소프트콘택트렌즈 재질에 따른 아이라이너 성분의 착색차이

변현영,유현정,최승혜,김소라,박미정 대한시과학회 2017 대한시과학회지 학술대회 Vol.2017 No.06

목적: 본 연구에서는 3종의 소프트콘택트렌즈에 침착시켰을 때 리퀴드 아이라이너에 함유된 산화철 성분에 따라 소프트콘택트렌즈의 착색 정도 및 세척 가능 여부의 차이를 알아보았다. 방법: 적색산화철, 황색산화철, 흑색산화철이 각각 함유되어 있는 리퀴드 아이라이너 3종과 두 가지 혹은 세 가지의 산화철이 혼합되어 있는 리퀴드 아이라이너 3종을 식염수에 희석 시킨 후에 somofilcon A, nesofilcon A, galyfilcon A, etafilcon A 렌즈에 1시간 동안 담가 둔 후와 다목적 용액으로 세척 후의 착색 정도 변화를 육안 관찰 및 가시광선투과도 측정을 하였다. 결과: Etafilcon A 와 somofilcon A 렌즈는 흑색산화철이 함유된 아이라이너에 침착되었을 때 착색 정도가 가장 컸으며, nesofilcon A 렌즈는 황색산화철이 함유된 아이라이너에 침착 되었을 때 착색정도가 가장 컸다. Galyfilcon A 렌즈는 적색산화철, 적색산화철과 황색산화 철이 함유된 아이라이너에서 착색정도가 가장 컸다. 황색산화철이 함유된 아이라이너에 침착된 nesofilcon A 렌즈의 경우 다목적용액으로 세척 후에도 착색이 가장 많이 남아있는 것으로 나타났다. 결론: 본 연구를 통해 리퀴드 아이라이너에 의해 소프트콘택트렌즈가 착색되며, 리퀴드 아이라이너에 함유된 산화철 성분에 따라서는 특정 재질의 렌즈에서 비가역적인 착색을 유발하여 다목적 용액을 이용한 세척에도 원상복귀가 되지 않음을 확인하였다. 따라서 소프트콘 택트렌즈 착용자에게 착색이 유발되는 화장품에 대한 사전 교육이 필요할 것으로 보인다.

