http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
1910년 한반도 산림의 이해: 조선임야분포도의 수치화를 중심으로
배재수,김은숙 한국산림과학회 2019 한국산림과학회지 Vol.108 No.3
The purpose of this study was to analyze and clarify the forest information shown in the Korean Peninsula Forest Distribution Map (KPFDM) printed in 1910. First, the background, process, results, and reliability of the Forest Survey Project (1910), which is the basis of the KPFDM, were evaluated. Next, the information of the KPFDM, preserved as a paper map, was digitized to show forest status and forest type. The results of the analysis can be summarized as follows: Analyzing the Korean peninsula of the 1910 period in terms of the present South and North Korean regions, stocked forests were found to be more widely distributed (73%) in the northern region. The southern region largely consisted of deforested areas, with young-growth trees and unstocked forests making up 80% of all forests there. The northern region had abundant natural forests, with 80% of the forests in Yanggang-do, which currently includes Mt. Baekdu and the Hyesan area, composed of stocked forests. Pinus densiflora was found about 2.7 times more often in the southern region than in the northern region. Large numbers of coniferous trees excluding Pinus densiflora were found in the northern region. In particular, 53% of the forests and 72% of the stocking land in the southern region were composed of Pinus densiflora. 이 연구의 목적은 1910년에 제작된 조선임야분포도의 산림정보를 해석하고 그 의미를 밝히는 데 있다. 이를 위해먼저 조선임야분포도 제작의 바탕이 되는 임적조사의 배경, 추진과정, 결과와 그 신뢰도를 평가하였다. 다음으로 종이 도면으로 남아 있는 조선임야분포도의 정보를 수치화하여 산림상태, 임상 면적 정보를 생산하였다. 분석 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1910년 한반도를 현재의 남한과 북한 지역으로 구분하여 분석할 경우, 북한지역이 성림지의 73%가 분포할 정도로 남한지역보다 좋은 산림을 보유하고 있었다. 당시 남한지역은 치수발생지와 무립목지가 전체 산림의 8할을 차지할 정도로 황폐화된 산림이 많았다. 현재 백두산과 혜산이 포함된 양강도 산림의 8할이 성림지로 구성되어 있을 정도로 우량한 산림을 보유하고 있었다. 소나무는 남한지역이 북한지역보다 약 2.7배 많이 분포하였다. 소나무 이외의 침엽수는 대부분 북한지역에 분포하였다. 특히 남한지역 임야의 53%, 입목지 면적의 72%가 소나무로 구성되어 있었다.
삼림법(1908)의 지적신고제도가 일제의 식민지 임지정책에 미친 영향에 관한 연구
배재수 한국임학회 2001 한국산림과학회지 Vol.90 No.3
The purpose of this study is to examine the roles of the forest-land registry system in the Forest Law of 1908 and the effects this system had on the colonial forest-land policy used in Korea under the influence of Japanese Imperialism. This was started under the Profit-sharing Forest System which was one of the policies for disposing of the Korean national forests. The purpose of this system was to establish forest-land ownership, a fundamental human right. This system was enforced by the Japanese Colonial Government without regard to the customary and important right of Koreans to use the forests, and without considering the distinction between national and private forests. Koreans understood that this system was a warning sign of a tax being imposing on forest-land owners. Furthermore, Koreans thought the Japanese were using this system to deprive them of their forest-land. The strata of Koreans reporting ownership were very limited and included the intellectual(upper-middle) class, higher officials in counties and townships, relatives and relations of these officials, and survey agents. In particular the actual owners could not submit a report registering their land in this system because the required survey cost more than the value of the forest-land. Within the time period specified by the Japanese Colonial Government, about 520,000 registries were reported involving 2.2 million Jung-bo(.9917 hectare) with most of these coming during the last five months of reporting period. Koreans made a reasonable request to extend the deadline, but it was refused. After the reporting period expired there were no follow-up measures such as verification of the reported registrations nor establishment of boundaries between national and private forests. According to Article 19 in the Forest Law of 1908 about 14 million Jung-bo, which was not registered within the reporting period was nationalized. The colonial forest-land policy used in Korea by the Japanese Colonial Government was as follows : ① to create a large number of national forests in the early period of their rule, ② to divide these national forests into indispensible national forests and dispensible national forests, and ③ to transfer ownership of the dispensible national forests to colonial Japanese. To achieve the latter, the occupational government needed a method to insure ownership. They devised a tree-planting scheme in which the national forests classified as disposable were $quot;loaned$quot; and then transferred to these Japanese. The actual Korean owners claimed title to this forest-land and asked for the eviction of the new owners but the Japanese occupation government rejected these suits using the excuse that previous Korean owners did not submit the required registration report within the specified time period. In short the Principle of Forest-land Registry was used as a means to consolidate the forest-lands of Korea and distribute large portions of it to Japanese citizens after seizing it from the rightful Korean owners.