n-3 고도 불포화 지방산의 산화억제에 미치는 플라보노이드와 a-토코페롤의 효과 -2. 지질과산화를 촉진시킨 흰 쥐의 체내지질의 산화 억제 효과-

변대석,권미나,홍정화,정동윤,BYUN Dae-Seok,KWON Mi-Na,HONG Jeong-Hwa,JEONG Dong-Yoon 한국수산과학회 1994 한국수산과학회지 Vol.27 No.2

To evalulate the antioxidant effect of flavonoid(+)-catechin on n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in vivo, rats were fed with diets containing $5\%$ corn oil(CO), $5\%$ corn oil and $15\%$ purified fresh fish oil(FO) or peroxidized fish oil(PFO) for 10 days. To accerelate lipid peroxidation, all of them were injected with 60mg phenobarbital(a day per kg body weight), and treated with phorone(diisopropylidene acetone) before the rats were killed. Contents of triglyceride, phospholipid, cholesterol and lipid peroxide and the activities of GOT, GPT in serum and total lipid and cholesterol content in liver of PFO group rats were significantly higher than those of the FO one. Contrary to our expectations, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase and glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px) in liver of the FO group were ]ewer than those of the PFO group. These results might be explained as the results of homeostasis. Even though the hepatic glutathione were depleted, catechin and a-tocopherol inhibited production of lipid peroxide effectively. These results suggested that catechin be considered an antioxidative and hepatoprotective agent.

분석적 모델을 이용한 Floated Field Plate구조가 있는 소자의 시뮬레이션 개선

변대석(Dae-seok Byun),김한수(Han-Soo Kim),최연익(Yearn-Ik Choi),한민구(Min-Koo Han) 대한전기학회 1993 대한전기학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.1993 No.7

SOI 수평형 접합의 항복 전압 향상을 위한 Negative Curvature(NC) 효과

변대석(Dae-Seok Byun),최연익(Yearn-Ik Choi),한민구(Min-Koo Han) 대한전기학회 1993 대한전기학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.1993 No.11

Studies on Anti-aging Action of Garlic, Allium sativum L. (I). Comparative Study of Garlic and Ginseng Components on Anti-aging Action

