Discourse Marker kunyang in Korean as a Second Language

박혜선 이중언어학회 2012 이중언어학 Vol.49 No.-

본 연구는 중국인 이주노동자의 구어 담화에 나타난담화표지 ‘그냥’의 사용과 발달 양상을 살펴보는 것을 목적으로 한다. 한국어 능력에 따라 상(5), 중(11), 하(12)의 세 그룹으로 나뉜 28명의 중국인 이주노동자와 다섯 명의 상급 중국 유학생과의 인터뷰를 통해 구어 담화를채집하고 이들의 발화에 나타난 담화표지 ‘그냥’의 기능과 의미를 분석하였다. 또한 원어민 비교 자료로 세종말뭉치 중 일상대화 부분을 선택하여54,467단어의 말뭉치를 만들었다 ‘그냥’의 기능은 이정애(2002), 박혜선(2012), 심란희(2011), 그리고 Maschler(1994, 2009)를 참고하여 여덟 범주로분류하였다. 이주노동자들은 한국어 능력이 중급에 도달하기 전까지는 ‘그냥’을 사용하지 못하였다. 고급단계의 학습자들은 중급 학습자에 비해 채우기 기능의‘그냥’은 적게 사용하고 상호작용을 돕는 ‘그냥’을 더 많이 사용하여 언어발달 단계에 따라 ‘그냥’의 기능이 인지기능에서 상호작용기능으로 발달함을 보였다. 한국 거주 기간이 82개월인 고급단계 이주노동자에 비해 거주기간이 42개월인 유학생이 좀 더 유창하게 ‘그냥’을 사용함을 볼 때 비교수(untutored) 언어습득의 한계를 엿볼 수 있다. 한국인 화자와 중국인 학습자의 자료에 나타난 ‘그냥’의 분포의 차이는 자료 수집의 방법과 관련되었을 수도 있다. 따라서 추후 연구에서는 인터뷰가 아닌 자유대화와 같은 다양한 자료 수집을 통해 담화표지의 사용 양상을 살펴볼 필요가 있을 것이다.

Syntax-pragmatics Interface in L2 Learning: The Case of Obligatory Adjuncts in English

박혜선 한국영미어문학회 2008 영미어문학 Vol.- No.87

This paper examines non-native speakers’knowledge of syntax-pragmatics interface rules, focusing on the obligatory adjunct rule developed by Goldberg and Ackerman (2001). The main argument of their analysis is that the short passive, middle, and cognate object constructions need obligatory adjuncts to satisfy the requirement that each utterance should include information focus to be licit. In order to investigate whether learners of L2 English exhibit the knowledge of information focus in identifying obligatory adjuncts, an acceptability judgment questionnaire consisting of 27 pairs of sentences was constructed based on Goldberg and Ackerman. Forty-eight non-native speakers and 12 native speakers were asked to provide their judgments on the acceptability of these sentences on the Likert scale of 1 (very unnatural) to 4 (very natural). The results are the following: 1) overall the native speakers preferred sentences with an adjunct over those without, with some minor variations depending on the verbs and adjuncts involved. 2) among the non-native speakers, the high level group's judgments were more or less consistent with what Goldberg and Ackerman predicted, which is attributed to the influence of formal instruction. 3) both the native and non-native speakers exhibited more categorical judgments on the sentences involving the subcategorization restriction than on those involving the obligatory adjunct rule, a result consistent with the findings of previous research in that native speakers' pragmatic knowledge is more variable than their syntactic knowledge, which may lead to a slower development of pragmatic knowledge in L2 learning.

원발성 담즙성 간경변증 1 예

박혜선,손희정,이옥재,문일환,김성배,유현영,구혜수 대한내과학회 1990 대한내과학회지 Vol.39 No.5

A case of primary biliary cirrhosis was diagnosed in a 51-years-old woman. She complained of generalized weakness for 5years and presented mild hyperbilirubinemia, an increase in serum alkaline phosphatase and serum IgM, positive antimitochondrial antibody test, and compatible histologic findings of fibrosis, inflammatory cell infiiteration, destruction of bile ducts, and incomplete fibrous septal formation on liver biopsy.

