폐리튬이온전지 NCM 양극활물질로부터 말릭산을 이용한 유가금속의 침출

손성호,김진화,김현종,김선정,이만승,Son, Seong Ho,Kim, Jin Hwa,Kim, Hyun-Jong,Kim, Sun Jung,Lee, Man Seung 한국자원리싸이클링학회 2014 資源 리싸이클링 Vol.23 No.4

Nickel, cobalt and manganese-based(NCM, $Li(Ni_xCo_yMn_z)O_2$) cathode active materials of spent lithium-ion batteries contained valuable metals such as cobalt(15 ~ 20%), nickel(25 ~ 30%), manganese(10 ~ 15%) and lithium(5 ~ 10%). It was investigated the eco-friendly leaching process for the recovery of valuable metal from spent lithium-ion battery NCM cathode active materials by DL-malic acid($C_4H_5O_6$) as an organic leachant in this research. The experiments were carried out to optimize the process parameters for the recovery of cobalt, nickel and lithium by varying the concentration of lixivant, reductant concentration, solid/liquid ratio and temperature. The leaching solution was analyzed using ICP-OES(Inductively Coupled Plasma Optic Emission Spectrometer). Cathode active materials of 5 wt. % were introduced into the leaching solution which was 2 M DL-malic acid in addition of 5 vol. % $H_2O_2$ at $80^{\circ}C$ and it resulted in the recovery of 99.10% cobalt, 99.80% nickel and 99.75% lithium in 120 min. $H_2O_2$ in DL-malic acid solution acts as an effective reducing agents, which enhance the leaching of metals. 폐리튬이온전지 NCM($Li(Ni_xCo_yMn_z)O_2$)양극활물질 내에는 코발트(15 ~ 20%), 니켈(25 ~ 30%), Mn(10 ~ 15%) 및 리튬(5 ~ 10%) 등의 유가금속이 존재한다. 본 연구에서는 폐리튬이온전지 NCM 양극활물질로부터 친환경 유기산인 말릭산을 이용한 유가금속 침출 공정을 연구하였다. 주요공정인자는 말릭산 농도, 과산화수소 농도, 고액비, 반응온도 등이었으며, 침출액 내 금속농도는 ICP-OES(Inductively Coupled Plasma Optic Emission Spectrometer)를 통해 분석하였다. 환원제($H_2O_2$) 첨가로 인해 유가금속의 침출율이 상승하는 효과를 얻었으며, 최적공정인자는 말릭산 2 M, 과산화수소 5 vol.%, 고액비(solid/liquid ratio) 5 wt.%, 반응온도 $80^{\circ}C$이었으며, 침출율은 코발트 99.10%, 니켈 99.80%, 리튬 99.75%이었다.

낙동강 중류유역의 지역별 비점오염 특성

손성호 ( Son Seung-ho ),최경숙 ( Choi Kyung-sook ) 한국농공학회 2007 한국농공학회 학술대회초록집 Vol.2007 No.-

The characteristics of nonpoint source pollutant loads in middle-stream of Nakdong River were investigated in this study. The discharge data were collected from Nakdong-River Water Research Institute while the pollutant concentration data were obtained from Daegu Regional Environmental Office for this purpose. Pollution items analysed in this study were BOD, T-N and T-P. The delivery loads of the nonpoint source pollutions of each sub-watershed were calculated after analysing the concentration of the pollution of each site. Several points were found from the results in this study. Firstly, urban areas including Daegu, Gumi showed higher degree of water pollution than rural areas including Sungju-gun, Koryung-gun. This result indicated that the pollutant factors of urban area more significantly contributed to the degree of nonpoint pollution loads compared to the rural area's factors, as the density of pollutant factors was more significant in urban areas than in rural areas. Secondly, the BOD concentration showed severe variation during summer season while T-N, T-P concentrations were relatively high in winter season. Lastly, all pollutants in this study found to have wide range of pollution degrees through the measured years. and also, each site presented different variations of the pollution loads for each year.

