알쯔하이머형 치매에서 SPECT의 특징적 소견에 대한 연구

박청산(Chung San Park) 대한노인정신의학회 1999 노인정신의학 Vol.3 No.2

기능적 신경영상기법의 하나인 SPECT는 알쯔하이머형 치매의 진단 및 병태생리에 대한 연구를 위한 실질적인 도구로 사용될 수 있다. 본 연구는 정도가 심하지 않은 알쯔하이머형 치매 환자에서 반정량적인 SPECT 소견을 연구함으로써, SPECT가 실제로 알쯔하이머형 치매 환자를 조기에 감별하는 유용한 도구로 사용될 수 있는 지를 조사하고자 하였다. 본 연구에서 저자는 14명의 건강한 정상노인과 19명의 정도가 심하지 않은 알쯔하이머형 치매환자 그리고 14명의 혈관성 치매환자의 양측 전두엽, 전 측두엽, 후 측두두정엽 그리고 후두엽의 대뇌피질 영역 등 관심영역에서의 상대적인 혈류지표 소견을 비교하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 SPECT의 혈류지표 소견이 정도가 심하지 않은 알쯔하이머형 치매의 경우 정상 대조군보다 양측 후 측두 두정엽 부위에서 통계적으로 유의하게 저하된 소견을 보여주고 인지기능은 일부 관심영역에서의 혈류 저하와 유의한 상관관계를 보여주었다. 결론적으로 이러한 소견은 SPECT에서의 반정량적인 혈류지표 소견이 알쯔하이머형 치매에서 정도가 심하지 않은 치매 환자군을 정상 성인으로부터 구별할 수 있는 유용한 도구가 될 수 있다는 것을 제시한다. Objectives:Single photon emission computed tomography is a practical modality for the study of physiologic cerebral activity in vivo. So to improve the diagnostic utility of brain single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) in Alzheimer's disease (AD). we evaluated an objective method of differentiating patients and healthy elderly controls using a semiquantitive image analysis protocol. Methods:Supratentorial transaxial perfusion measurements were obtained in frontal, anterior temoral, posterior temporoparietal and occipital cortical areas in both hemispheres, in a baseline population of 14 healthy elderly controls and 19 mild to moderately impaired AD patients as well as 9 cases of vascular dementia. Results:Statistically significant hypoperfusion was noted in both posterior temporoparietal regions of interest in the AD group compared with controls. And also hypoperfusion in left posterior temporoparietal area was found in the vascular dementia group compared with controls. Several correlations between perfusion ratio in some cortical area and MMSE score, BDS score and duration of disease in patients with Alzheimer's dementia. Conclusion:We found that all subjects with AD demostrated flow deficits in temporoparietal cortex bilaterally, and that the cortical-to-cerebellar ratio in bilateral temporoparietal region allowed the differentiation of all patients with AD from both controls and from the patients with vascular dementia. And ratio in specific region showed a correlation with cognitive function, disease severity and duration ing the AD group. Single photon emission computed tomography appears to be useful in the differential diagnosis of dementia and reflects clinical features of the disease.

The Role of Sympathetic Activity in the Early Phase of Liver Regeneration after Partial Hepatectomy

최상현,이중근,박청산,전보권,천연숙,Choi, Sang-Hyun,Lee, Joong-Geun,Park, Chung-San,Chun, Boe-Gwun,Chun, Yeon-Sook The Korean Society of Pharmacology 1990 대한약리학잡지 Vol.26 No.2