Discourse Marker mwe in the Interlanguage of Chinese Learners of Korean

박혜선 경희대학교 언어정보연구소 2012 언어연구 Vol.29 No.1

This study explores the development and use of mwe, a multi-functional discourse marker, in the interlanguage of Chinese learners of L2 Korean. Oral production data elicited from 28 Chinese migrant workers at three proficiency levels and five advanced Chinese students were analyzed focusing on the distribution of mwe in three functional domains, which consist of nine subcategories. A native corpus of about 56,000 words compiled from the Sejong Corpus served as the native baseline. The data analysis revealed the following: 1) Few tokens of mwe were produced by the migrant workers until they reached the advanced level. 2) The nine functions of mwe were used by the advanced learners, mostly as a filler, an uncertainty marker, and an exemplifier. 3) The Chinese students with about half the length of residence of the workers exhibited as diverse uses of mwe as the workers, implying the facilitative role of formal instruction in the acquisition of discourse markers.

제스처 인식을 위한 은닉 마르코프 모델

박혜선,김은이,김항준 대한전자공학회 2006 電子工學會論文誌-CI (Computer and Information) Vol.43 No.1

This paper proposes a novel hidden Markov model (HMM)-based gesture recognition method and applies it to an HCI to control a computer game. The novelty of the proposed method is two-fold: 1) the proposed method uses a continuous streaming of human motion as the input to the HMM, instead of isolated data sequences or pre-segmented sequences of data and 2) the gesture segmentation and recognition are performed simultaneously. The proposed method consists of a single HMM composed of thirteen gesture-specific HMMs that independently recognize certain gestures. It takes a continuous stream of pose symbols as an input, where a pose is composed of coordinates that indicate the face, left hand, and right hand. Whenever a new input pose arrives, the HMM continuously updates its state probabilities, then recognizes a gesture if the probability of a distinctive state exceeds a predefined threshold. To assess the validity of the proposed method, it was applied to a real game, Quake II, and the results demonstrated that the proposed HMM could provide very useful informationto enhance the discrimination between different classes and reduce the computational cost. 본 논문에서는 은닉 마르코프 모델 (HMM: hidden Markov model)을 이용한 제스처 인식 방법을 제안하고, 이를 게임 시스템의 인터페이스로 적용한 사례를 소개한다. 제안된 방법은 다음의 두 가지 특징을 가진다. 첫 번째는 사전에 분할된 데이터 열을 입력으로 사용하는 기존의 방법과는 달리, 제안된 방법은 카메라로부터 입력되는 비디오 스트림을 HMM의 입력으로 사용한다는 것이다. 두 번째는 제안된 HMM은 제스처의 분할과 인식을 동시에 수행한다는 것이다. 제안된 방법에서 사용자의 제스처는 13개의 제스처들을 인식하는 13개의 specific-HMM들을 결합하는 하나의 통합된 HMM을 통해 인식된다. 제안된 HMM은 사용자의 머리와 양손의 2D-위치 좌표로 구성된 포즈 심볼들의 열을 입력받는다. 그리고 새로운 포즈가 입력될 때마다, HMM의 상태 확률 값을 갱신한다. 그때, 만약 특정 상태의 확률 값이 미리 정해둔 임계치보다 큰 경우, 그 특정 상태를 포함하고 있는 제스처로 인식한다. 제안된 방법의 정당성을 입증하기 위하여, 제안된 방법은 Quake II라는 컴퓨터 게임에 적용되었다. 실험결과는 제안된 방법이 높은 인식 정확률과, 계산 시간을 확연하게 감소시킬 수 있었음을 보여주었다.

Verb Copying and Situation Delimiters in Chinese

박혜선,Zhang Lan 대한언어학회 2006 언어학 Vol.14 No.2

Park, Hyeson & Zhang, Lan. 2006. Verb Copying and Situation Delimiters in Chinese. The Linguistic Association of Korea Journal, 14(2), 115-131. Chinese has the verb copying construction, in which a verb is copied after a non-referential/non-specific object in the presence of adverbial elements such as duration and frequency phrases, or the complex stative construction. Several analyses have been proposed for this construction from both formal and functional perspectives. Among the formalists, Yi (1990) proposes that verb copying occurs to assign case to the adverbial, which is an NP in Chinese. In this paper, incorporating Yi's case approach and Wechsler and Lee's (1996) theory on 'situation delimiters', and in comparison with Korean accusative marked adverbials, we propose a new analysis of the verb copying construction. Wechsler and Lee (1996) propose that accusative marked adverbials in Korean are situation delimiters and they get accusative case due to the universal principle, Case Domain Generalization (CDG), which states that the domain of direct case for a predicate may be extended to include a situation delimiter. Contrary to Wechsler & Lee, however, we propose that CDG is not a universal principle; rather, it is parameterized depending on whether multiple accusative case checking is allowed or not in a language. Since Chinese does not allow multiple case checking, verb copying is utilized to license the situation delimiters.

