천연수중 구리 및 카드뮴의 화학종 예측

박청길,김은식,Chung Kil Park,Un Sik Kim 대한화학회 1985 대한화학회지 Vol.29 No.6

To predict speciation of copper and cadmium in natural waters, the stability constant of complexes formed between copper or cadmium and natural organic ligands have been determined by the ion selective electrodes at pH 6. The stability constants for copper and cadmium, log $K'_{CuL} = 5.80\;and\;log K'_{CdL}=3.82$, were incorporated inot MINEQL computer program and prediction of chemical species of copper and cadmium in a model fresh water system was made by using this computer program. The natural organic ligands form complex with cupric ions at the concentration of $10^{-6}$ moles/l and with cadmium ions at the concentration of $10^{-5}$ moles/l. This result showed that prediction of chemical species of heavy metals in natural waters was not possible without taking into account the presence of the natural organic ligands. 천연수중에 들어간 구리 및 카드뮴이 천연수중의 각종물질들과 상호작용하여 어떤 화학종으로 존재하게 될 것인가를 예측하기 위하여 금속과의 착화반응에 관한 자료가 아직까지 잘 알려져 있지 않은 천연유기물과 구리 및 카드뮴간의 착화물의 안정도 상수를 측정하였다. 이온 선택성 전극을 사용하여 pH6에서 전위차 적정법으로 구한 천연유기물과 구리 및 카드뮴 간의 착화물의 안정도 상수는 각각 log $K'_{CuL} = 5.80,\;log K'_{CdL}=3.82$였다. 이 값을 MINEQL 컴퓨터 프로그램의 자료에 새로이 넣고 모델 하천수에 대하여 전연유기물의 존재를 고려했을 때와 고려하지 않았을 때의 구리 및 카드뮴의 화학종을 계산하여 비교 검토해 보았다. 천연유기물이 $10^{-6}M$ 정도만 있어도 구리와 착화물을 형성하였으며 카드뮴의 경우는 천연유기물이 $10^{-5}M$ 정도 있으면 착화물을 형성 함으로서 천연유기물이 금속들의 화학종 분포에 상당히 영향을 미치고 있음을 알 수 있다.

한국동해의 용존산소 분포의 특성에 관한 연구

박청길,Park, Chung Kil 한국해양학회 1979 韓國海洋學會誌 Vol.14 No.2

The characteristics of distribution of dissolved oxygen off the east coast of Korea were studied. The oxygen minimum layer was not clearly appeared on the vertical distribution of dissolved oxygen through the year. The dissolved oxygen content of the proper cold water of Japan Sea was 5.1-6.0ml/l which is very higher than those of the North Pacific region, and it means that the speed of transportation of a new and oxygen rich water from surface to deeper layer is relatively fast. Water masses in east coast of Korea can be classified by using of O$\_$2/-Salinity relations.

대한해협의 수온 및 염분의 시간적 변동

박청길,Park, Chung Kil 한국해양학회 1972 韓國海洋學會誌 Vol.7 No.1

The observations of hourly change of salinity and temperature were made in the Korea Strait from August 1968 to July 1969. The largest hourly change of salinity and temperature was shown in August and the smallest in April. The range of hourly change of temperature (5.67-15.75$^{\circ}C$ on the depth of 125m) and salinity (32.1-34.3 on 20m layer) were significantly wide in August. These changes are correlated with the movement of water masses vertically and horizontally caused by changing direction and force of the current.