This study was undertaken to confirm whether or not the sympathetic nervous system takes part in the liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy. The male Sprague-Dawley rats were pretreated with I.P. injection of guanethidine 25 mg/kg: single dose (G-1); multiple doses once a day for 3 days (G-3), for 5 days (G-5), or for 6 days (G-6). The rats were subjected to partial hepatectomy $(70.4{\pm}1.99%)$ under light anesthesia of diethyl ether. 1) The systolic blood pressure of control rat was $98.0{\pm}3.9\;mmHg$ and was not affected by G-1. But after the pretreatment with G-3, G-5 or G-6, the pressure was markedly decreased by over 25 %. 2) Both of plasma norepinephrine and epinephrine levels showed the marked increases 3 hrs after the hepatectomy. However, the increases are entirely inhibited by G-1 or G-6. 3) All the liver contents of putrescine, spermidine and spermine showed the significant increases 6 hrs after the hepatectomy and were not affected by G-1 or G-6 with the exception of the inhibition of putrescine increase by only G-6. The present results suggest that the sympathetic activation appeared after partial hepatectomy seems not to play an important role in rat liver regeneration. 간-부분절제후 재생과정에서 간 polyamine 대사에 교감신경계가 촉진적으로 간여하는지를 확인하기 위하여 본 실험을 시행하였다. Guanethidine 25mg/kg를 1회 (G-1), 또는 매일 1회씩 3(G-3), 5(G-5) 및 6일간(G-6) 각각 복강내-주사하고, diethyl ether 마취하에서 웅성 백서의 간을 부분$(70.4{\pm}1.99%)$-절제하여, 절제 전후의 혈압, 혈장 catecholamine치 및 간 polyamine 함량의 변동을 검토하여 다음의 성적을 얻었다. 1. 백서 꼬리에서 측정한 정상 수축기 혈압은 $98.0{\pm}3.9mmHg$이며, 이는 G-1에 별 영향을 받지 않았으나, G-3, G-5 및 G-6에 의하여는 25% 이상 현저히 저하되었다. 2. 혈장 norepinephrine 및 epinephrine치는 간-부분절제하고 3시간 후에 각각 $20.38{\pm}2.23pmole/ml$ 및 $56.06\pm4.63pmole/ml$로써 현저한 증가를 보였으며 그 증가율은 G-1 및 G-6에 의하여 80.46% 이상 현저히 억제되었다. 3. 간-부분절제 전의 putrescine, spermidine 및 spermine 함량은 각각 $118.6{\pm}14.1$, $873.8{\pm}27.7$ 및 $875.6{\pm}42.1nmole/g$ wet liver로서 절제후 6시간에 각각 5.5배, 1.5배 및 1.3배 이상 증가되었으며, putrescine의 증가만이 G-6에 의하여 유의하게 억제되었을 뿐 guanethidine-전처치에 별 영향을 받지않았다. 이상의 성적으로 미루어 볼 때, 간-부분절제후 재생과정에서 나타나는 polyamine대사의 촉진현상에 교감신경성 catecholamine들이 직접적으로 중요한 역할을 수행한다고 보기는 어렵다.

Effects of Single and Repeated Electroconvulsive Shock on the Acetylcholine and Polyamine Contents in Temporal Cortex and Decorticated Cerebrum of Mice

최상현,이학회,박청산,전보권,천연숙,Choi, Sang-Hyun,Lee, Hak-Hee,Park, Chung-San,Chun, Boe-Gwun,Chun, Yeon-Sook The Korean Society of Pharmacology 1991 대한약리학잡지 Vol.27 No.1

