Global Ignorance about Northeast Asian Aid Systems: The Role of Ideas

섀넌 동북아시아문화학회 2014 동북아 문화연구 Vol.1 No.41

This project explores the question of why the Western dominated global development industry (GDI) generally ignores significant foreign aid donors in Northeast Asia and outside the West, especially focusing on the issue of ideas. Even though Asia specialists who are political scientists and economists have completed numerous studies on Asian development, the GDI especially ignores alternative Asian systems of aid. Here we examine the question of why the GDI ignores the aid systems of three Northeast Asian nations—in particular, those of China, Japan and South Korea. The paper surveys recent literature in Western languages on Northeast Asian aid systems. Second, I briefly examine case studies of important aid-related ideas of older Northeast Asian donors (China and Japan) and one “emerging” non-Western donor (South Korea), which is more recent. In the conclusion, I argue that Western and GDI bias towards Asian aid systems is likely to continue, despite the current emergence of alternative, non-Western multilateral development banks, such as the BRICS New Development Bank and the Asia Infrastructure Investment Bank, the latter led by China.

New Perspectives on Teaching American and International Studies in Northeast Asia: A South Korean Case Study

섀넌 동아인문학회 2013 동아인문학 Vol.24 No.-

How can we improve American studies education in Northeast Asian graduate international relations programs? This paper considers the state of American studies in the West, in East Asia, and in Northeast Asian IR programs, and reviews relevant literatures in IR, transnational American studies, and international education. World systems theory is used to analyze data on American studies courses at leading IR schools in the region and a case study of graduate training in US history, culture and world affairs in Korea. The study concludes that the system of American studies is centered in the US, though Northeast Asia’s system is extensive. How can the region’s students better learn about US history, culture and IR? More Northeast Asian IR programs should offer courses on that topic. Understanding such issues is vital for Asia-US relations. Increased US investment in training in the region integrating political, social and historical issues, could help address these problems.

Globalization in Busan and beyond: solving problems in international trade, transport and tourism through applied social science

섀넌 인하대학교 정석물류통상연구원 2010 JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL LOGISTICS AND TRADE Vol.8 No.2

Busan (Pusan), Korea’s second largest city (population 3.6 million) and fifth busiest port in the world, is experiencing rapidly increasing trade, global connections, events, and resulting infrastructural projects. What should Busan do to better handle the social, political, and economic complexities brought by these changes?To answer this question, this paper explores the relationship of globalization and culture, as treated by cultural anthropology. It also considers how the tools of applied social science and anthropology can be mobilized to help Busan and the southeast region of Korea deal with these challenges. After introducing anthropological treatments of culture, globalization and global problems, I discuss how applied social science/anthropology is used in international business/trade, tourism, and transport/logistics, especially the third area. To show how applied social science can help transportation and logistics projects in Busan and Korea, I present lessons from case studies and examples in Denver, Colorado Springs, Chuuk (Truk, South Pacific), and Korea. Applied social science and applied anthropology present a wealth of helpful methods and insights to help Busan and Korea improve planning, public participation, political, social and environmental issues in transport and logistics projects, and to help prevent ethical and budgetary lapses. Finally, I offer suggestions for initial training programs and future studies to help expedite these goals.

The Cultures of North American International Studies: Impacts and Lessons for Korean Education

섀넌 한국영미문화학회 2016 영미문화 Vol.16 No.3

Building on anthropological and humanistic concepts of culture, this study explores the relevance of “cultures” of international relations/international studies (IR) education in the United States and Canada for education in South Korea, especially for foundational curricular issues. Throughout the postwar period, the United States has dominated the global system of IR education, including much influence on close allies like Korea. Based on qualitative interviews and field research in North America, the study seeks to uncover greater understanding about the transfer of cultural knowledge to North America to Korea in this particular educational case, focusing especially on graduate programs, where most high level IR research is conducted. The study also examines potential reform models for Korean IR programs outside Seoul (the latter, particularly under-studied). The paper zeroes in on several important curricular issues for outlying Korean programs: the institutional and organizational cultures of IR education in North America and Korea, the need for interdisciplinary versus disciplinary training, area studies issues, offering combined undergraduate-graduate curricula, improving the curricula in programs outside Seoul, and suggestions for further research. The study concludes that although it is strongly influenced by the United States, South Korea indeed has an independent system of international studies education.

Occidental Ignorance: How the International Development Industry Ignores Asian Development and Aid Donors

섀넌 동북아시아문화학회 2012 동북아 문화연구 Vol.1 No.32

Powerful Western nations dominate the world’s leading international development organizations. Western‐trained development specialists pay close attention to preferred economic models and ignore others. The main regions whose development experiences are ignored are East Asia and Japan. Japan was the first non-Western and Asian nation to develop. In the late 1900s, Japan had the world’s fastest rate of growth, and was often called the “Japanese miracle.” Despite its current recession, Japan remains one of the world’s wealthiest nations. Yet there is a high level of Western ignorance about development in Japan and in other Northeast and Southeast Asian nations. Many countries in East Asia are also rising as potentially powerful new donors in the foreign aid community, mostly outside the traditional OECD/DAC donor framework. What has caused this profound state of ignorance? Many of the reasons are cultural. This paper argues that the development industry must recognize that Asian development and aid are different. It surveys the history of Japanese aid, recent international aid trends and their impacts on Japanese aid, reasons for Western ignorance about Asian development and aid models, and what the global development industry and Japan can learn from each other.