UV-B 반복노출에 따른 항산화효소의 변성 및 활성저하와 RGP렌즈의 차단효과

변현영,이은정,오대환,김소라,박미정 한국안광학회 2015 한국안광학회지 Vol.20 No.2

Purpose: The present study was conducted to reveal the correlation of structural denaturation and decrease of enzyme activity when the antioxidative enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were repeatedly exposed to UV-B, and further investigate whether the denaturation and inactivation of those enzymes can be effectively blocked by using UV-inhibitory RGP lens. Methods: Each enzyme solution was prepared from the standardized SOD and CAT, and repeatedly exposed to UV-B of 312 nm for 30 minutes, 1 hour and 2 hours a day over 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 days. Structural denaturation of SOD and CAT induced by repeat UV-B irradiation was confirmed by the electrophoretic analysis, and their enzyme activity was determined by the colorimetric assay using the proper assay kit. At that time, the change in structure and activity of the antioxidant enzymes directly exposed to UV-B was compared to the case that UV-B was blocked by UV-inhibitory RGP lens. Results: SOD exposed repeatedly to UV-B showed the polymerization pattern in the electrophoretic analysis when it repeatedly exposed for 30 min a day, however, the change of its activity was less than 10%. On the other hand, CAT repeatedly exposed to UV-B reduced size and density of the electrophoretic band which indicated a structure denaturation, and its activity was significantly decreased. In the case that the repeat exposure time was longer, CAT activity was completely lost even though some enzyme band occurred in the electrphoretic analysis. In addition, the degeneration of CAT due to UV-B irradiation was inhibited to some extent by using RGP lens with a UV-B blocking of 63.7%, however, it was not completely inhibited. Conclusions: From these results, it was revealed that the structural denaturation of antioxidative enzymes was not perfectly correlated with the reduction in enzyme activity according to the type of enzyme. It is recommended to minimize the exposure time to UV when wearing contact lens, or wear the contact lenses having UV blocking rate of the FDA Class I blocker or the sunglasses having equivalent UV-blocking rate for reducing the damage of antioxidative enzymes induced by UV. 목적: 본 연구는 안구에 존재하는 항산화효소인 superoxide dismutase(SOD)와 catalase(CAT)가 UV-B에 반복적으로 노출되었을 때 유발되는 구조변성 및 활성저하의 상관관계를 밝히며, 자외선 차단 RGP렌즈의 사용으로 효소의 변성과활성저하가 효율적으로 차단되는가를 알아보기 위하여 수행되었다. 방법: SOD와 CAT의 표준품으로 각각의 효소용액을 제조하고 하루 30분, 1시간 및 2시간씩 312 nm의 UV-B에 1, 2, 3, 4 및 5일 동안 반복적으로 노출시켰다. 이 때 UVB에직접 노출시킨 항산화효소의 구조 및 활성변화를 자외선 차단기능이 있는 RGP렌즈로 UV-B를 차단시킨 경우와비교하였다. UV-B 반복노출에 따른 SOD와 CAT의 구조변성은 전기영동분석으로 확인하였으며, 이들 효소활성은 분석키트를 이용하여 비색분석법으로 측정하였다. 결과: UV-B에 반복노출된 SOD는 일일 30분 조사조건으로 반복노출되었을 때에도 전기영동분석에서 효소다중화(polymerization)가 관찰되었으나 활성의 변화는 10% 이내로 나타났다. 반면UV-B에 반복노출된 CAT은 전기영동 시 효소밴드크기나 진하기가 감소하여 구조변성이 나타났음을 확인할 수 있었으며, 반복노출시간이 긴 경우 CAT은 전기영동분석에서 효소밴드를 보임에도 불구하고 그 활성은 완전히 소실되었다. 또한 UV-B 조사로 인한 CAT의 변성은 63.7%의 UV-B 차단기능을 가진 RGP렌즈의 사용으로 어느 정도 억제되었으나완전히 억제되는 것은 아니었다. 결론: 이상의 결과로 UV-B 반복노출에 따른 항산화효소의 구조변성은 그 종류에 따라 효소활성의 감소정도와 반드시 일치하는 것은 아님을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 자외선으로 인한 항산화효소의 손상을막기 위하여서는 콘택트렌즈를 착용한 상태에서 자외선 노출시간을 최소화하거나, FDA Class I 차단제에 해당하는 UV 차단율을 가지는 콘택트렌즈를 착용 또는 이에 상응하는 UV차단율을 가지는 선글라스를 덧착용할 것을 권장한다.