최진호,변대석,Choi, Jin-Ho,Byun, Dae-Seok 생화학분자생물학회 1986 한국생화학회지 Vol.19 No.2

강장 강정효과가 있는 것으로 구전되고 있는 마늘과 인삼성분의 생체노화억제 작용을 Harman의 유리가설을 중심으로 비교하였다. 마늘의 유효성분인 alliin (S-allyl-L-cysteine sulfoxide)과 ethanol 획분, 그리고 인삼의 중요 약러성분인 사포닌의 효과를 in vitro 및 in vivo 실험을 통하여 조사 비교하였다. 이들 성분들의 항산화활성, 유도기간 및 과산화지질생성억제효과는 각각 EDA (electron donating ability), POV (peroxide value) 및 TBA value로써 비교하였고, 과산화지질생성억제 및 분해작용과 관계가 있는 효소활성은 SOD (superoxide dismutase) 및 peroxidase activity 로써 비교하였다. in vivo 실험에서는 SD rat (male, 200 g) 11마리씩을 1군으로 하여 마늘 및 인삼성분을 매일 1회씩 4주간 경구투여 (p.o.)하여 in vitro와 같은 방법으로 측정하여 생체노화에 미치는 영향을 분석 비교하였다. in vitro에서 마늘의 ethanol 분획과 인삼사포닌은 EDA활성 및 과산화지질 생성초기의 유도기간 등에 의한 항산화활성이 거의 비슷했고, 경시적으로 측정한 TBA value는 초기단계에서는 마늘성분들이 인삼사포닌보다 효과적이였으나 6시간 이후에는 인삼사포닌이 마늘성분들보다 효과적이었다. 따라서 마늘은 속효성인데 반해 안상은 지효성을 나타내고 있었다. in vivo에서 TBA value는 혈액과 뇌에서는 인삼사포닌이, 또 간장에서는 마늘의 alliin이 효과적임을 알 수 있었다. 한편 SOD 및 peroxidase의 활성을 비교하여 보면 간장에서는 마늘성분이 인삼사포닌보다 효과적인 반면 뇌에서는 인삼사포닌이 마늘성분들보다 효과적이었다. This study was designed to compare the inhibitory effects of garlic and ginseng components on lipoperoxide formation in vitro and in vivo, and to correlate with anti-aging effect. To this end, antioxidant activity, induction period and lipoperoxide content were measured by the methods of electron donating ability (EDA), peroxide value (POV) and thiobarbituric acid (TBA) value. Also superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase activities were measured by the pyrogallol autoxidation (${\Delta}A_{420nm}/min$) and initial velocity (${\Delta}A_{436nm}/min$), respectively. Ethanol fraction and ginseng saponin showed a similar trend to the antioxidant activity and induction period in the initial stage of lipid prooxidation in vitro. From the inhibitory effects on lipoperoxide formation by the TBA value, garlic components such as alliin and ethanol fraction were more effective than ginseng saponin in the initial stage, whereas ginseng saponin was more effective than garlic components after six hours. Therefore, it is believed that garlic components are having a immediate effect, whereas ginseng saponin is having a delayed effect. In superoxide dismutase activity of in vivo, garlic components such as alliin and ethanol fraction were more effective than ginseng saponin in liver, whereas ginseng saponin was more effective than garlic components in brain. The peroxidase activity in liver was also 10 times higher than that in brain as superoxide dismutase activity. Accordingly, it is believed that the function of liver also plays an important role in anti-aging action. Also in peroxidase activity of in vivo, saponin was known as major component of ginseng was higher than garlic components in both of liver and brain, suggesting that ginseng saponin is possible to be related to psychopharmacological action. In the inhibitory effects on lipoperoxide formation of in vivo, garlic component was more effective than ginseng saponin in liver, whereas ginseng saponin was more effective than garlic component in blood.

마늘 ( Allium sativum L . ) 의 노화억제작용에 관한 연구 ( 1 ) . 마늘과 인삼성분의 비교연구

최진호,변대석 ( Jin Ho Choi,Dae Seok Byun ) 생화학분자생물학회 1999 BMB Reports Vol.19 No.2

This study was designed to compare the inhibitory effects of garlic and ginseng components on lipoperoxide formation in vitro and in vivo, and to correlate with anti-aging effect. To this end, antioxidant activity, induction period and lipoperoxide content were measured by the methods of electron donating ability (EDA), peroxide value (POV) and thiobarbituric acid (TBA) value. Also superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase activities were measured by the pyrogallol autoxidation (△A_(420㎚)/min) and initial velocity (△A_(436㎚)/min), respectively. Ethanol fraction and ginseng saponin showed a similar trend to the antioxidant activity and induction period in the initial stage of lipid prooxidation in vitro. From the inhibitory effects on lipoperoxide formation by the TBA value, garlic components such as alliin and ethanol fraction were more effective than ginseng saponin in the initial stage, whereas ginseng saponin was more effective than garlic components after six hours. Therefore, it is believed that garlic components are having a immediate effect, whereas ginseng saponin is having a delayed effect. In superoxide dismutase activity of in vivo, garlic components such as alliin and ethanol fraction were more effective than ginseng saponin in liver, whereas ginseng saponin was more effective than garlic components in brain. The peroxidase activity in liver was also 10 times higher than that in brain as superoxide dismutase activity. Accordingly, it is believed that the function of liver also plays an important role in anti-aging action. Also in peroxidase activity of in vivo, saponin was known as major component of ginseng was higher than garlic components in both of liver and brain, suggesting that ginseng saponin is possible to be related to psychopharmacological action. In the inhibitory effects on lipoperoxide formation of in vivo, garlic component was more effective than ginseng saponin in liver, whereas ginseng saponin was more effective than garlic component in blood.