낙동강 하구 부근의 해양환경 조사 연구

박청길 ( Chung Kil Park ),조규대 ( Kyu Dae Cho ),허성회 ( Sung Hoi Hun ),김삼곤 ( Sam Kon Kim ),조창환 ( Chang Hwan Cho ) 한국어업기술학회 1986 수산해양기술연구 Vol.22 No.4

낙동강 8개보 건설이 부영양화에 미치는 영향과 저감방안

박청길(Chung Kil Park) 한국생태공학회 2016 한국생태공학회지 Vol.5 No.1

As the storage capacity of water is increased by the constraction of the weirs increased residence time of 18 days and decreased dilution rate of 0.054/day. As the specific growth rate of 1.03/day of Microcystis is 20 fold greater than the dilution rate of 0.054/day of weirs promote eutrophication of the Nakdong River. All of the stations was over eutrophication stage except the Sangju station where concentartion of total phosphorus was not exceeded 0.05 mg/L which is the standard of eutrophication stage in a stationary stream. The reduction measures of eutrophication in the Nakdong River are to open the flood gate of weirs and to reduce the concentration of total phosphorus below 0.05 mg/L.

도로변 인접 토양중의 납 , 카드뮴 , 아연 및 구리의 함량분포 특성

박청길(Chung Kil Park),이군자(Goon Ja Lee),유선재(Sun Jae You) 大韓環境工學會 1985 대한환경공학회지 Vol.7 No.1

해수중에서 유처리제 및 유처리제/Bunker-C유 혼합물의 생분해도와 용존산소소비에 관한 연구(II) - 유처리제/Bunker-C유 혼합물의 생분해도와 용존산소소비 -

김광수,박청길,김종구,KIM Gwang-Su,PARK Chung-Kil,KIM Jong-Gu The Korean Society of Fisheries and Aquatic Scienc 1993 한국수산과학회지 Vol.26 No.6

해수중에서 유처리제에 의해 유화${\cdot}$분산된 Bunker-C유의 생분해도와 이로 인해 나타나는 용존산소소비를 연구할 목적으로 국내에서 시판 중인 유처리제 및 국내 연안에 있어 유류오염사고의 주종을 이루고 있는 Bunker-C유에 대한 TOD분석과 원소분석을 행하고, 또한 Bunker-C유/유처리제 혼합물에 대해 천연해수를 이용한 생분해 실험을 행한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 1mg의 Bunker-C유는 3.16mg의 TOD를 나타내는 반면에 1mg의 유처리제는 2.80mg의 TOD값을 나타내었다. 2. Bunker-C유는 $87.3\%$의 탄소와 $11.5\%$의 수소를 함유하였으며, 유처리제는 $76.5\%$의 탄소와 $12.2\%$의 수소를 함유하였다. Bunker-C유와 유처리제 중 어느 시료에서도 질소는 검출되지 않았다. 3. 천연해수 중에서 일정량의 Bunker-C유(4mg/l)에 대하여 유처리제를 $10:1{\sim}10:5$의 혼합비율로 첨가한 Bunker-C유/유처리제 혼합물에 관해서 정리하면, 혼합물의 $BOD_5$는 $0.34{\sim}2.06mg/l$였고 $BOD_{20}$는 $1.05{\sim}5.47mg/l$였다. 또한 혼합비율이 증가함에 따라 혼합물의 BOD는 증가하였다. 혼합물은 생분해도($BOD_5$/TOD)가 $3{\sim}11\%$로서 저율 분해군에 속하였다. 또한 혼합비율이 10:1에서 10:5로 증가함에 따라 혼합물의 생분해도는 $3\%$에서 $11\%$로 증가하였다. 혼합물의 탈산소계수($K_1$)는 $0.072{\sim}0.097/day$였으며, 혼합물의 최종산소요구량($L_o$)은 $1.113mg/l{\sim}6.746mg/l$로서 혼합비율이 증가함에 따라 최종산소요구량도 증가하였다. The biodegradation experiment, the TOD analysis and the element analysis for dispersant, Bunker-C and dispersant/Bunker-C oil mixtures were conducted for the purposes of evaluating the biodegradability of dispersnat/Bunker-C oil mixtures and studying the consumption of dissolved oxygen with relation to biodegradation in the seawater. The results of biodegradation experiment showed the mixtures with $1:10{\sim}5:10$ mix ratios of dispersant to 4mg/l of Bunker-C oil to be $0.34{\sim}2.06mg/l$ of $BOD_5$ and to be $1.05{\sim}5.47mg/l$ of $BOD_{20}$ in natural seawater. The results of TOD analysis showed 1mg of Bunker-C oil to be 3.16mg of TOD. The results of element analysis showed the contents of carbon and hydrogen to be $87.3\%\;and\;11.5\%$ for Bunker-C oil, respectively, but nitrogen element was not detected in Bunker-C oil. The biodegradability of dispersant/Bunker-C oil mixture shown as the ratio of $BOD_5$/TOD was increased from $3\%\;to\;11\%$ as a mix ratio of dispersant to 4mg/l of Bunker-C oil changed from 1:10 to 5:10, and the mixtures were found to belong in the organic matter group of low-biodegradability. The deoxygenation rates($K_1$) and ultimate oxygen demands($L_o$) obtained through the biodegration experiment and Thomas slope method were found to be $0.072{\sim}0.097/day$ and $1.113{\sim}6.746mg/l$ for the mixtures with $1:10{\sim}5:10$ mix ratios of dispersant to 4mg/l of Bunker-C oil, respectively. The ultimate oxygen demand of mixture was increased as a mix ratio of dispersant to Bunker-C oil changed from 1:10 to 10:5. This means that the more dispersants are applied to the sea for Bunker-C oil cleanup, the more decreases the dissolved oxygen level in the seawater.