콘택트렌즈 관리용액의 미셀임계농도 및 표면장력과 세척력 간의 상관관계

변현영,성형경,문준식,이아영,권세영,김소라,박미정 한국안광학회 2014 한국안광학회지 Vol.19 No.1

The present study was aimed to figure out the correlation amongst the evaluation methods for criticalmicelle concentration, surface tension and protein cleaning efficacy to evaluate cleaning efficacy of contact lenscare products. Methods: The critical micelle concentration of surfactants and the actual concentration ofsurfactants in contact lens care solutions were investigated by employing references published and relatedinformation. Surface tension of contact lens care solutions was measured by surface tension device at 25±1oC,and contact lenses made of lotrafilcon A, comfilcon A and balafilcon A were washed with contact lens caresolutions after the incubation in artificial tears for 14 days and their cleaning efficacy was compared. Results:Among the 22 contact lens care products, 9 products provided the label of the concentration of surfactant, and 7products showed higher concentration of surfactant than the critical micelle concentration reported in references. As a result of measuring surface tension, the surface tension of lens care products for soft contact lens wasgenerally lower than other care products. When examined the removal effect of protein deposited on lens surface,it was known that the care products having lower surface tension showed higher protein removal efficiency. Conclusions: The surface tension is low when surfactant concentration in contact lens care solutions is high, andthe removal effect of protein deposited is accordingly increased with the decrease of surface tension. Thus, theseindicate the correlation amongst the evaluation methods for cleaning efficacy. 본 연구에서는 콘택트렌즈 관리용품의 세척력 평가를 위해 미셀임계농도 평가법, 표면장력 평가법 및 단백질세척효율평가법의 상관관계에 대해 알아보고자 하였다. 방법: 계면활성제의 미셀임계농도와 실제 콘택트렌즈 관리용액의 계면활성제 농도를 문헌과 관련 자료들을 이용하여 조사하였다. 표면장력기기로 25±1oC에서 콘택트렌즈 관리용액의 표면장력을 측정하였으며, lotrafilcon A, comfilcon A, balafilcon A재질의 렌즈를 인공누액에 14일 동안 침착시킨 후 콘택트렌즈 관리용액으로 세척하여 세척효율을 비교하였다. 결과: 콘택트렌즈 관리용품 22제품 중 계면활성제 농도가 표시된 제품은 9제품이었으며 문헌상의 미셀임계농도보다 계면활성제 농도가 더 높은 제품은 7제품이었다. 표면장력을 측정한 결과 대체적으로 소프트렌즈용 관리용품의 표면장력이 다른 관리용품보다 낮음을 알 수 있었으며, 렌즈에 침착된 단백질 제거효과 분석 결과에서는 표면장력이 더 낮은 제품의 단백질 제거효율이 더 높은 것을 알 수 있었다. 결론: 콘택트렌즈 관리용액의 계면활성제 농도가 높은 경우 표면장력이 낮으며, 표면장력이 낮을수록 침착된 단백질 세척 효율이 높아져 세척력 평가법 간에 서로 상관관계가 있음을 밝혔다.

유아의 형제관계에 따른 사회·인지적 놀이형태와 또래놀이 상호작용에 관한 연구

변현영,정계숙 부산대학교 보육종합센터 영유아보육연구소 2008 영유아보육연구 Vol.14 No.-

The purpose of this study was to find any differences in young children's social- cognitive play form and the peer-play interactions according to the relations of sibling. In order to solve problems, focused on 90 4 year-old K-kindergarten living in Busan. The instruments which are used for understanding the play form according to children's presence of sibling and order of birth: Rubin, Maioni and Hormung(1976) are made for estimating at once with a mean to combinate social- cognitive play steps. those are used social-cognitive play scale which are adapted by sung-ae Ji(1996). In order to scaling the peer-play interactions, the Penn Interactive Peer Play Sca1e(PIPPS) those are made by Fantuzzo, Sutton-Smith, Coolahan, Manz, Canning and Debnam(1995), those aie used which adapted by su-young Kim(2000). The sca1es(PIPPS-T) are composed of 32 questions, instructors rate actions of each children. Analyzing datum For calculating results, used SPSS 12 version, statistics analysis program and conducted t-verification which is based on the average and the standard deviation. After that process, the study results were as follows. First, there are significant differences social-cognitive play form according to children's presence of sibling. the children who have siblings much appeared that they prefer to group-role play, group-rule play, group-constructive play, group-functional play, parallel-role play, few appeared solitary-constructive play, non play, solitary-role play, solitary-functional play. there were the children who have sibling much do group play and e children who don't have sibling much do solitary play of social play form. Second, there are meaningful differences in forms of social-cognitive play at the part of subordinate variable according to children's order of birth, the fust child mostly appeared in parallel-constructive play, Parallel-functional play than second-above child, the second-above child mostly appeared group-role play more than the first child, those are indicated that the first child prefer parallel play, second-above one prefer group-role play. Third, there are meaningfu1 differences in the peer-play interactions at the part of subordinate variable according to children's presence of sibling, therefore, children who have sibling gained high score in interactive peer-play, on the contrary children who don't have sibling gained high score in cutting play. Forth, there are meaningful differences in the peer-play interactions the part of subordinate variable according to children's order of birth, therefore, the first child gained higher score in interactive peer-play than second-above child.