뇌에 대한 경련성 전기충격(electroconvulsive shock: ECS)을 이용한 치료가 시작된 후, 50여년에 걸처 이의 생물학적 작용에 대한 연구가 있었으나, 이렇다할 결과가 아직 없으며, 특히 뇌의 신경전달물질중 가장 중요한 것으로 인정되는 acetylcholine의 함량이 ECS로 증가되는지 감소되는지 확실치 않다. 더욱이, 대체로 조직의 재생능에 비례하는 함량의 증감을 보이는 polyamine함량이 가장 재생능이 미약한 뇌에 고농도로 있으며 뇌의 국소에 따라서도 그 함량에 큰 차가 있고, 뇌의 polyamine-합성 또한 ECS에 의하여 촉진된다고 하는데, 최근에 Zawia와 Bondy는 polyamine-대사가 뇌-신경의 장기적 적응현상에 관련됨을 제시하였다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 웅성 ICR계 생쥐에 ECS(13mA, 100cps, 1sec)를 단회(1 ECS)-부하하여 나타나는 변동을 검색하고 그 결과를 5회(매일 1회씩 이틀마다 5회: 5 ECS)-부하하여 얻은 것과 비교-검토하였다. 측뇌-피질(temporal cortex: $TC{\acute{x}}$)과 피질을 제거한 대뇌(decorticated cerebrum: dc-CB)의 acetylcholine(ACh)함량이 1 ECS 부하후 각각 10분 및 30분에 79.9 및 49.4% 증가되었으며, 이 증가가 5 ECS 부하시에는 유의하게 감약되었던 바, 특히 TCx에서 더욱 현저하였다. Polyamine의 경우, putrescine함량은 TCx 및 dc-CB에서 1 ECS 및 5 ECS 어느 부하에 의하여도 별 변동을 보이지 않았으나 spermidine(Sd) 및 spermine(Sm)은 1 ECS 후에 다소 감소되었을 뿐 아니라 그 감소의 크기가 5 ECS 후에는 현저히 증폭되었고, 특히 dc-CB에서 더욱 현저하였다. 또한 ECS를 4회-부하하고 24시간 후의 Sd및 Sm 함량은 ACh 함량과 달리 정상치에 비하여 유의하게 낮았으며, 따라서 ECS에 의한 ACh함량-변동에 미치는 Sm(30mg/kg, 복강내주사)의 영향을 관찰하였던 바 별 변화를 볼 수 없었다. 이상의 성적은 반복되는 ECS에 대하여 대뇌의 ACh 및 polyamine대사가 각각 특이적인 적응성 변동을 보임을 시사하는 것으로 사료된다. There are some rather conflicting reports correlating ECS-induced changes of brain acetylcholine, and recently, Zawia and Bondy(1990) proposed the biological role of polyamine system in the long-term adaptive responses of brain to electrical stimulation. This study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of a single or repeated ECS(10mA, 100cps, 1sec; 5 ECS spread out over 9 days) on the brain acetylcholine(ACh) and polyamine contents of male mice. The ACh contents of temporal cortex(TCx) and decorticated cerebrum(dc-CB) were markedly increased by 79.9% and 49.4%, respectively, 10 and 30 min after ECS, and the increases were significantly attenuated with repeated 5 ECS, particularly in dc-CB. The putrescine concentrations of both TCx and dc-CB were little different and not affected by 1 ECS or 5 ECS. But the spermidine(Sd) concentration was higher in dc-CB and spermine(Sm) higher in TCx. While they were moderately decreased after 1 ECS, and their decreases were accentuated after 5 ECS, particularly in dc-CB.Sm(30mg/kg, i.p. inject. 30min before ECS) did not affect the ECS-induced increase of ACh content. Thease results suggest that both of brain ACh and polyamine may be implicated with the long-term adaptive responses to electrical stimulation