담수심처리가 논의 물수지에 미치는 영향

손성호 ( Son Seung Ho ),정상옥 ( Chung Sang Ok ) 한국농공학회 2001 한국농공학회 학술대회초록집 Vol.2001 No.-

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of ponding depth treatment on water balance in paddy fields. The ponding depth treatments were very shallow, shallow and deep. The experimental plots were three 80m x 25m rectangular plots. Daily values of rainfall amount, ponding depth, irrigation water, drainage water, evapotranspiration, infiltration, and piezometeric head were measured in the field. The ponding depth was continuously observered by water level logger during the growing season. The ET was measured in Im diameter PVC lysimeters. Irrigation water volume was measured by 75mm pipe flow meter and the drainage water volume was measured by 25mm and 75mm pipe flow meters and a recording Parshall fulume. PVC pipe piezometers with 12mm diameter were used. The results of the water balance showed that irrigation water of 881.1mm, 735.4mm, and 832.6mm in very shallow, shallow, and deep ponding, respectively. The effective rainfall was 182.6mm(44.6%), 254.7mm(62.2%), and 188.6mm(46.0%) in very shallow, shallow, and deep ponding, respectively. The results show that the shallow ponding depth looks the best of the three treatments.

담수심 처리가 논의 물수지에 미치는 영향

손성호 ( Son Seung Ho ),정상옥 ( Chung Sang Ok ) 한국농공학회 2002 韓國農工學會誌 : 전원과 자원 Vol.44 No.2

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of ponding depth treatment on water balance in paddy fields. Three ponding depth treatments, very shallow, shallow, and deep were used. The experimental plots were three 80 m×8 m rectangular plots. Daily values of rainfall amount, ponding depth, irrigation water, drainage water, evapotranspiration, and infiltration were measured in the field. The ponding depth was continuously observed by water level logger during the growing season. The ET was measured by 1-m diameter PVC lysimeters. Irrigation water volume was measured by 75 mm pipe flowmeters and the drainage water volume by 75 mm pipe flowmeters and a recording Parshall flume. The results showed that irrigation water depths were 688.9 mm, 513.6 mm, and 624.4 mm in very shallow, shallow, and deep ponding, respectively. The effective rainfall amounts (effective ratio) were 243.7 mm(48.8%), 344.6 mm(68.9%), and 272.9 mm(54.6%) in very shallow, shallow, and deep ponding, respectively. The three treatments did not show any statistical difference in growth and yields. But the shallow depth treatment showed the largest yield.

코발트 기초소재와 기술 ; 난용성 코발트 자원 기초소재화 기술

손성호 ( Seong Ho Son ),김현종 ( Hyung Jong Kim ),이만승 ( Man Seung Lee ),김선정 ( Sun Jung Kim ) 대한금속재료학회 2012 재료마당 Vol.25 No.5

특집 : 코발트 기초소재와 기술 ; 난용성 코발트 자원 기초소재화 기술

손성호 ( Seong Ho Son ),김현종 ( Hyung Jong Kim ),이만승 ( Man Seung Lee ),김선정 ( Sun Jung Kim ) 대한금속재료학회 ( 구 대한금속학회 ) 2012 재료마당 Vol.24 No.5

해외 녹색가격제도 시행사례 분석 : 미국을 중심으로

손성호(Sung-ho Son),조기선(Ki-Seon Cho),조인승(In-Seung Jo) 대한전기학회 2007 대한전기학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2007 No.11

본 논문은 신재생에너지 보급 확대의 정책 수단으로 활용되고 있는 녹색가격제도(Green Pricing)의 전반적 시행 현황과 제도의 동향을 미국사례 중심으로 분석하였다. 녹색가격제도의 전반적인 시행 사례 분석을 통하여 국내에 녹색가격제도 도입 시에 고려할 다양한 제반사항을 식별하고 활용할 수 있는 기회를 제공하였다.

파쇄 기구에 따른 알루미늄 캔 재자원화 공정 중 발생한 블랙 드로스 내 알루미늄 회수에 관한 연구

한철웅,손성호,안병두,김대근,이만승,김용환,Han, Chulwoong,Son, Seong Ho,Ahn, Byung-Doo,Kim, Dae-Guen,Lee, Man Seung,Kim, Yong Hwan 한국자원리싸이클링학회 2017 資源 리싸이클링 Vol.26 No.4