Antioxidant Activity of Different Lipid Extracts from Squid Viscera

정용실,홍정화,변대석,JEONG Yong-Sil,HONG Jeong-Hwa,BYUN Dae-Seok The Korean Society of Fisheries and Aquatic Scienc 1994 한국수산과학회지 Vol.27 No.6

수산 폐기물의 효과적인 이용을 위하여 오징어 내장의 지질을 추출하여 용매를 달리하여 분리한 후 어유에 첨가하여 산화효과를 검토하였다. 오징어 내장의 주요 지방산은 팔미틴산($C_{16:0}$), 올레산($C_{18:1}$), 아이코산펜타엔산($C_{20:5}$), 그리고 도코사헥사엔산($C_{22:6}$)으로 추출용매의 종류에 따라 $64{\sim}71\%$를 차지하였으며 그 중 오메가-3 고도불포화지방산(n-3 PUFA)의 함량이 $41\%$ 이상이었다. 조지질을 정제어유에 각각 $5\%,\;1\%,\;0.5\%$ 첨가하여 $40^{\circ}C$에서 저장하면서 산화억제정도를 검토한 결과 적정농도 ($5\%$) 이하로 첨가할 경우의 효과는 미약한 것으로 나타났다. 헥산 추출물은 조지질이나 사염화탄소-메탄올추출물 보다 산화억제효과가 낮았으며 사염화탄소-메탄올(1 : 1, 1 : 3, 1 :9 v/v)추출물은 극성이 높을 수록 효과가 큰 것으로 미루어 볼 때 극성지질이 산화억제에 중요한 역할을 하는 것으로 추정할 수 있었다. To utilize waste of squid effectively, antioxidant properities of squid viscera were elucidated. Major fatty acids of total lipid, neutral lipid and phospholipid were $C_{16:0},\;C_{18:1}\;and\;C_{20:5},\;C_{22:6}$ and consisted $63{\sim}71\%$ of total fatty acids. Total lipid did not show significant antioxidant activity when added to the fish oil at the concentration below $5.0\%$, Antioxidant activity of hexane extract was lower than total lipid or tetra carbon chloride-methanol($CCl_4-MeOH$) extract. Extracts with $CCl_4-MeOH$ exerted higher antioxidant activity as the methanol ratio was increased, suggesting that polar lipid plays and important role.

Characterization of Partially Purified Lipoxygenase of Mackerel Gill

홍정화,심선엽,변대석,HONG Jeong-Hwa,SHIM Sun-Yup,BYUN Dae-Seok The Korean Society of Fisheries and Aquatic Scienc 1994 한국수산과학회지 Vol.27 No.6

고등어 아가미에서 추출한 리폭시게나아제는 에이코사펜타엔산에 대해서 활성이 가장 높았으며, 그 다음으로 아라키돈산, 리놀산순으로 활성을 나타내었다. 적정 pH는 에이코사펜타엔산, 아라키돈산, 리놀산에 대하여 각각 pH 4.5, 5.0, 4.8이었다. 또한 이 효소는 모든 기질에 대하여 pH 5.5에서 가장 안정하였다. 적정온도는 기질의 종류에 상관없이 $25^{\circ}C$였으며, 리놀산, 아라키돈산의 경우 $8^{\circ}C$에서 열안정성이 가장 높았다. 반면, 에이코사펜타엔산의 경우, $20^{\circ}C$에서 안정성이 가장 높았다. 적정이온강도는 모든 기질에 대하여 0.22M이었다. $Sn^{2+}$, vitamin E, catechin은 1.0mM에서 이 효소의 활성을 완전히 저해시켰다. 이 효소의 분자량은 42,000달톤이었다. Lipoxygenase of mackerel gill exhibited the highest reactivity toward eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) followed by arachidonic acid, linoleic acid. The optimum pH were pH 4.5, 5.0 and 4.8 for EPA, arachidonic acid and linoleic acid, respectively. The enzyme was the most stable at pH 5.5. Optimum temperature was $25^{\circ}C$ for all substrate fatty acids. For linoleic and arachidonic acids the highest thermal stability was observed at $8^{\circ}C$ whereas, for (EPA) at $20^{\circ}C$. Optimum ionic strength was 0.22M, $Sn^{2+}$, vitamin E and catechin completely inhibited the enzyme at the concentration of 1.0mM. Molecular weight of the enzyme was 42,000 dalton.