알쯔하이머형 치매에서 정신과적 증상과 관련된 SPECT 소견

유승호(Seung Ho Ryu),박청산(Chung San Park) 대한노인정신의학회 2000 노인정신의학 Vol.4 No.1

알쯔하이머형 치매환자의 상당수에서 질병의 경과중에 동반된 우울증상 및 정신병적 증상등의 정신과적 증상들을 경험하며, 이러한 정신병리 현상은 치매 자체로 인한 병태생리의 양상으로 발생할 것으로 생각된다. SPECT와 같은 기능적인 대뇌 영상기법은 이러한 특별한 정신생물학적인 이해를 촉진시킬 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 알쯔하이머형 치매에서의 특정 국소 대뇌혈류의 기능부전과 정신과적 증상과의 관련성에 대한 통합된 이해를 증진시키기 위해 시행되었다. 29명의 알쯔하이머형 치매 환자들을 대상으로 SPECT를 시행하였다. 대상 환자군에서 망상, 우울증상, 환각 및 착각 등 4가지 정신과적 증상을 조사하였고 각각의 증상에 따라 증상이 있는 군과 없는 군으로 나누어 시행한 SPECT 소견을 비교하였다. 결과적으로 우울증상이 있는 군과 우울증상이 없는 군의 경우 그리고 망상이 있는 군과 망상이 없는 군의 경우는 SPECT 검사소견 상 어떤 부위에서도 통계적으로 유의한 혈류의 차이를 보이지 않았다. 환각이 있는 군의 경우는 환각이 없는 군에 비해서 양측 후두엽과 양측 측, 두정엽에서 통계적으로 유의하게 저하된 혈류소견을 보였다. 착각을 보이는 군은 착각을 보이지 않는 군과 비교하였을 때 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 본 연구결과는 일부 정신과적 증상과 국소적인 대뇌혈류 변화와의 관련성을 보여주고 있다. 결론적으로, 이러한 연구를 통해서 향후 치매에서의 다양한 형태의 정신과적인 증상에 대한 전반적 혹은 국소적 대뇌기능부전을 양적으로 측정하고, 예상되는 기저의 신경해부학적인 이해 및 증거를 제시하는데 적용될 수 있을 것으로 생각된다. Objectives : The course of Alzheimer's disease is often complicated by psychiatric symptoms including depression, delusion and hallucination. And these psychiatric symptoms may be due to neuropathological changes of the disease itself. This study examined whether psychiatric symptoms in Alzheimer's disease are associated with cerebral perfusion using single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). Methods : Supratentorial transaxial perfusion measurements were obtained in frontal, anterior temporal, posterior temporoparietal and occipital cortical areas in both hemispheres, in a baseline population of 29 mild to moderately impaired AD patients. We interviewed all the patients and their primary caregivers to assess their current and past psychiatric functioning. To compare the SPECT findings, all the patients were divided into two groups by presence of depression, delusion, hallucination and illusion, of which symptoms were explored separately. Results : The patients with hallucination had hypoperfusion of both the posterior temporoparietal and the occipital regions of interest, compared with scans of the patients without hallucination. And in other symptom profiles, there was no difference in SPECT findings between the patients with symptoms and without symptoms. Conclusion : Psychotic patients with Alzheimer's disease had a pattern of cerebral perfusion deficits, which is different from that of nonpsychotic patients. This finding suggests that specific patterns of cerebral dysfunction probably be related to the specific psychiatric symptoms in Alzheimer's disease.

간-부분절제(肝-部分切除) 후 나타나는 재생과정(再生過程)에서 교감신경계(交感神經系)의 역할(役割)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究)

최상현(Sang-Hyun Choi),이중근(Joong-Geun Lee),박청산(Chung-San Park),전보권(Boe-Gwun Chun),천연숙(Yeon-Sook Chun) 대한약리학회 1990 대한약리학잡지 Vol.26 No.2

This study was undertaken to confirm whether or not the sympathetic nervous system takes part in the liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy. The male Sprague-Dawley rats were pretreated with I.P. injection of guanethidine 25 mg/kg: single dose (G-1); multiple doses once a day for 3 days (G-3), for 5 days (G-5), or for 6 days (G-6). The rats were subjected to partial hepatectomy (70.4 ± 1.99%) under light anesthesia of diethyl ether. 1) The systolic blood pressure of control rat was 98.0 ± 3.9 mmHg and was not affected by G-1. But after the pretreatment with G-3, G-5 or G-6, the pressure was markedly decreased by over 25 %. 2) Both of plasma norepinephrine and epinephrine levels showed the marked increases 3 hrs after the hepatectomy. However, the increases are entirely inhibited by G-1 or G-6. 3) All the liver contents of putrescine, spermidine and spermine showed the significant increases 6 hrs after the hepatectomy and were not affected by G-1 or G-6 with the exception of the inhibition of putrescine increase by only G-6. The present results suggest that the sympathetic activation appeared after partial hepatectomy seems not to play an important role in rat liver regeneration. 간-부분절제후 재생과정에서 간 polyamine 대사에 교감신경계가 촉진적으로 간여하는지를 확인하기 위하여 본 실험을 시행하였다. Guanethidine 25mg/kg를 1회 (G-1), 또는 매일 1회씩 3(G-3), 5(G-5) 및 6일간(G-6) 각각 복강내-주사하고, diethyl ether 마취하에서 웅성 백서의 간을 부분(70.4 ± 1.99%)-절제하여, 절제 전후의 혈압, 혈장 catecholamine치 및 간 polyamine 함량의 변동을 검토하여 다음의 성적을 얻었다. 1. 백서 꼬리에서 측정한 정상 수축기 혈압은 98.0 ± 3.9mmHg이며, 이는 G-1에 별 영향을 받지 않았으나, G-3, G-5 및 G-6에 의하여는 25% 이상 현저히 저하되었다. 2. 혈장 norepinephrine 및 epinephrine치는 간-부분절제하고 3시간 후에 각각 20.38 ± 2.23pmole/ml 및 56.06\pm4.63pmole/ml로써 현저한 증가를 보였으며 그 증가율은 G-1 및 G-6에 의하여 80.46% 이상 현저히 억제되었다. 3. 간-부분절제 전의 putrescine, spermidine 및 spermine 함량은 각각 118.6 ± 14.1, 873.8 ± 27.7 및 875.6 ± 42.1nmole/g wet liver로서 절제후 6시간에 각각 5.5배, 1.5배 및 1.3배 이상 증가되었으며, putrescine의 증가만이 G-6에 의하여 유의하게 억제되었을 뿐 guanethidine-전처치에 별 영향을 받지않았다. 이상의 성적으로 미루어 볼 때, 간-부분절제후 재생과정에서 나타나는 polyamine대사의 촉진현상에 교감신경성 catecholamine들이 직접적으로 중요한 역할을 수행한다고 보기는 어렵다.

