‘-어 있(다)’ 구문의 상적 특성과 명령문 구성의 제한

송홍규 ( Song Hong-kyu ) 우리어문학회 2019 우리어문연구 Vol.63 No.-

This paper claims that the sentences used with ‘-eo iss(da)’ show difference in the formation of imperative sentence, and this phenomenon is deeply related with aspectual property of the sentences used with ‘-eo iss(da)’. This study starts with the observation that the formation of imperative sentence is not possible when the predicate which is combined with ‘-eo iss(da)’ does not assign Agent-role to the animate subject, but even though the predicate which is combined with ‘-eo iss(da)’ does assign Agent-role to the animate subject, there are some cases that the sentence cannot form an imperative sentence. This kind of distinction has not been discussed much in the previous researches. This study shows that whether or not a sentence used with ‘-eo iss(da)’ has an animate subject with Agent-role is deeply related with its aspectual property. The sentence used with ‘-eo iss(da)’ can be classified as a sentence having ‘durative aspect’ or ‘resultative aspect’ meaning. When a sentence used with ‘-eo iss(da)’ has resultative aspectual meaning, it cannot form an imperative sentence even though it has a animate subject since the sentence undergoes a change in which the predicate cannot assign Agent-role to its subject. However, when a sentence with ‘-eo iss(da)’ has durative aspectual meaning, it can form an imperative sentence since there is no change in assignment of Agent-role. It is because in this case, the sentence is understood as the strong will of the subject is involved in maintaining the result state.

문법 교육 : 이동 동사 오다와 가다의 쓰임에 대하여

송홍규 ( Hong Kyu Song ) 한국문법교육학회 2010 문법 교육 Vol.13 No.-

This paper aims to clarify the meaning of `oda(come)` and `gada(go)` while examining the two theoretical issues relevant to the usage of the locomotion verbs. First, this study investigates whether the goal or source of locomotion has to be the reference point for the use of `oda` or `gada`. In general, it has been claimed that `oda` is used to express the locomotion to the reference point and `gada` is used to express the locomotion from the reference point. Second, this study examines whether the reference point for the use of `oda` and `gada` has to be always where the speaker is. It has been claimed that the reference point of the locomotion expressed by `oda` or `gada` could be changed from the location of the speaker to the location of the addressee. While examining the various data relevant to the use of `oda` or `gada`, this paper reveals that the reference point of the locomotion expressed by `oda` does not have to be the goal of movement, and the reference point of the locomotion expressed by `gada` does not have to be the source. And also, it discloses that the reference point of locomotion expressed by `oda` or `gada` is always the location of the speaker even though it would vary depending on the temporal points such as the past, present and future. Based on the result of the investigation, this paper proposes that `oda` is in general used to express the locomotion from a farther point to a closer point relative to the reference point which is the location of the speaker, and that `gada` is used to express the locomotion from a closer point to a farther point relative to the reference point.

파생적 피동문의 유형과 접사의 기능 분석

송홍규 ( Hong Kyu Song ) 우리어문학회 2010 우리어문연구 Vol.37 No.-

유기음화와 어문 규정

송홍규 ( Hong Kyu Song ) 우리어문학회 2013 우리어문연구 Vol.46 No.-

This paper examines whether the ‘Regulation of romanization of Korean`` and the ``Regulation of standard Korean pronunciation`` explain ``ㅈ`` regressive aspiration process consistently. It has been reported that considering the two regulations, ``ㅈ`` regressive aspiration process can be treated as either simple coalescence or palatalization following coalescence. While examining the two regulations, this paper proposed a phonological process explaining how ``ㅈ`` regressive aspiration process can be understood as coalescence followed by palatalization. In order to access the validity of proposed process, it is needed to check whether each phonological change involved in the derivation of ``ㅈ`` aspiration is properly described in the ``Regulation of standard Korean pronunciation``. Thus, this paper looked into the provisions related to coda neutralization, consonant cluster simplification and palatalization. For the proper language use of Korean speakers, the education of the ``Regulation of standard Korean`` has been emphasized, and the education focuses on the comprehensive understanding of principles rather than memorization of each provision. The understanding of a phonological process requires understanding all phonological changes taking place in the derivation from the underlying form to the surface form. Thus, provisions of the ``Regulation of standard Korean pronunciation`` have to provide proper explanation of the phonological changes. While examining the provisions relevant to ``ㅈ`` regressive aspiration process, this paper showed that the provisions are not described in the way that they provide sufficient and clear explanation for comprehensive understanding of ``ㅈ`` regressive aspiration process. Therefore, it can be suggested that the description of some provisions has to be reconsidered to provide the basis for the education of the ``Regulation of standard Korean`` emphasizing the comprehensive understanding of principles.