해수중 유기물 분해와 영양염 재생의 특성에 관한 연구

송교욱,박청길,SONG Kyo-Ouk,PARK Chung-Kil 한국수산과학회 1991 한국수산과학회지 Vol.24 No.5

This study was conducted to determine the decomposition rate constants of organic matter and to evaluate the process of regeneration of inorganic nutrients in coastal and open seawater. The mixture solution of glucose and glutamic acid, and night soil were used as the test organic matter. Oxygen uptake of test solution was observed every day for 5 days for evaluation of decomposition rate constants, and nutrient contents were analyzed every day for 40 days. The decomposition rate constants have been determined by Thomas slope method and compared with the values of each waters. The values of rate constants for open seawater and coastal water containing the mixture of glucose and glutamic acid were 0.23/day and 0.21/day, and those containing night soil 0.23/day and 0.20/day, respectively. The difference of decomposition rate constants between test materials was not found and the valus for each seawater was equal to each other. The nitrification process took place after 22 days for open seawater when night soil was added to the waters.

해수중에서 유처리제 및 유처리제/Bunker-C유 혼합물의 생분해도와 용존산소소비에 관한 연구(I) - 유처리제의 생분해도와 용존산소소비 -

김광수,박청길,유선재,KIM Gwang-Su,PARK Chung-Kil,YOU Sun-Jae 한국수산과학회 1993 한국수산과학회지 Vol.26 No.5