아이라이너의 착색성분에 따른 소프트콘택트렌즈의 착색차이

변현영(Hyun Young Byun),유현정(Hyeon Jung Yu),최승혜(Seung Hye Choi),신장철(Jang Cheol Shin),김소라(So Ra Kim),박미정(Mijung Park) 한국안광학회 2017 한국안광학회지 Vol.22 No.4

소프트콘택트렌즈 단백질제거제의 효능 평가법 분석

변현영(Hyun Young Byun),성형경(Hyung Gyeong Sung),원혜림(Hye Lim Won),심지인(Ji In Shim),박미정(Mi Jung Park),김소라(So Ra Kim) 한국안광학회 2014 한국안광학회지 Vol.19 No.1

Purpose:The present study was conducted to establish the experimental condition for the proper evaluation of protein removal efficacy when developing protein removal agents. Its protein removal efficacy was further analyzed and compared with the result from protein removal efficacy against protein deposition on contact lens to suggest the evaluation method for efficacy of protein removal agents. Methods: Protein digestibility assay presented in the Korean pharmacopoeia was selected to establish the evaluation method for efficacy of papain, pancreatin, subtilisin A and protease itself as a ingredient and protein removal tablets or solution containing those enzymes and find a suitable test conditions. Furthermore, the cleaning efficacy of commercially available protein removal tablets and solution on balafilcon A lens deposited with protein artificially was measured and the correlation between two evaluation methods was further analyzed. Results: When pancreatin itself and the product containing pancreatin was evaluated by protein digestibility assay, both reached 28 IU/mg, the standard value of protein digestibility suggested by the Korean pharmacopoeia. In case of protease and subtilisin A tested with trichloroacetic acid B solution, both of them met the enzyme activity level proposed by the manufacturers when they were evaluated by protein digestibility assay however, papain and subtilisin A tested with trichloroacetic acid A solution were not reached the enzyme activity level. Among protein removal agents, three products except a product containing pancreatin did not meet the enzyme activity value specified by the manufacturer when they were evaluated by protein digestibility assay. However, actual protein removal efficacy of three products except a papain-containing product on the lens was greater than 90% protein removal. In the case of papain-containing protein removal product, its effect was not measured by protein digestibility assay however, its actual protein removal efficacy on the lens reached 73.72%. Conclusions: From the results, it was confirmed that the efficacy of protein removal agents for contact lens should be evaluated by different method according to the type of proteolytic enzyme contained. That is, the protein removal agents containing pancreatin, protease and subtilisin A can be evaluated by protein digestibility assay and protein removal efficiency evaluation and the products containing papain can be effectively evaluated by only the evaluation method for protein removal efficiency employing the lens.