경련성 전기충격에 의하여 나타나는 측뇌-피질과 피질을 제외한 대뇌의 Acetylcholine및 Polyamine 함량-변동에 관한 연구

최상현(Sang-Hyun Choi),이학회(Hak-Hee Lee),박청산(Chung-San Park),전보권(Boe-Gwun Chun),천연숙(Yeon-Sook Chun) 대한약리학회 1991 대한약리학잡지 Vol.27 No.1

뇌에 대한 경련성 전기충격(electroconvulsive shock: ECS)을 이용한 치료가 시작된 후, 50여년에 걸처 이의 생물학적 작용에 대한 연구가 있었으나, 이렇다할 결과가 아직 없으며, 특히 뇌의 신경전달물질중 가장 중요한 것으로 인정되는 acetylcholine의 함량이 ECS로 증가되는지 감소되는지 확실치 않다. 더욱이, 대체로 조직의 재생능에 비례하는 함량의 증감을 보이는 polyamine함량이 가장 재생능이 미약한 뇌에 고농도로 있으며 뇌의 국소에 따라서도 그 함량에 큰 차가 있고, 뇌의 polyamine-합성 또한 ECS에 의하여 촉진된다고 하는데, 최근에 Zawia와 Bondy는 polyamine-대사가 뇌-신경의 장기적 적응현상에 관련됨을 제시하였다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 웅성 ICR계 생쥐에 ECS(13mA, 100cps, 1sec)를 단회(1 ECS)-부하하여 나타나는 변동을 검색하고 그 결과를 5회(매일 1회씩 이틀마다 5회: 5 ECS)-부하하여 얻은 것과 비교-검토하였다. 측뇌-피질(temporal cortex: TCx´)과 피질을 제거한 대뇌(decorticated cerebrum: dc-CB)의 acetylcholine(ACh)함량이 1 ECS 부하후 각각 10분 및 30분에 79.9 및 49.4% 증가되었으며, 이 증가가 5 ECS 부하시에는 유의하게 감약되었던 바, 특히 TCx에서 더욱 현저하였다. Polyamine의 경우, putrescine함량은 TCx 및 dc-CB에서 1 ECS 및 5 ECS 어느 부하에 의하여도 별 변동을 보이지 않았으나 spermidine(Sd) 및 spermine(Sm)은 1 ECS 후에 다소 감소되었을 뿐 아니라 그 감소의 크기가 5 ECS 후에는 현저히 증폭되었고, 특히 dc-CB에서 더욱 현저하였다. 또한 ECS를 4회-부하하고 24시간 후의 Sd및 Sm 함량은 ACh 함량과 달리 정상치에 비하여 유의하게 낮았으며, 따라서 ECS에 의한 ACh함량-변동에 미치는 Sm(30mg/kg, 복강내주사)의 영향을 관찰하였던 바 별 변화를 볼 수 없었다. 이상의 성적은 반복되는 ECS에 대하여 대뇌의 ACh 및 polyamine대사가 각각 특이적인 적응성 변동을 보임을 시사하는 것으로 사료된다. There are some rather conflicting reports correlating ECS-induced changes of brain acetylcholine, and recently, Zawia and Bondy(1990) proposed the biological role of polyamine system in the long-term adaptive responses of brain to electrical stimulation. This study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of a single or repeated ECS(10mA, 100cps, 1sec; 5 ECS spread out over 9 days) on the brain acetylcholine(ACh) and polyamine contents of male mice. The ACh contents of temporal cortex(TCx) and decorticated cerebrum(dc-CB) were markedly increased by 79.9% and 49.4%, respectively, 10 and 30 min after ECS, and the increases were significantly attenuated with repeated 5 ECS, particularly in dc-CB. The putrescine concentrations of both TCx and dc-CB were little different and not affected by 1 ECS or 5 ECS. But the spermidine(Sd) concentration was higher in dc-CB and spermine(Sm) higher in TCx. While they were moderately decreased after 1 ECS, and their decreases were accentuated after 5 ECS, particularly in dc-CB.Sm(30mg/kg, i.p. inject. 30min before ECS) did not affect the ECS-induced increase of ACh content. Thease results suggest that both of brain ACh and polyamine may be implicated with the long-term adaptive responses to electrical stimulation