참가자미 肉蛋白質의 翰燥方法에 따른 營養學的 品質變化

정보영(Bo-Young Jeong),변대석(Dae-Seok Byun),변재형(Jae-Hyeung Pyeun) 한국식품영양과학회 1978 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.7 No.1

蛋白質資源面에서 水産物을 效率的으로 利用하기 위하여 翰燥方法에 따라 참가자미 肉 蛋白質의 營養的 品質에 미치는 影響은 shortened PPDR index값을 求하므로서 檢討하였다.<br/> 참가자미 肉의 構成아미노酸 中에는 glutamic acid, aspartic acid, 그리고 lysine이 全 아미노酸의 약 39%를 차지하였다. 그리고 참가자미 肉 中의 純 蛋白質의 含量은 18.8%이었다.<br/> shortened PPDR index는 凍結翰燥한 참가자미肉이 天日 翰燥한 것에 比하여 높았고 熱風翰燥한 것이 天日翰燥한 것보다도 조금 높은 結果이었다.<br/> 凍結翰燥한 참가자미의 shortened PPDR index는 89로서 다른 陸上動物 蛋白質의 그것에 比하여 大差 없었다. Muscle fillets of flounder, Limanda herzensteini, were sliced into small pieces and dehydrated by the methods of sun drying, hot air drying and vacuum freeze drying, and evaluated for the protein quality by the method of shortened pepsin pancreatin digest residue (SPPDR) index which is the modified method of shortened pepsin digest residue index.<br/> In the analysis of the muscle protein hydrolysates, glutamic acid, aspartic acid and lysine comprised about 39% of the total amino acids of the protein. The content of pure protein in flounder muscle was 18.8%.<br/> The result of nutritional evaluation of the dried muscle protein by the computation of the SPPDR index showed that the freeze dried flounder muscle protein was superior in the nutritional efficiency to the others, sun dried.<br/> The freeze dried flounder muscle protein marked 89 of the SPPDR index number which is quite similar to the muscle protein of terrestrial animal in nutritional quality.

담수어의 지질에 관한 연구 7. 천연 및 양식 뱀장어와 붕장어의 지질성분 비교

최진호,임채환,배태진,변대석,윤태헌,CHOI Jin-Ho,RHIM Chae-Hwan,BAE Tae-Jin,BYUN Dae-Seok,YOON Tai-Heon 한국수산과학회 1985 한국수산과학회지 Vol.18 No.5