Teaching and Promoting Business Anthropology in Northeast Asia: Implications from a South Korean Case Study

섀넌 한국무역통상학회 2012 무역통상학회지 Vol.12 No.3

This paper introduces the field of business anthropology to international business scholars in South Korea, and explores questions related to the teaching and promotion of business anthropology in Korea and Northeast Asia. Business anthropology has taken off in the West since the 1970s. It provides rich insights for business and international business. Practitioners are highly valued by many high technology firms in the United States and Europe,including many of the most prestigious companies. The field is commonly unknown to business scholars in Northeast Asia. After presenting the study’s research methodology,theoretical background, literature review, research contexts and relevant background on anthropology, international business and international studies, the study follows with a case study of business anthropology education at the Graduate School of International Studies at Pusan National University. The case study explores how well business anthropology has been received at the school and investigates possibilities for increasing the teaching of the subject there. A broader issue is how the tools of business anthropology can be developed within GSIS and PNU to better meet the needs of Busan’s businesses and industries. Finally, the research considers the question

Applying Anthropology to International Studies in Northeast Asia : An Exploration of Educational and Ethical Issues in Expatriate Research

섀넌 동북아시아문화학회 2022 동북아 문화연구 Vol.1 No.73

This research presents a brief study and an exploratory retrospective of the current researcher’s work and research in South Korea and Northeast Asia, including the challenges of integrating anthropology within the broader interdisciplinary field of international studies. The chief research questions are, what important lessons emerge from examining the research, teaching and career experiences of an expatriate professor serving in Northeast Asia, and regarding the role(s) of applying anthropology within international studies in the same region? The paper examines applied anthropological research the present researcher has done in South Korea as an expatriate professor and the primary contexts influencing his training and on-going work, including the broad state (institutional contexts) of the fields of international studies, anthropology and applied anthropology in South Korea and Northeast Asia. Next, the paper explores the author’s research involving countries and cultures in the region, both published and unpublished research. The paper also discusses anthropological pedagogy: how the researcher has used applied anthropology to teach about international affairs, international development, business, and logistics, some of the primary domains of anthropological application connected with international studies in Korea. This research also considers important ethical and research issues and challenges that expatriate anthropological researchers and graduate students can face in South Korea, including teaching and handling applied social science research ethics. The study concludes with key lessons derived from these examples of studying diverse aspects of cultures in Northeast Asia from an applied social science perspective. Chiefly, while anthropology and applied anthropology offer highly valuable, practical perspectives on academic and practitioner issues in international studies, Northeast Asia and South Korea need to develop and expand anthropology as an academic discipline, including actual training programs in applied and public anthropology. If not, the capacity of anthropology and applied anthropology to contribute to international studies and other domains in the region will be hindered.

Community Relations and Cooperation in Korea’s International Studies Schools outside Seoul

리차드 W. 섀넌(Richard W. Shannon) 한국NGO학회 2021 NGO연구 Vol.16 No.2

수백만 명의 사람들에게 영향을 미치는 국제적 위기가 매일 발생하고 있다. 이러한 국제위기 연구를 위해, 전 세계적으로 네트워크 관계망을 구축한 국제전문학교들이 있다. 본 논문은 한국의 외곽 국제전문학교의 국내 지역사회와 지역 관계에 초점을 맞추고 있으며, 부분적으로 인류학적 연구 접근방식을 사용하여 가능한 중요한 통찰을 포함하여 북미의 유사한 학교들의 교훈을 바탕으로 얻은 통찰력에 기초하고 있다. 한국의 명문 국제전문학교는 대부분 서울 근교에 있지만, 지방 혹은 외곽 지역도 세계적인 문제의 영향력 아래에 있고 국제전문학교를 통한 교육을 필요로 한다. 외곽 지역 IR 학교를 지역 사회와 연결하는 것은 여러 가지 이유로 중요하다. 이 논문의 주요 연구 질문은 한국 외곽 국제전문학교들의 공동체 관계의 전반적인 상태는 어떠한가 하는 것이다. 서론에서는 논문의 연구 주제에 대한 근거와 중요성에 대해 설명하고, 글로벌 및 로컬 현상의 연구를 연결하는 방법에 대한 아이디어를 제시한다. 이어지는 부분에서는 연구 접근법, 현재의 한국 외곽 IR학교의 지역사회 관계 현황, 연구 결론 등을 제공한다. 연구 결과 중 한국외곽 IR학교의 지역사회 관계는 긍정적이고 부정적인 측면이 있지만, 사회과학 이론을 포함한 이러한 이슈에 대한 추가적인 민족학 연구와 국내지역 비 정부단체(NGO)의 잠재적으로 중요한 역할에서 발생할 수 있는 잠재적 결과도 풍부하다. International crises occur every day, affecting millions of people. To research them, there is a global network of international studies schools. This paper focuses on the domestic community and regional relations of South Korea’s outlier schools of international affairs, partly based on insights generated from studying similar schools in North America, including significant insights that are possible using anthropological research approaches. Most of Korea’s prestigious international relations (IR) schools are near Seoul, but outlying regions also experience global issues. Connecting regional IR schools with their communities is important, for various reasons. The paper’s primary research question is, what is the general state of the community relations of Korea’s outlying international studies schools? The Introduction presents the rationale and importance of paper’s research subject and ideas about how to connect the study of the global and local phenomena here. The subsequent sections provide the research approach, the current state of the community relations of Korea’s outlier IR schools, and the study’s conclusions. Among the findings: the community relations of Korea’s outlying IR schools have positive and negative aspects, and yet there are also rich potential outcomes possible from further ethnographic study of these issues, including for social science theory, and the potentially important role of regional non-governmental organizations (NGOs) here.