자해흔 청년들에 대한 정신의학적 연구

박청산 건국대학교 의과학연구소 1993 건국의과학학술지 Vol.3 No.-

In this study, the author attempted at an evaluation of the psychiatric characteristics in young adults with scars of self-injury. They were 114male draftees of korean Army, who had been referred to the psychiatric department for a more evaluation clinically. The results were as follows: They have grown in lower educational environment due to the lowest educational level of their parents. They have high rates of first run-away history, first self-injury and criminal history during the period of high school. Most of them and their father have been frequently drinking. The self-injured has been aggression and hostility toward authoritative figure. I suppose that they have been negatively identify with their father. Their motivation for self-injury was mostly anger, depression and heroic spirits. The act of self-injured were mostly gestures for certain secondary gain in the presence of others and for tension relief. They had been unable to discharge directly their aggression and anger toward others, so their aggression turned against themselves. The MMPI indicated indirectly that the self-injured is impulsive and antisocial trends.

Nialamide 및 Lithium이 가토 형중 알콜 농도에 미치는 영향에 관한 실험적 연구

박청산 大韓神經精神醫學會 1975 신경정신의학 Vol.14 No.4

Lithium, a monovalent cation and the lightest alkali metal, was discovered in 1818 by Arfwedson. Since Cade, in 1949, found that lithium carbonate caused sedation in guinea pigs and that it did calm manic patients, numerous studies have indicated that the drug is effective in the control of mania and other psychotic excitement, and also in the prevention of manic depressive episodes. Nialamide, monoamine oxidase inhibitor, is an antidepressant without hepatotoxicity which first introduced in 1959. Thereafter, many investigators established that nialamide was of value in treating patients with depression and chronic alcoholism. Its use as an antidepressant had been greatly reduced around 1962 due to its relative ineffectiveness. It has lately been reported that lithium and several other psychotropic drug elevated the blood alcohol level in rabbits. In view of these reports, the author conducted an animal experiment to investigate the effects of nialamide alone or in combination with lithium, on blood alcohol level in rabbits. Material and Methods 1. The experimental work was done with mature rabbits of both sexes, weighing between 2.0kg and 3.0kg. 2. The experimental animals were divided into 2 groups : control and experimental group. The control group was given alcohol alone and the experimental group was divided into 3 groups : alcohol+nialamide group, alcohol+lithium group, and alcohol+nialamide+lithium group. 3. Nialamide was given orally(in a capsule form) in a dose of 30mg/kg of body weight, daily for 5 days. The last dose of nialamide was given ninety minutes before alcohol administration. 4. Lithium chloride solution, 6.36%, was given, in a dose of 3.0 mEq/kg of body weight, daily for 4 days intravenously. The last does was given 1 hour before alcohol administration. 5. In all groups, 20 vol. % ethanol solution was given, in a dose of 5.0ml/kg of body weight, at a constant rate for 5 minutes, intravenously. 6. All of the blood specimens were obtained by cardiac puncture at 15 and 45 minutes respectively after alcohol administration. 8. The blood alcohol level was determined by Cavett's method. Results 1. Alcohol+Nialamide group : Nialamide significantly elevated the blood alcohol level at 15 minutes and 45 minutes after alcohol administration (P<0.05). 2. Alcohol+Lithium group : Lithium significantly elevated the blood alcohol level at both 15 minutes (P<0.01) and 45 minutes (P<0.05) after alcohol administration. 3. Alcohol+Nialamide+Lithium group : Nialamide in combination with lithium significantly elevated the blood alcohol level at both 15 minutes and 45 minutes after alcohol administration(P<0.01). Conclusions 1. The orally administered nialamide in a dose of 30 mg/kg daily for 5 days, elevated the blood alcohol level in rabbits at 15 minutes and 45 minutes after alcohol administration. 2. The intravenous injection of lithium chloride, in a dose of 3.0 mEq/kg daily for 4 days, elevated significantly the blood alcohol level in rabbits at both 15 minutes and 45 minutes after alcohol administration. 3. The nialamide in combination with lithium chloride elevated significantly the blood alcohol level in rabbits at both 15 minutes and 45 minutes after alcohol administration.

