독일 유기농 시범농장의 조직과 운영

손상목 ( Sang Mok Sohn ) 한국국제농업개발학회 2015 韓國國際農業開發學會誌 Vol.27 No.2

This study explores the structure and management of German organic demonstration farm which has contributed to transfer the technical skills & knowledges of organic agriculture to the organic farmers and to show consumers the new environmental informations and values on organic farming. It is well known that one of the main reasons why German organic agriculture reached the top class position in organic agriculture is based on the establishment and successful management of demonstration farm in Germany. Recently German government (Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Consumer Protection) established 200 pilot farms national-wide to demonstrate farmers the new techniques of organic farming. In this paper, it is dealing with the structure and management of German organic demonstration farm and how they try to transfer new developed techniques to organic farmer.

수확후(收穫後) 저장(貯藏)과 조리조건(調理條件)에 따른 배추 가식부위내(可食部位內) NO₃^- 함량변화(含量變化)

孫尙穆 ( Sohn Sang-mok ),尹德勳 ( Yoon Deok-hoon ) 한국유기농업학회 1996 韓國有機農業學會誌 Vol.5 No.1

In order to minimize the daily intake amount of nitrate by Chinese cabbage, the favorate vegetable for Korean, the influences of storage conditions at different temperature and light or dark treatments after post-harvest and effects of cooking temperature and infrared rays on changes of nitrate contents in edible parts of Chinese cabbage were determined. The nitrate contents of midrib and leaf blade in Chinese cabbage during post-harvest were decreased steeply in 2 days and decreased slowly again in 5 days. The temperature treatment to decrease the nitrate contents in midrib and leaf blade of Chinese cabbage were effective as the following of 25℃ > 15°C > -4°C > -10°C. The nitrate contents of midrib and leaf blade were decreased in the timecourse of post-harvest. It is more effective to store in 4°C than in 15 °C, and is more effective in transparent vinyl package than in black vinyl package, but the treatment of light is more effective than the treatment of temperature. The nitrate contents of midrib decreased rapidly by 17.9% in the treatment of 5 days at 15°C. By treatment of 80°C, 90°C, 100°C water, the nitrate contents of midrib were increased slightly, but decreased in leaf blade. It reached 68.5%, 50.6%, 45.9% in the leaf blade respectively by treatment of 80°C, 90°C, 100°C water at 1 min. By infrared rays treatment, the nitrate contents of midrib did not change in 3 min but increased rapidly after 6 min, and in the leaf blade it increased continually after 1 min.

연구논문 : 자연과학 ; 독일 "유기농센터"의 조직 체계와 운영 현황

손상목 ( Sang Mok Sohn ) 한국국제농업개발학회 2012 韓國國際農業開發學會誌 Vol.24 No.1

This study explores the Organic Agriculture Extension Service Center (Organic Center) in German that have tried to transfer the technical skills & knowledges of organic agriculture to farmers and to show the new information of organic farming to consumers. After establishment of Organic Center, German organic agriculture made rapid progress in terms of scientific based OA techniques. The Structure, staffs, activities and management of Kompetenzzentrum Oekolandbau Niedersachen (KON) and Kompetenzzentrum Oekolandbau Landbau Rhienland-Pflalz (KON) and etc were introduced shortly. Not only the consulting on plant production and animal production, but also the consulting on food processing & marketing, newsletter publishing, seminar hosting and Technical Helpline were also the major mission of Organic Center. Organic Center use the consulting software REPRO for optimum fertilization tool in organic agriculture and protect environment pollution efficiently. Recently German government (Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Consumer Protection) established 100 pilot farms nationalwide to demonstrate farmers the new techniques of organic farming and to show organic consumers the organic agriculture system as well.

우리나라 유기농 채소내 질산염 함량의 경시적 추이

손상목 ( Sohn Sang-mok ),김영호 ( Kim Young-ho ),윤지영 ( Yoon Ji-young ) 한국유기농업학회 1999 韓國有機農業學會誌 Vol.7 No.2