유처리제의 생분해도와 유처리제가 해수중의 용존산소에 미치는 영향을 구명하기 위해서 세 제품의 유처리제(SG, GL, WC)와 비이온 계면활성제(OA-5)에 대한 TOD분석, 원소분석 및 해수중에서의 생분해 실험을 행한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 1mg의 유처리제는 $2.37{\sim}2.80mg$의 TOD, 1mg의 비이온 계면활성제는 2.45mg의 TOD를 나타내었다. 2. 유처리제는 탄소가 $67.6{\sim}76.5\%$, 수소가 $10.2{\sim}12.3\%$였고, 비이온 계면활성제는 탄소가 $65.3\%$, 수소가 $10.3\%$였으며 어느 것에서도 질소는 검출되지 않았다. 3. 유처리제는 생분해시 제품에 따라 다소 차이가 있었으나 1mg의 유처리제가 $0.403{\sim}0.595mg$의 $BOD_5$ 및 $0.703{\sim}0.855mg$의 $BOD_{20}$를 유발하였다. 또한 1mg의 비이온 계면활성제는 0.50mg의 $BOD_5$ 및 0.97mg의 $BOD_{20}$를 나타내었다. 4. 해수중에서 탈산소계수($K_1$)는 유처리제(4.0mg/l)의 경우 $0.121{\sim}0.171/day$, 비이온 계면활성제(2.0mg/l)의 경우 0.181/day로 나타났다. 또한 유처리제 1mg의 최종산소요구량($L_o$)은 $0.789{\sim}0.953mg$로서 계면활성제 1mg의 최종산소요구량 0.956mg과 비슷하였으며, Glucose 1mg의 TOD값 1.07mg에 접근하는 값이었다. 5. 해수 중의 생분해도($BOD_5/TOD$)에 있어서, 유처리제는 $17{\sim}21\%$, 비이온 계면활성제는 약 $20\%$로서 모두 중간 분해군에 속하였다. As the dispersants and the dispersant/oil mixtures are degraded naturally by the microorganisms in the seawater, the consumption of dissolved oxygen may cause marine organisms to be damaged especially in the waters where the dissolved oxygen level is low due to the pollution and the restriction of seawater flow. The biodegradation experiment, the TOD analysis and the element analysis for three dispersants(SG, GL and WC) and a nonionic surfactant(OA-5) were conducted for the purposes of evaluating the biodegradability of dispersants and studying the effect of dispersants on dissolved oxygen in the seawater. The results of biodegradation experiment showed 1mg of dispersants to be equivalent to $0.403{\sim}0.595mg$ of $BOD_5$ and to $0.703{\sim}0.855mg$ of $BOD_{20}$, and 1mg of nonionic surfactant to be equivalent to 0.50mg of $BOD_5$ and to 0.97mg of $BOD_{20}$ in the natural seawater. The results of TOD analysis showed 1mg of dispersants to be $2.37{\sim}2.80mg$ of TOD and 1mg of nonionic surfactant to be 2.45mg of TOD. The results of element analysis showed carbon content and hydrogen content to be $67.6{\sim}76.5\%$ and $10.2{\sim}12.2\%$ for dispersants, and $65.3\%$ and $10.3\%$ for nonionic surfactant, respectively. No nitrogen element was detected in dispersants and a nonionic surfactant. The biodegradability of dispersants shown as the ratio of $BOD_5/TOD$ was found to be in the range of $17{\sim}21\%$, and that of nonionic surfactant was found to be about $20\%$. This means that dispersants and nonionic surfactant belong in the organic matter group of middle-biodegradabilily. The deoxygenation rates($K_1$) and ultimate oxygen demands($L_o$) obtained through the biodegration experiment and Thomas slope method were found to be $0.121{\sim}0.171/day$ and $3.155{\sim}3.810mg/l$ for 4mg/l of dispersants and to be 0.181/day and 1.911mg/l for 2mg/l of nonionic surfactant in the seawater, respectively.

낙동강에서 chlorophyll - a 와 BOD 의 상관관계

신성교,박청길,이수웅 ( Sung Kyo Shin,Chung Kil Park,Su Woong Lee ) 한국물환경학회 1996 한국물환경학회지 Vol.12 No.4

The relationships between chlorophyll-a(Chl.a) and BOD were investigated through culture and degradation study of phytoplankton and field samples to determine the autochthonous BOD caused by the phytoplankton production in the eutrophic waters in the Nakdong River. The correlation coefficients between Chl.a and BOD, and Chl.a and COD were found to be 0.732 and 0.666 respectively. From the results of culture and degradation of phytoplankton in laboratory, the correlation coefficients between Chl.a and BOD were 0.876(mean value), and 0.968 respectively. Therefore, it was possible to express as TBOD = α. chl.a + allochthonous BOD, and to determine the contribution of autochthonous BOD to total BOD in the Nakdong River. It was found that the percentages of autochthonous BOD in total BOD were 51.7, 47.9, 65.2, 30.5 and 52.6 % at Mulgum, Namji, Jukpo, Koryong and Waekwan. The converting factor(α) for the calculation of autochthonous BOD was depended upon the biomass of phytoplankton as well as the activity, which was changed in accordance with waters conditions. It was found to be 0.042, 0.036, 0.047, 0.029 and 0.048 at Mulgum, Namji, Jukpo, Koryong and Waekwan.