본 연구는 UBC 재활용 용해공정 중 발생한 블랙 드로스 내 금속 알루미늄을 회수하기 위해 압축 및 충격 파쇄 공정에 따른 알루미늄 회수율에 대하여 조사하였다. 초기 알루미늄 블랙 드로스는 대부분 구형의 형상으로 약 10~40 mm 크기였다. 또한 블랙 드로스의 주요 구성 성분은 할라이트(NaCl), 실바이트(KCl), 스피넬($MgAl_2O_4$) 및 알루미나($Al_2O_3$)로 나타났다. 알루미늄 금속의 회수율 시험은 서로 다른 파쇄 기구를 갖는 죠 크러셔와 햄머밀 공정으로 진행하였다. 파쇄 기구에 따른 알루미늄 금속 회수 실험결과, 죠 크러셔 공정은 금속과 비금속 혼합물을 분리할 수 있었으나 햄머밀 공정은 금속과 비금속의 분리가 어려운 것으로 관찰되었으며 알루미늄 블랙드로스 내 금속 알루미늄을 회수하기 위한 파쇄 공정은 죠 크러셔 공정이 더 효과적인 것으로 보여진다. This study investigated the recovery of metallic aluminium in the black dross generated from used beverage can recycling process with crushing mechanism such as compression and impact. The as-received Al black dross had a spherical shape, and its size was about 10~40 mm. Also, The X-ray diffraction pattern showed that the main contents of black dross are composed of halite (NaCl), sylvite (KCl), spinel ($MgAl_2O_4$) and corundum ($Al_2O_3$). A metallic aluminium recovery test was performed using jaw crusher and hammer mill having different crushing mechanism. It was analysed that Jaw crushing process can separate into metallic aluminium and non metallic constituents. However, hammer milling process shows significant difference on the separation results. It was found that jaw crushing process was effective for recovery of metallic aluminium in the black dross than that of hammer milling process.

저품위 동(Cu) 함유 슬러지로부터 동 전해정련에 관한 연구

이진연,손성호,박성철,정연재,김용환,한철웅,이만승,이기웅,Lee, Jin-Yeon,Son, Seong Ho,Park, Sung Cheol,Jung, Yeon Jae,Kim, Yong Hwan,Han, Chul Woong,Lee, Man-seung,Lee, Ki-Woong 한국자원리싸이클링학회 2017 資源 리싸이클링 Vol.26 No.6

저품위 동 함유 슬러지로부터 회수된 동 조금속을 황산구리 전해액에서 전해정련을 수행하여 고순도 동을 회수하고자 하였다. 유기첨가제 종류 및 농도에 따른 전해정련동 표면 형상 및 조도를 분석하였을 때, gelatin계 유기첨가제 5 ppm 및 thiol계 유기첨가제 5~10 ppm 혼합 조건에서 가장 우수한 표면 형상을 얻을 수 있었다. 건식환원공정을 통해 회수한 철(Fe), 니켈(Ni), 코발트(Co) 및 주석(Sn) 등의 불순물이 함유된 각 86.635, 94.969 및 99.917 wt.% 순도의 동 조금속을 사용하여 전해정련하였고, 순도 3N~4N급 전해정련동을 얻을 수 있었다. 동 조금속, 전해액, 전해정련동의 불순 원소 농도 및 동 순도 등의 분석을 통해, 순도 99.99 wt.% 이상 전해정련동을 회수할 수 있는 전해정련 공정시간 및 동 조금속 순도를 도출하였다. The electro-refining process was performed to recovery high purity copper from low grade copper containing sludge in sulfuric acid. The surface morphologies and roughness of electro-refining copper were analyzed with variation of the type and concentration of organic additives, the best surface morphology was obtained 5 ppm of the gelatin type and 5 to 10 ppm of the thiol type organic additive. The crude metal consisted of copper with 86.635, 94.969 and 99.917 wt.%, several impurity metals of iron, nickel, cobalt and tin by pyro-metallurgical process. After electro-refining process, the purity of copper increases to 3N or 4N grade. The impurity concentrations and copper purities of copper crude metals, electrolyte and electro-refining copper were analyzed using ICP-OES, the electro-refining time and purity of copper crude metal to recover 4N grade copper were deduced.

묽은 전해질용액에서 이온의 활동도계수 계산

이만승,손성호,Lee, Man-Seung,Son, Seong Ho 한국자원리싸이클링학회 2018 資源 리싸이클링 Vol.27 No.5

화학반응의 평형상수는 표준자유에너지변화와 관련된다. 평형상수는 반응물과 생성물의 활동도의 비이며 수용액에서 이온강도의 증가로 인한 용질의 비이상성을 고려할 필요가 있다. 묽은 전해질용액에서 이온의 활동도계수를 구할 수 있는 식인 Debye-$H{\ddot{u}}ckel$ 식의 유도과정과 확장식을 설명하였다. 전해질의 평균활동도계수의 실험값로부터 이온의 활동도계수를 구하는 방법을 설명하였다.