After the release of facts that the high nitrate contents in vegetables by Korean organic farming, organic farmers were recommended by Korean Organic Farmer Association to apply 20t/ha compost while they applied before as much as they could, sometimes even more than l00t/ha. This study was aimed to check the safety of Korean organic product in terms of nitrate content. Current nitrate content in leaf and root vegetables by 3 different farming systems(organic farming, conventional farming, greenhouse farming) were monitored and furthermore it was compared with previously published another data in Korea to find out any changes among the monitored years(1993-1999). Current nitrate content in Chinese cabbage, lettuce and kale became less compare to those of the beginning of monitoring, and especially those cultivated organic farming got the lowest value while previous organic vegetables at beginning of 90's showed the higher value than those cultivated in greenhouse. This decrease in organic vegetables was affected by less application rate of organic fertilizer than before at 20t/ha. But the nitrate level by organic farming was still higher compare to those cultivated by conventional farming in open field, since currently monitored organic vegetables were cultivated basically in greenhouse condition. It shows the organic farmer the necessity of transfer their farming site and condition from greenhouse to open field in order to decrease of its high level of nitrate caused long-term application and slow release characteristics of organic fertilizer. It was concluded the adoption of soil nitrate test to recommend a organic farmer the exact application rate for need of crop growth. Additionally the mechanism of lower nitrate accumulation in rice and fruit vegetables were also discussed in the paper.

한국 토착유기농업의 토양비옥도 증진책에 대한 환경보전적 기능 평가

손상목(Sang-Mok Sohn),한도희(Do-Hee Han) 한국토양비료학회 2000 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.33 No.3

일반(一般) 관행농법(慣行農法)과 유기농법(有機農法) 배추, 무우의 가식부위(可食部位)내 NO₃^- 집적량(集積量) 차이(差異)

孫尙穆 ( Sang Mok Sohn ),吳京錫 ( Kyeong Seok Oh ),文雨澤 ( Woo Taek Mun ) 한국유기농업학회 1994 韓國有機農業學會誌 Vol.3 No.1

In the edible parts of Chinese cabbage, the NO₃^- accumulation was higher in the outer leaves than in the inner leaves and it was higher in the leaf midrib than in the leaf blade. In Radish, it was higher in the aerial part of the root than in the underground part of root. NO₃^- accumulation in edible parts of Chinese cabbage of organic farming fertilized with compost 8t/10a was about 4 times higher than those of conventional farming with recommended mineral nitrogen; and was similar to those of conventional farming fertilized with twice the mineral nitrogen rate. But, NO₃^- accumulation in radish of organic farming with 8t/10a compost was lower than those of conventional farming with recommended mineral nitrogen. It showed NO₃^- content in the edible parts of vegetables should be considered one of several parameters to judge a real safety vegetable to be certified by government.

E. coli 細胞를 이용한 植物, 土壤 및 水質의 窒酸態 窒素 分析方法

孫尙穆(Sang Mok Sohn),마틴큐케(Martin Kucke),李侖建(Yoon Gun Lee) 한국토양비료학회 1997 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.30 No.4

