solve the problem by applying various signal information and position recognition techniques. The location awareness approach, which has been widely discussed since the introduction of the smartphone, has been widely applied to the general public without any additional equipment, such as Wi-Fi, BLE, acceleration, angular velocity, geomagnetism, altitude And the position is measured by using this method. In this paper, we propose a fingerprinting map construction method for determining the direction of a mobile node.

배양 조건이 Candida albicans의 phospholipase 생성에 미치는 영향

신운섭,이경호,박주영,고춘명 대한의진균학회 1997 대한의진균학회지 Vol.2 No.2

Background : The dimorphic yeast, Candida albicans, is considered as a dangerous opportunistic pathogen in immunocompromised hosts. Several phospholipases of C. albicans are known to be secreted into the culture medium. Phospholipases have been proposed as a virulence factor in the pathoenesis of Candida infections. Objective : In order to investigate enzyme production, we examined culture condition of secreted phospholipase production from C. albicans. Methods : C. albicans ATTCC 10231 was cultivated in various media at 37℃ for 3 days. Phospholipase activity was measured by fatty acid soap precipitaiton in plate containing 0.04T lecithin, 0.1 M citrate buffer, pH 4.2 and 1.5% noble agar. Results : Phospholipase was highly induced when C. albicans was cultivated in broth medium(containing glucose 2%, albumin 0.2% and Fe^++ ion 0.01%) and Saboulaud's dextrose agar supplemented with 0.01% sodium deoxycholate. Conclusion : Highly induction of secreted phospholipase by albumin from C. albicans may be play an importans role in tissue invasion in the pathogenesis of C. albicans.

Cell Surface Hydrophobic Protein of Candida albicans

신운섭 관동대학교 2000 關東醫大學術誌 Vol.4 No.1

WSN을 통한 드론 자동 착륙 기법

신운섭,나승재,김기형 한국정보통신설비학회 2016 한국정보통신설비학회 학술대회 Vol.2016 No.09

Demand of drones that can perform the monitoring task of contaminated or difficult-to-access area without human pilot is a motivation for research high accuracy location tracking algorithm and autonomous landing algorithm. This paper describes the development of the noise reduction-type WSN-based system that can measure the accurate position of the drone. The noise reduction type WSN-based system by applying DGPS mechanism, can reduce the error of the WSN-based location tracking techniques due to noise. Such the system is needed for high-accuracy autonomous landing operations.

항이디오타입 종양 백신

신운섭,박윤선 관동대학교 의과대학 의과학연구소 2005 關東醫大學術誌 Vol.9 No.1

Anti-idiotypic antibodies (Ab2) that bind to the antigen-combining sites(paratopes) of anti-tumor antibodies (Ab1) may functionally and structurally mimic the tumor antigen defined by the Ab1. Thus, the anti-idiotypic antibodies resembling the original tumor antigen are called internal images of the tumor antigen and can be used as surrogate antigens for active specific immunotherapy. The advantages of Ab2 vaccines over conventional antigen vaccines are their high specificity, safety, ease of production, and potential to break immune tolerance to tumor antigen. The basic mechanism for immune tolerance breakage by Ab2 vaccines is a kind of cross-reaction between tumor antigen and Ab2 at T cell level. Anti-idiotypic antibodies have been shown to induce antigen-specific humoral and cellular immune reponses in experimental animals and cancer patients. In this paper, we will describe the idiotypic network, the advantages of Ab2 vaccines over conventional antigen vaccines, the mechanism of action of Ab2 vaccines, and the preclinical and clinical trials of active specific immunotherapy with Ab2 vaccines.

BERT Learns More than Word Frequency Information: A Case Study of Do-Be Constructions

신운섭,송상헌 한국언어학회 2022 언어 Vol.47 No.3

This study aims to understand BERT’s linguistic ability using naturally occurring data. In particular, the study collected marginal language data, such as what we do is create Frankenstein, which is referred to as a Do-Be construction (DBC) (Flickinger & Wasow, 2013). Using web corpora, the study first collected 17,737 instances of the DBC across text genres and English dialects. The corpus analysis supports the idea that DBC is a computationally challenging phenomenon for data-driven language systems due to its statistical sparsity and linguistic complexity. With manual annotations of DBCs, the study designed two computational prediction tasks: subject―verb agreement and synonym substitution tasks, based on the introspective judgment of linguists. The study found that BERT is hugely sensitive to linguistic acceptability of grammatical forms and felicitous words in the prediction tasks, even though the target phenomenon is rarely observed in corpus data. These results show that the neural language model, BERT, can learn abstract linguistic properties beyond surface frequency information.