`덜`이 쓰인 차등 비교 구문의 특성

송홍규 ( Song Hong-kyu ) 우리어문학회 2017 우리어문연구 Vol.57 No.-

This article claimed that in the inferior construction, comparative objects have the property which is related to the meaning of gradable predicate used in it, while examining the characteristics of the comparative construction with `deol`. The construction in which two objects are compared with respect to the degree related to gradable predicates is in general classified into the equative and comparative construction. The comparative construction expresses that the comparative objects have difference in the degree related to the gradable predicate. The comparative construction is classified into the superior and inferior comparative in which the comparative center is superior than the comparative standard and the comparative standard is superior than the comparative center in degree respectively. Compared with the equative construction, the core meaning of comparative construction is expressed by `boda`, and the difference between the superior and inferior comparatives is related to the use of `deo` and `deol`. In the previous researches, the characteristics of inferior comparative have not discussed much, being compared with the superior comparative. Thus, this article was intended to focus on the function of `deol`, while investigating the different characteristics of the comparative constructions with `deo` and `deol`. To reveal the characteristics of inferior comparative with `deol`, this research examined the property of comparative standard first, and with the result, it focused on examining the property of comparative center. Based on the previous research claiming that the use of `boda-neun` and `boda-do` have effect on the property of the comparative standard combined with them, this paper has shown that the comparative standard in the inferior comparative has the property related to the meaning of gradable predicate. Furthermore, it has shown that the comparative center in the inferior comparative also has the property related to the meaning of gradable predicate while investigating the characteristics of the sentences expressing the limits of comparing range for the comparative center by combining two comparative construction. As a result, this research reveals that in the inferior comparative, only the comparative objects which have the property related to the meaning of gradable predicates can be used. This result points out that the inferior comparative with `deol` expresses the difference between degrees of the comparative center and comparative standard, which are understood as exceeding a certain standard on a related scale with which the objects are determined to have the property related to the meaning of gradable predicates.

Korean NPI licensing and the Locality condition

Song Hongkyu(송홍규) 한국어학회 2021 한국어학 Vol.90 No.-

본고는 한국어 부정극어의 인허에 적용되는 엄격한 국소적 공기 조건의 속성을 조사하기 위한 것이다. 부정극어가 적정하게 인허되기 위해서는 부정 표현과 부정극어가 동일한 절 안에 공기해야 한다는 것은 잘 알려진 사실이다. 그러나 왜 부정극어의 인허가 그러한 방식으로 이루어져야 하는지에 대한 명확한 설명은 제시되지 않았다. 본고는 부정극어 양태 부사와 부정극어 명사구가 동일 절 안에 함께 나타나는 경우, 부정표현이 동일 절 안에 포함되어 있어도 문장이 비문법적인 것이 된다는 자료에 바탕을 두고, 부정극어의 인허에 적용되는 국소적 공기 조건이 운용자와 변항의 결속에 적용되는 국소적 공기 조건과 유사한 것임을 주장하였다. 따라서 본고에서는 부정극어는 논리 형식에서 변항으로 나타나고, 그것이 적정하게 인허되기 위해서는 구조적 인허 조건과 운용자-변항 결속 조건을 모두 만족시켜야 한다는 것을 제안하였다. 변항으로 제시되는 부정극어는 적절한 해석을 받기 위해 논리 형식에서 운용자 결속을 위해 적정한 영역 안에 존재해야 함을 제시하였다. The purpose of this study is to investigate what the real property of the strict locality requirement is, applied to Korean NPI licensing. It has been observed that negation has to be in the same clause as NPIs to license them properly. However, there has been no clear explanation for the question why the NPI licensing has to work in that way. Based on the data that the sentence in which a NPI modal adverb and a NPI argument co-occur becomes ungrammatical even though negation is in the same clause, I claim that the locality requirement in NPI licensing is more like the locality requirement applied on operator-variable binding at LF. To explain the ungrammaticality of the data, I propose that NPIs are represented as variable at LF, so they have to satisfy both the structural licensing condition and the condition on operator-variable binding. The variables introduced by the NPIs have to be in the proper domain for operator binding to be interpreted properly.