연구보문 : 영국의 유기농 영농기술이전 조직과 운영

손상목 ( Sang Mok Sohn ) 한국국제농업개발학회 2011 韓國國際農業開發學會誌 Vol.23 No.3

영국의 유기농업의 기술개발과 기술이전 등을 담당하고 있는 유기농 영농기술이전 서비스(유기농센터)는 국가기관에서 자금을 받아 운영하는 시스템, 대학에서 진행하는 시스템, 연구소에서 진행 중인 시스템, 민간에서 운영중인 서비스 등으로 매우 다양한 형태로 설치되어 운영되고 있다. 유기농전환 정보서비스(Organic Conversion Information Service), 유기농훈련 상담소(IOTA), Elm Farm 유기농업연구소(EFRC), Henry Doubleday 유기농연구소(HDRA), 영국토양협회(The Soil Association), 웨일즈 유기농센터(OCW), Abscus유기농기술컨설팅회사(Abacus Organic Associates) 등이 많이 알려져있는 유기농센터이다. 영국의 유기농센터는 지역적으로 잘 분포되어 있고 국가(또는 광역지자체)의 자금으로 운영되고 있어, 유기농업인이 폭넓게 각종 유기농 영농기술 정보 및 영농기술지도 서비스를 각 지역에서 선택적으로 받을 수 있도록 완비되어 있다. 유기농센터는 유기농업 현지적응 기술개발 및 연구 사업을 실시하고, 유기농업 신기술의 전시포(유기농 채소가든, 유기농 허브가든, 퇴비제조 전시포 등)를 운영하며, 유기농잡지를 발간하고, 유기농업을 위한 재래종자은행(Heritage Seed Library) 등을 운영하고, 유기농 채소에 대한 정보를 제공하고 다양한 범위의 주제를 포함하여 재배 전환, 해충, 잡초 및 질병 그리고 마케팅에 관해 소개하고 있다. 또한 유기농 영농기술지도, 유기농 전환계획, 컨설팅 서비스, 유기농가의 영농자금계획, 유기농 작목반 지도, 토양진단 최적시비, 자료발간 등의 업무를 통해 유기농 영농지도를 수행하고 있다. 또한 유기농 실습 이벤트 진행, 유기농 관련 출판물 발행, 유기농으로의 전환을 꾀하는 농가에 사례 연구와 조사 결과를 서비스하고 있고, 유기농을 지속하려는 농가에게는 사례 연구 및 동향, 마케팅 기술에 관해 서비스를 제공하며, 각종 이벤트와 교육도 병행하고 있다. 유기농 전환정보 서비스의 전화상담(Helpline)에서는 전화 영농상담 및 유기농 전환기술 정보 자료집(Information Pack), 3.5시간의 농장 현지방문 상담, 7시간의 농장 현지방문 상담 등을 통해 더 많은 농가가 유기농으로 전환할 수 있도록 영농기술을 상담 지도하고 있다. 유기농센터는 유기농 식품의 장점 홍보, 식량안보, 식품생명, GMO, 살충제, 항생제의 사용 반대 등의 캠페인을 주도하고 있으며, 농장견학 추진, 유기농장학교(유기농 기숙 습득), 유기견습제도 등의 교육을 실시하고, 지역사회가 지원하는 농업(CSA), 유기농장 네트워크 등의 활동도 벌이고 있다. 우리나라에도 이와 유사한 "유기농센터"가 각 광역지자체별로 설치되어 유기농가가 현장에서 필요로 하는 새로운 유기농 기술이 제도적으로 편리하게 농민들에게 전달될 수 있기를 기대해 본다. This study explores the Organic Agriculture(OA) Extension Service Center in U.K. Where the technical skills & knowledges of OA transfer to farmers and the new information of organic farming to consumers. After establishment of Organic Centre, UK OA made rapid progress in terms of scientific based on OA techniques. The Structure, staffs, activities and management of Organic Conversion Information Service, Institute of Organic Training & Advice, Elm Farm Research Centre, Henry Doubleday Research Association, The Soil Association, Organic Centre Wales and Abscus Organic Associates were introduced shortly to deliver an idea how to establish the OS Extension Service Center in Korea in the future. Not only the consulting on an organic plant production & animal production, but also the consulting on food processing & marketing, newsletter publishing, seminar hosting and Technical Helpline were also the major mission of Organic Center.

한국 환경농업의 성공적 정착을 위한 정책적 및 기술적 접근과제

손상목 ( Sang Mok Sohn ),정길생 ( Kil Saeng Chung ) 한국유기농업학회 1997 韓國有機農業學會誌 Vol.5 No.2

This study aims to point out the basic strategy of agrotechnical and -political approaches toward successful settling for the environmental agriculture system in Korea. Although environmental agriculture & forestry strategy toward the 21st century and it's action program were released in 1996, some scientist from environmental agriculture and organic agriculture still argue on the errors of it’s strategy and action program in terms of environmental sound function. Especially it’s strategy and action program of government did not focus the reduction of fertilizer and pesticide as the matters of weight and importance to realize an environmental sound agriculture system. And korean organic agriculture gets a point in dispute, because 1) they do not practice of Basic Standard of IFOAM and FAO/WHO Codex draft, and 2) organic farming is defined quite differently from internationally recognized core aspects of organic agriculture. Organic farming, in Korea, is taken to mean the replacement of chemical fertilizer by organic manure and avoidance of agricultural chemicals. In the paper it is discussed the necessity, purpose, effect and consequence of basic standard for korean organic agriculture. The reformation of the certification system and the direct payment system in environmental agriculture & forestry strategy toward the 21st century and it's action program by government, and on the need of the teaching program and curriculum in high education institution, the breeding program of resistant cultivars, the soil testing for optimum fertilization strategy, the nutrient management program, the declaration for 2020 environmental agriculture are also discussed.

시설재배 관행농업과 유기농업 토양의 질산 및 인산 fraction의 용탈

손상목(Sang Mok Sohn),김영호(Young Ho Kim),윤덕훈(Duck Hoon Yoon),마틴 큐케(Martin Kuecke) 한국토양비료학회 2003 한국토양비료학회 학술발표회 초록집 Vol.2003 No.5