Morphine의 血糖 및 血奬 Corticosterone 增加作用에 미치는 Naloxone과 Dexamethasone의 影響

朴靑山,全普權,申萬鍊 고려대학교 의과대학 1985 고려대 의대 잡지 Vol.22 No.1

There are still considerable debates as to the similarity of opioid receptor and ACTH receptor and the interrelationships between opioid peptides and ACTH in the adrenal sterolidogenesis. To evaluate the interrelationships between opioid peptides and ACTH in the adrenal steroidogenesis and the role of the catecholamines liberated by opioid substances in the above interrelationships, the influences of naloxone and dexamethasone on the changes induced by morphine and ACTH of plasma corticosterone and blood sugar levels and the interactions between morphine and ACTH on those levels were studied in male mice. The results obtained were summarized as follows; 1. The normal plasma corricoscerone was not affected by dexamethasone 5mg/Kg, but markedly increased by morphine 20mg/Kg, naloxone 4mg/Kg, and ACTH 10U/Kg, respectively. 2. The morphine-induced increase of plasma corticosterone level was markedly inhibited by the pre- or post-treatment of naloxone and dexamethasone, respectively, and the inhibitory effect of each of naloxone and dexamethasone was appeared synergistically. 3. The ACTH-induced increase of plasma corticosterone level was moderately inhibited by naloxone pretreatment but not affected by naloxone posttreatment and pre- or post- treatment of dexamethasone, and the inhibitory effect of naloxone was significantly attenuated by dexamethasone. 4. The ACTH-induced increase of plasma corticosterone level was significantly augmented by morphine pretreatment, and the augmented increase of the level was not affected by naloxone, but the increase induced by ACTH followed by morphine of plasma corticosterone level was significantly inhibited by naloxone. 5. The normal blood sugar level was not affected by ACTH 10U/Kg, but markedly increased by morphine 20mg/Kg, naloxone 4mg/Kg and dexamethasone 5mg/Kg, respectively. 6. The morphine-induced increase of blood sugar level was significantly attenuated by each of naloxone and dexamethasone, but not affected by the combined treatment of naloxone and dexamethasone. The above results suggest that the morphine-induced increase of plasma corticosterone level is appeared mainly by its stimulation of hypothalamo-pituitary system and also partly by its interaction with ACTH on the adrenal cortex, that the morphine-induced increases of plasma corticosterone and blood sugar are significanly attenuated by dexamethasone as well as naloxone, and also that it is difficult that the catecholamine liberated by morphine appears a meaningful effect on the morphine-induced increase of plasma corticosterone level.

선택적 세로토닌 재흡수 억제제(Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor, SSRI)가 한국인 알코올의존증 환자의 알코올 갈망행동에 미치는 영향과 성격 유형에 대한 분석

이종섭,박청산,배종훈 건국대학교 의과학연구소 1997 건국의과학학술지 Vol.- No.7