소프트콘택트렌즈의 자외선 차단율과 SPF 환산수치에 대한 연구

이정민,변현영,김재민,박미정 대한시과학회 2019 대한시과학회지 학술대회 Vol.2019 No.07

축 안정화 디자인이 상이한 토릭소프트콘택트렌즈의 회전 양상 차이

박소현,김동연,최주희,변현영,김소라,박미정 한국안광학회 2015 한국안광학회지 Vol.20 No.2

Purpose: It was investigated whether two different stabilization designs of toric contact lenses changed the rotational axis and degree of toric lenses according to body posture and gaze direction in the present study. Methods: Toric soft contact lenses with Lo-TorqueTM design and ASD design (accelerated stabilized design) were fitted on 52 eyes aged in 20s-30s. Then, rotational degree was measured at the five gaze directions including front gaze and the lying position. Results: When gazing the front and vertical directions in the upright posture, lens was much rotated to nasal side for the Lo-TorqueTM design and temporal side for the ASD design. When gazing horizontal direction, both design lenses were rotated against to the gaze direction. Rotation degree was the smallest at superior direction gaze and the largest at nasal gaze. In case of the rotation degree less than 5o, Lo- TorqueTM design was more frequent when gazing front and vertical directions, and ASD design was more frequent when gazing horizontal direction. In addition, the lens with Lo-TorqueTM design was lesser rotation degree than with ASD design immediately after lying. On the other hand, the lens with ASD design was lesser rotation degree than with Lo-TorqueTM design 1 minute later after lying. Conclusions: This study confirmed that axis rotation of the lens induced by gaze direction and posture was different according to axis stabilization design during wearing toric soft contact lens. 목적: 본 연구에서는 축 안정화 디자인이 상이한 두 토릭소프트콘택트렌즈의 회전축과 회전량이 자세와 응시방향에 따라 달라지는 지를 알아보았다. 방법: 20~30대 52안을 대상으로, Lo-TorqueTM 디자인 및 ASD 디자인(accelerated stabilized design) 토릭소프트콘택트렌즈를 피팅한 후 정면을 포함한 5가지 응시방향과 누운 자세에서의 회전량을 측정하였다. 결과: 정자세에서 정면 및 수직방향 응시 시 Lo-TorqueTM 디자인 렌즈는 코쪽, ASD 디자인 렌즈는 귀쪽으로 회전하는 비율이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 수평방향 응시시에는 두 렌즈 모두 응시방향과 반대로축회전이 일어났다. 위쪽을 응시할 때의 회전량이 가장 작았으며 코쪽을 응시할 때의 회전량이 가장 많았다. 5o 이내의 회전량을 보인 경우는 정면과 수직방향을 응시할 때의 Lo-TorqueTM 디자인 렌즈에서 더 많았으며, 수평방향응시 시에는 ASD 디자인 렌즈에서 더 많았다. 또한, 누운 직후에는 Lo-TorqueTM 디자인 렌즈의 회전량이 더 적었으나 1분 후에는 ASD 디자인 렌즈의 회전량이 더 적었다. 결론: 본 연구에서는 토릭소프트콘택트렌즈 착용 후 응시방향 및 자세에 의해 유발되는 축회전이 축 안정화 디자인에 따라 달라짐을 확인하였다.

콘택트렌즈 관리용품의 살균력 효능 검사법 비교

성형경(Hyung Kyung Sung),변현영(Hyun Young Byun),김소라(So Ra Kim),박미정(Mi Jung Park) 한국안광학회 2014 한국안광학회지 Vol.19 No.1

Purpose:The present study was aimed to compare the results of disinfection efficacy tested by membrane filtration method with dilution-neutralization method to develop the standard methods for evaluating disinfection efficacy of contact lens care products and to provide the result of disinfection efficacy of commercially available contact lens care products in domestic market. Methods: The results of disinfection efficacy against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Serratia marcescens, Candida albicans evaluated by membrane filtration method as a FDA standard and dilution-neutralization method as newly being a KFDA standard were compared and the disinfection efficacy of 16 multi-purpose solutions was further evaluated. Results: The disinfectants and contact lens care products having strong disinfection efficacy showed same results in both membrane filtration method and dilution-neutralization method. In case of contact lens care products having weak disinfection efficacy, the number of micro-organisms was not able to count since the colony was aggregated when evaluated by membrane filtration method. However, the number of micro-organisms was able to exactly count when evaluated by dilution-neutralization method. In addition, some commercially available contact lens care products did not meet disinfection standard and especially, their disinfection effect was often weak against Serratia marcescen and Candida albicans. Conclusions: It is concluded that dilution-neutralization method will be useful to evaluate disinfection efficacy since it is possible to count micro-organisms more precisely even with small amount of sample and check the results faster compared with membrane filtration method.