문법교육 : 동반 구문의 두 유형

송홍규 ( Hong Kyu Song ) 한국문법교육학회 2014 문법 교육 Vol.20 No.-

This paper investigated semantic and structural properties of an noun phrase(NP) used with the case marker ‘wa’ in order to reveal characteristics of comitative construction. The comitative construction is in general known to mean that NP arguments contained in a sentence participate simultaneously and cooperatively in a certain event, and because of this semantic property, the comitative construction used to be compared with the symmetric construction. However, this paper mainly focused on the comitative construction to reveal its various aspects. The result of this study could be summarized in two claims. First, this paper has shown that comitative constructions could be divided into two types with respect to semantic properties of an NP combined with ‘wa’. The type distinction of an NP used with ‘wa’ is basically based on the fact that a comitative sentence can contain two NPs combine with ‘wa’. In one type of ‘wa’, the NP argument is understood as a participant who is accompanied in the same type of event taking place at the same time and place, and in the other type of ‘wa’, the NP argument is understood as a participant who works cooperatively with someone to perform an event. Secondly, it is claimed that the two types of ‘wa’ have different structural properties. The NP with ‘wa’ meaning ‘accompaniment’ is analyzed as being adjoined to an NP, but the NP with ‘wa’ meaning ‘cooperation’ isanalyzed as being adjoined to a predicate phrase. This paper has shown how the proposed analysis is applied to explain various aspects of the comitative construction.

외식소비자의 건강메뉴성향이 건강외식지향에 미치는 영향

송홍규(Heung Gyu Song),김홍길(Hong Kil Kim) 한국관광연구학회 2008 관광연구저널 Vol.22 No.1

신체 관련 술어의 피동 표현

송홍규 ( Hong Kyu Song ) 민족어문학회 2008 어문논집 Vol.- No.58

이 글에서는 조사 `을/를`이 결합한 명사구를 취하면서도 피동의 의미를 표현하는 구문의 특성을 신체 관련 술어와 관련을 지어 고찰하였다. 신체 부위를 가리키는 명사구를 목적어로 취하는 신체 관련 술어들은 소위 `목적어 있는 피동`으로 불리는 구문에 많이 쓰이는데 모든 유형이 동일한 양상을 보이는 것은 아니다. 신체 부위 목적어의 소유자의 속성에 따라 신체 관련 술어를 몇 유형으로 나누고, 그것과 목적어 있는 피동 표현 사이의 연관성을 고찰하는 과정 속에서, 그러한 피동 표현에 쓰인 접사 파생형의 어근이 되는 신체 관련 술어는 신체 부위 목적어의 소유자가 주어가 아닌 제3자를 가리키며 또한 신체 부위 목적어와 그 소유자가 전체-부분 관계를 표현하는 유형이어야 한다는 것을 보였다. 이러한 관찰에 바탕을 두고, 피동의 의미가 사동과 동일한 구조를 갖는 형식에서 이끌어지며 그 의미 차이는 어근으로 쓰인 술어의 의미 특성에 의해 결정된다고 주장하였다. 또한 동일한 외현적 형식을 지니고 유사한 피동의 의미를 표현한다고 하더라도 동일한 분석 방법을 적용하기 힘든 예들을 검토하면서 피동이나 사동의 의미를 지니는 구문을 분석할 때 고려해야 하는 술어들의 속성들에 대해 논의하였다. This paper inquires into the properties of the construction, in reference to the body-related predicates, which has the meaning similar to passive in spite of taking an Accusative-marked noun phrase. Even though the body-related predicates which take a body-part object are often used in the construction called `passives with an object`, not all types behave in the same way. While examining the correlation between the passive-like expressions with an Accusative-marked noun phrase and the body-related predicates which are classified into several types, this paper points out that the body-related predicates used in the expressions have the properties that the possessor of the body-part object should be a person different from the subject, and that the object and its possessor should be in the whole-part relation. Based on this observation, it is claimed that even though the expressions have a passive-like meaning, they are derived from the constructions which have the same configuration with causatives. Furthermore, while examining the examples that cannot be analyzed in the same way as the passive-like expressions even though they express a passive meaning and apparently have the similar structure, this paper investigates the properties of predicates that should be considered in the analysis of passives and causatives.

사동문의 구성과 의미에 대한 연구

송홍규(Hong Kyu Song) 목원대학교 교양교육혁신연구센터 2024 지식과 교양 Vol.- No.15