양식 뱀장어의 품질을 지질성분면에서 평가하기위하여 천연 및 양식 뱀장어의 지질 조성 및 이들 지질의 구성지방산을 분석${\cdot}$비교하였고, 붕장어의 지질성분과도 비교하였다. 또 양식 뱀장어의 지방산과 사료 지방산을 분석${\cdot}$비교한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 총지질 함량은 양식 뱀장어가 천연 뱀장어 보다는 약간 높은 반면 붕장어 보다 약 2배 정도 높았다. 부위별 지질 함량은 뱀장어는 가식부($27.16{\sim}29.70\%$)가 내장부($5.10{\wim}5.86\%$)보다 훨씬 높았으나 붕장어는 거의 비슷하였다. 2. 천연 및 양식 뱀장어와 붕장어의 지질 조성은 거의 비슷한 경향을 나타내고 있었다. 즉 중성지질이 가장 많고, 인지질, 당지질의 순이었다. 또 부위별 지질 조성은 중성지질은 가식부가 내장부보다. 많은 반면 인지질과 당지질은 내장부가 가식부보다 많았다. 또 중성지질은 TG의 함량이 가장 많았으며 인지질은 PC와 PE가 가장 많았다. 3. 식용으로 이용되는 가식부의 중성지질은 $C_{14:0},\;C_{16:0},\;C_{18:1}$산은 양식 뱀장어가 천연 뱀장어보다 높은 반면 $C_{16:1},\;C_{18:2},\;C_{18:3},\;C_{20:4},\;C_{20:5},\;C_{22:5},\;C_{22:6}$ 산은 천연산이 양식산보다 높았다. 붕장어의 경우는 $C_{18:0},\;C_{20:4},\;C_{22:6}$산이 천연 및 양식 뱀장어에 비해 훨씬 높은 것이 특징적이었다. 또 인지질의 경우는 $C_{18:0},\;C_{18:2}$산이 양식 뱀장어가 천연 뱀장어보다 높은 반면 $C_{16:0},\;C_{16:1},\;C_{18:1},\;C_{18:3},\;C_{20:4},\;C_{20:5},\;C_{22:5},\;C_{22:6}$산은 천연산이 양식산보다 높았다. 4. 중성지질의 불포화도(TUFA/TSFA)는 천연 및 양식 뱀장어와 붕장어 사이에는 차이가 거의 없었지만, 인지질의 경우는 천연 뱀장어가 양식 뱀장어 및붕장어 보다 높았다. 가식부의 필수지방산 함량은 중성지질은 천연산이 양식산보다 3배이상 높았으며, 또 붕장어는 뱀장어보다 훨씬 높았다. 그러나 인지질의 경우에는 필수지방산 함량에 큰 차이가 없었다. 5. 가식부의 W3 고도불포화지방산 함량은 중성지질은 천연 뱀장어가 양식 뱀장어 및 붕장어보다 $2.0{\sim}2.5$배 정도 높았으며 인지질의 경우도 천연 뱀장어가 양식뱀장어 및 붕장어보다 훨씬 높았다. 6. 사료 지방산(B)에 대한 양식 뱀장어의 지방산 (A)의 비(A/B)를 비교하여 보면 linoleic acid ($C_{18:2}\;w6$), linolenic acid ($C_{18:3}\;w3$) 등의 필수지방산과 eicosapentaenoic acid ($C_{20:5}\;w3$), docosahexaenoic acid ($C_{22:6}\;w3$)등의 w3 고도불포화지방산의 A/B비가 $0.23{\sim}0.48$로 아주 낮아, 이들 불포화지방산의 polyene 산의 생합성 및 체성장에 크게 관계할 것으로 판단되었다. This study was designed to compare the lipid components among wild and cultured eel, Anguilla japonica, and conger eel, Astroconger myriaster. The lipid components of cultured eel were analyzed and compared with those of wild and conger eel. In the content of total lipid, the lipid content in cultured eel was slightly higher than that in wild one, but 2 times higher than that in conger eel. The lipid contents in edible portion of wild and cultured eel were 5 times higher than those in viscera, but the lipid content in edible portion of conger eel showed a similar trend to that in viscera. In the fatty acid composition of neutral lipid in edible portion, percentages of $C_{14:0},\;C_{16:0}\;and\;C_{18:1}$ in cultured eel were higher than those in wild one, while percentages of $C_{16:1},\;C_{18:2},\;C_{18:3},\;C_{20:4},\;C_{20:5},\;C_{22:5}\;and\;C_{22:6}$ lower, and percentages of $C_{18:0},\;C_{20:4}\;and\;C_{22:6}$ in conger eel were noticeably higher than those in wild and cultured eels. In the case of phospholipid in edible portion, percentages of $C_{18:0}\;and\;C_{18:2}$ in cultured eel were higher than those in wild one, while percentages of $C_{16:0},\;C_{16:1},\;C_{18:1},\;C_{18:3},\;C_{20:4},\;C_{20:5},\;C_{22:5}\;and\;C_{22:6}$ lower. The unsaturation (TUFA/TSFA) of neutral lipid was no significant difference among wild and cultured eel, and conger eel, but that of phospholipid in wild eel was higher than that in cultured eel and conger eel. The essential fatty acid content(TEFA) of neutral lipid in edible portion of wild eel was 3 times higher than that of cultured one. but the TEFA of phospholipid in edible portion was no significant difference among wild and cultured eels, and conger eel. The w3 highly unsaturated fatty acid content (w3 HUFA) of neutral lipid in edible portion of wild eel was 2.0 to 2.5 times higher than that of cultured eel and conger eel, but the w3 HUFA of phospholipid in edible portion of wild eel was noticeably higher than that of cultured eel and conger eel. In the ratio (A/B) of fatty acid content (A) in cultured eel to that (B) in diet, the A/B ratios of $C_{18:2}\;w6,\;C_{18:3}\;w3,\;C_{20:5}\;w3\;and\;C_{22:6}\;w3$ were 0.23 to 0.48 much lower than the other fatty acid. Consequently, it is considered that the ratios of w3 HUFA is related to the biosynthesis of polyenoic acid and growth rate of cultured eel.