골반저 근실조에서 전기자극 치료와 바이오피드백 병합 치료의 효과

민현주 ( Hyun Ju Min ),변정식 ( Jeong Sik Byeon ),명승재 ( Seung Jae Myung ),양석균 ( Suk Kyun Yang ),윤인자 ( In Ja Yoon ),권오련 ( Oh Ryoun Kwon ),고정은 ( Jung Eun Ko ),손현영 ( Hyun Young Son ),이형준 ( Hyung Joon Lee ),김정선 대한소화기기능성질환·운동학회 2006 Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility (JNM Vol.12 No.2

목적 : 바이오피드백은 골반저 근실조에서 높은 치료 효과를 보이지만 일부 환자는 증상의 호전을 경험하지 못한다. 최근 변실금에서 효과가 알려진 전기자극 치료가 만성변비에서도 효과가 있을 가능성이 제기되고 있다. 저자들은 골반저 근실조에서 전기자극 치료와 바이오피드백 병합 요법의 효과에 대해 알아보고, 이들 치료의 효과에 있어 substance P의 역할에 대해서도 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 골반저 근실조로 진단된 변비 환자를 무작위로 분류하여 EB군은 전기자극 치료 후 바이오피드백을, BE군은 바이오피드백 후 전기자극 치료를 시행하였다. 두 군에 대해 치료 전, 첫 치료 후 및 두 번째 치료 완료 후 증상 및 배변 만족도, 항문직장 내압검사와 직장 점막 조직 생검에서 substance P 면역화학염색 결과 등을 분석하였다. 결과: 40명의 환자가 포함되었으며 EB 군이 20명(21-77세, 남:여=8:12), BE 군이 20명(24-70세, 남:여=7:13)이었고, 치료 전 주관적 증상, 대장통과시간, 항문직장 내압검사와 substance P 발현은 두 군에서 차이가 없었다. EB 군 및 BE 군 모두 각각의 치료 후 배변 만족도 및 증상의 호전을 보였으며, 첫 치료 후 호전율(60% vs. 60%; p=1.000)과 두 번째 치료 완료 후 최종 호전율(85% vs. 80%; p=0.681)에 있어 차이는 없었다. 항문직장 내압검사에서 휴식기 항문괄약근압이 치료 후 감소하는 경향을 보인 이외에 다른 변수의 유의한 변화는 없었다. Substance P의 발현도 두 군 모두에서 치료 전후에 유의한 차이가 없었다. 결론: 전기자극 치료와 바이오피드백은 각각 단독으로 골반저 근실조 환자에서 치료 효과를 보여주었을 뿐 아니라 병합하여 시행했을 때 추가적 증상의 호전을 보여주었다. 따라서, 골반저 근실조 환자에서 전기자극은 표준 치료인 바이오피드백에 반응하지 않거나 충분한 호전을 보이지 않는 경우에 추가함으로써 부가적 치료 효과를 기대할 수 있는 방법으로 생각된다. Background/Aims: Although electrical stimulation therapy (EST) has been tried for treating fecal incontinence, there are only limited reports concerning the application of EST to pelvic floor dyssynergia (PFD). We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of combined EST and biofeedback therapy (BFT) for treating PFD. We also checked the substance P expression in the rectum for evaluating the underlying mechanism. Methods: Constipated patients who were diagnosed with PFD were randomly divided into two groups. In the EB group, the patients first underwent EST and then BFT. In the BE group, BFT was applied first and then EST was performed. In both groups, the measurement the symptoms and performing anorectal manometry and immunohistochemical staining for substance P in the rectal mucosa were done before and after administering therapies. Results: Forty patients were analyzed. The baseline characteristics and substance P expression were not different between the EB and BE groups. The patient`s symptoms were improved after the first and second therapy, and the proportion of improved patients after both therapies did not differ between the two groups. The anorectal manometric parameters with the patient resting anal the sphincter pressure were significantly decreased in the BE group, but, these tended to show decreases in the EB group. The expression of substance P also did not change before and after the therapies. Conclusions: EST alone showed therapeutic efficacy for treating PFD and it produced additional improvement of symptoms when combined with BFT. (Kor J Neurogastroenterol Motil 2006;12:108-116)