Acquisition of Final Endings by Chinese Learners of L2 Korean

박혜선 한국언어문화교육학회 2010 언어와 문화 Vol.6 No.2

This study examines the use of the final endings by Chinese migrant workers who were learning Korean in a naturalistic setting without formal instruction. Data collected from 31 migrant workers through semi-structured interviews were analyzed focusing on the sentence enders, connectives, and function-converting enders. The developmental pattern observed was compared with that of L1 children and instructed L2 learners reported in Lee et al. (2003) and Seong (2007), respectively. The results revealed the following: 1) the migrant workers’ use of the final endings increased in accordance with their language proficiency. 2) the subjects had a tendency to overrely on a few enders of their own preference, possibly to avoid errors. 3) the migrant workers produced more sentence enders than connectives or adnominal enders, a pattern different from the instructed learners or native speakers. The influence of language learning contexts and the role of formal instruction in language learning are discussed in relation to the observed results.

The Use of Collocations by Chinese Learners of Korean

박혜선 대한언어학회 2007 언어학 Vol.15 No.2

This paper examines the use of collocations by Chinese learners of Korean as an L2. Spoken narrative data collected from 45 learners at three proficiency levels and 15 Korean native speakers were analyzed focusing on S+V, O+V, adverb (ideophones)+V, and noun+hata collocations. The analysis reveals the following: 1) A developmental pattern, though weak, was observed, indicating a positive relationship between the learners' general L2 proficiency and collocation competence, a result inconsistent with what was observed by Howarth (1998) and Bonk (2001). 2) The learners produced S+V collocations more than O+V collocations, while the Korean speakers produced twice as many O+V collocations as S+V collocations. This implies that high frequency of a target structure in the input does not automatically render the target to be noticed and acquired by a learner. 3) The adverb (ideophones) +verb collocations, highly frequent in the Korean language, but rare in Chinese, showed low frequency in the learner data, a result confirming the general observation in L2 research of L1 influence in L2 learning. More research with diverse data collection methods is suggested to better understand how collocations are learned, stored, and used in L2.

Emphatic Constructions in Abstracts by L1 and L2 Writers of English

박혜선 언어과학회 2014 언어과학연구 Vol.0 No.68

This study examines how the notion of emphasis is linguistically realized in English abstracts written by NNS writers as compared to those by NS writers in the discipline of applied linguistics. Four sets of corpora were compiled: abstracts of journal articles published in Korea and the U.S., and master’s thesis abstracts written by postgraduate students in Korea and the U.S.. A taxonomy comprised of lexical categories, focus sensitive particles, and syntactic constructions associated with emphasis was adopted as an analytical scheme. Overall, the NNS abstracts contained more tokens of emphatic constructions but had less variety than the NS abstracts. Constructions with a relatively high frequency in the NNS abstracts were deontic modal verbs, restrictive focus particles, and preposed adverbial phrases, which were used by the NNS writers, either intentionally or unintentionally, as devices to persuade the readers of the significance and credibility of their research albeit rather forcefully than was appropriate. Limitations of the research and suggestions for future research are presented at the close.

Features of English Research Abstracts by Native vs. Non-native Writers

박혜선 언어과학회 2013 언어과학연구 Vol.0 No.65

This paper reports on an exploratory analysis of English research paper abstracts written by Korean scholars in comparison with those written by native English speaking scholars. A corpus consisting of 100 abstracts in the discipline of applied linguistics was analyzed focusing on the rhetorical move structure (introduction, method, result, discussion) and such linguistic structures as tense, voice and modal verbs. The analysis revealed the following characteristics of the abstracts: 1) More than half of the NS and NNS abstracts were lacking one or two of the four moves, indicating that the four moves were considered optional by the writers. 2) The NNS abstracts were longer in length but lower in lexical density and diversity than the NS abstracts. 3) The NS and NNS abstracts were similar in the quantitative distribution of the tenses but different in the qualitative pattern of use, exhibiting the NNS's insufficient control of the functional division of the tenses. 4) The NNS abstracts included a higher number of modals of certainty and strong commitments than the NS abstracts, possibly due to the Korean scholars' lack of L2 facility. Future research on English-Korean paired abstracts may help complement the findings of the current study.