人蔘製品의 品質安定性에 관한 硏究 - 4. 紅蔘, 蔘粉 및 타블렛의 吸濕特性과 適正水分含量基準 設定

최진호(Jin-Ho Choi),변대석(Dae-Seok Byun),박길동(Kil-Dong Park),김무남(Mu-Nam Kim) 한국식품영양과학회 1984 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.13 No.3

人蔘製品의 品質安定性을 究明하기 위하여 紅蔘粉末(RGP) 및 紅蔘타블렛(RGPT)은 吸濕特性을 調査하여 BET方程式에 따라 單分子膜水分含量을 구하여 適正水分含量을 設定하였고, 또 紅蔘(RG)은 初期水分含量을 調整하여 微生物 生育調査에 의하여 適正水分含量을 設定하였으며 製品別 基準水分含量 및 現行 流通水分含量과 比較하였다.<br/> 1. 紅蔘粉末(RGP)은 BET單分膜水分含量이 5.97~7.27%의 범위내에 있으며 基準水分含量(8.0%이하)보다는 0.7~2.0%정도의 낮은 값을 나타내고 있었다. 그러나 現行 流通水分含量(2.310%)보다는 현저한 差異가 있으므로 紅蔘粉末의 適正水分含量을 6.7±0.7%로 設定하는 것이 바람직하다고 생각된다.<br/> 2. 紅蔘타블렛(RGPT)은 BET單分子膜水分含量이 4.73~5.14%의 범위내에 있으므로 基準水分含量(8.0%이하)보다 2.9~3.3%정도 下向調整하여, 紅蔘타블렛의 適正水分含量을 4.9±0.2% 로 設定하는 것이 바람직할 것이다.<br/> 3. 紅蔘의 初期水分含量 調整에 의한 微生物 生育에 대한 虐待條件(40℃, 75%)하에서의 貯藏實驗結果에 따르면 現行 流通水分含量(10.416%)보다 2.5~4.0% 정도 上向調整하여, 紅蔘의 適正水分含量을 14.0±0.5%로 設定함이 바람직할 것으로 생각되었다. As a consecutive work on stability for the quality of ginseng products, the sorption properties of red ginseng (RG), red ginseng powder (RGP), and red ginseng powder tablet (RGPT) were studied in order to set the optimum moisture level for them.<br/> The levels of moisture at BET monolayer of RGP and RGPT ranged 5.97 to 7.27 % and 4.73 to 5.14 % in wet basis, respectively. Based on these values, the optimum moisture content for both of them would preferably be set at 6.7±0.7% and 4.9±0.2%.<br/> From the results of storage study on microorganism growth under the maltreated condition, 40℃, and 75% RH, the optimum level of moisture for RG could be extended up to 14.0±0.5%, which is much higher than the circulating values of 10.416%.