Global Ignorance about Northeast Asian Aid Systems: The Role of Ideas

Richard W. Shannon(리처드 W. 섀넌) 동북아시아문화학회 2014 동북아 문화연구 Vol.1 No.41

본 연구는 왜 서구 주도의 국제개발분야(GDI)가 동북아 및 非서구권의 주요 원조 공여국들을 무시하고 있는지에 대해 탐문하면서 특별히 개념(ideas)들의 문제에 초점을 맞추어 분석하고자 한다. 비록 아시아의 정치, 경제 전문가들이 아시아 개발에 대한 많은 연구를 수행했지만, 기존의 국제개발분야는 특히 동북아 삼국(한국, 중국, 일본)의 대안적 아시아 원조 시스템을 제대로 다루지 않고 있다. 이 논문은 왜 그런지에 대한 질문에 답하고자 하며, 우선, 동북아 원조 시스템에 관해 서구권 언어들로 작성된 최근의 문헌들을 조사할 것이다. 둘째로, 이 연구에서는 역사가 오래된 동북아시아 원조 공여국인 중국과 일본, 그리고 최근에 “부상하는” 非서구권 공여국인 한국의 원조를 중심으로 원조와 관련된 중요 개념들의 사례를 간략하게 검토할 것이다. 끝으로, 결론에서는 서구권 및 국제개발분야의 편견, 즉 아시아 원조 시스템에 대한 편견은 여전히 지속될 것이며, 이런 현상은 BRICs 신개발(NDB)은행이나 중국 주도의 아시아인프라투자은행(AIIB)과 같은 대안적 비서구권 다자간 개발은행이 부상하고 있음에도 불구하고 여전히 그럴 것으로 주장한다. This project explores the question of why the Western dominated global development industry (GDI) generally ignores significant foreign aid donors in Northeast Asia and outside the West, especially focusing on the issue of ideas. Even though Asia specialists who are political scientists and economists have completed numerous studies on Asian development, the GDI especially ignores alternative Asian systems of aid. Here we examine the question of why the GDI ignores the aid systems of three Northeast Asian nations—in particular, those of China, Japan and South Korea. The paper surveys recent literature in Western languages on Northeast Asian aid systems. Second, I briefly examine case studies of important aid-related ideas of older Northeast Asian donors (China and Japan) and one “emerging” non-Western donor (South Korea), which is more recent. In the conclusion, I argue that Western and GDI bias towards Asian aid systems is likely to continue, despite the current emergence of alternative, non-Western multilateral development banks, such as the BRICS New Development Bank and the Asia Infrastructure Investment Bank, the latter led by China.

Advanced Curricular Issues in Korean International Studies Graduate Schools: Lessons from North America

Richard W. Shannon(리챠드 W 섀넌) 동북아시아문화학회 2020 동북아 문화연구 Vol.1 No.64

Based on programs in North America, this study examines lessons for selected advanced curricular issues in graduate level international studies education in South Korea’s regions beyond Seoul. The primary research question concerns how Korea’s outlying graduate schools of international studies can be improved by developing more professionally focused programs, offering more useful joint/dual degrees, incorporating management training and improving global executive education. The paper also considers general and curricular problems faced by these schools, reasons for focusing on outlying schools and lessons from North America, and for exercising care in developing applications from other regions. The research also looks at how outlying regions experience significant global problems, including over-centralization, population decline, multiculturalism, trade, nuclear energy and weapons issues, and socio-economic impacts. I argue that outlying international studies schools can help provide the widest range of tools to help their regions cope with these challenges. Finally, I conclude that there are potentially useful lessons from North America for Korea which, if carefully applied, can assist international studies scholars and practitioners to help their regions better handle the local/regional impacts of global issues, including issues of conflict, peace and reunification between the Koreas. I also argue that the knowledge and research approaches of applied anthropology are highly effective tools for helping Korea to respond more effectively to its local-global challenges. Applied anthropology can help Korea to connect international issues with their local and regional impacts, to better understand how global forces affect human communities, groups and individuals, and to provide effective, practical solutions.