국산 $^{18}F$-FDG Auto Sysnthesizer의 수율 향상과 성능 개선

박준형,임기섭,이홍진,정경일,이병철,이인원,Park, Jun-Hyung,Im, Ki-Seop,Lee, Hong-Jin,Jeong, Kyung-Il,Lee, Byung-Chul,Lee, In-Won 대한핵의학기술학회 2009 핵의학 기술 Vol.13 No.3

Purpose: 2-[$^{18}F$]Fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose ([$^{18}F$]FDG) particularly plays as a important role in Positron Emission Tomography (PET) imaging in nuclear medicine. Domestic [$^{18}F$]FDG auto synthesizers are installed in Seoul National University Bundang Hospital (SNUBH) at June 2008, these modules were known that it's synthetic yields were guaranteed in average $45{\pm}5%$ so far. To improve yields and convenience of domestic [$^{18}F$]FDG auto synthesizer, numerous trials in reaction time, base concentration, pressure and temperature were performed to increase [$^{18}F$]FDG yields. Materials and Methods: Several synthetic factors (temperature, time and pressure) and shortcoming were corrected based on many evaporation test. Syringe dispensing of tetra-butylammonium bicarbonate (TBAB) was replaced with micro pipette to prepare tetrabutyl ammonium fluoride salt ([$^{18}F$]TBAF). Troublesome refill of liquid nitrogen every 2 hours which was used to protect vacuum system was changed to charcoal cartridge, base guard filter. To monitor the volume of delivered $[^{18}O]OH_2$ from cyclotron by surveillance camera, we set up the volumetric vial on the cover of the module. In addition to, the recovery vial was added in [$^{18}F$]FDG production system to recover [$^{18}F$]FDG loss due to the leak of valve ($V_{13,14}$) in [$^{18}F$]FDG purification process. Results: When we used micro pipette for adding TBAB ($30\;{\mu}L$ in 12% $H_2O$ in acetonitrile), this quantitative dispensation has enabled to improve $5.5{\pm}1.7%$ residual fluorine-18 activity in fluorine separation cartridge compared to syringe adding. Besides, the synthetic yields of [$^{18}F$]FDG has increased $58{\pm}2.6%$ (n=19), $58{\pm}2.9%$ (n=14), $60%{\pm}2.5%$ (n=17) for 3 months. The life cycle of charcoal cartridge and base vacuum was 3 months prior to filling liquid nitrogen every 2 hours and additional side separator can prevent pump corrosion by organic solvent. After setting of volumetric indicator vial, the operator can easily monitor the total volume of irradiated $[^{18}O]OH_2$ from cyclotron. The recovery vial can be used for the stabilizer when an irregular [$^{18}F$]FDG loss was generated by the leak of valves ($V_{13,14}$). Conclusions: We has optimized appropriate synthetic conditions (temperature, time, pressure) in domestic [$^{18}F$]FDG auto synthesizer. In addition to, the remodeling with several accessories improve yields of domestic [$^{18}F$]FDG auto synthesizer with reliable reproducibility.

자동합성장치를 이용한 [$^{18}F$]Fallypride의 합성

박준형,문병석,이홍진,이효준,이인원,이병철,김상은,Park, Jun-Hyung,Moon, Byung-Seok,Lee, Hong-Jin,Lee, Hyo-Jun,Lee, In-Won,Lee, Byung-Chul,Kim, Sang-Eun 대한핵의학기술학회 2010 핵의학 기술 Vol.14 No.2

$[^{18}F]$Fallypride는 뇌의 도파민(dopamine) $D_2/D_3$ 수용체 (receptor)에 특이적으로 결합하는 길항제(antagonist)로 대뇌피질의 도파민 기능을 규명하기 위하여 많이 사용되어지는 방사성의약품이다. 그동안 발표되어진 자동 합성화 장치를 이용한 [$^{18}F$]Fallypride 합성은 20~30%의 낮은 합성 수율과 33~63 GBq/mmol의 낮은 비방사능이 보고되어졌고, 또, 상대적으로 긴 표지시간과 높은 농도의 base를 사용하기 때문에 다양한 부산물이 생성되어 정제의 어려움이 있어 임상에 사용되기에 한계가 많았었다. 본 연구에서는 다목적 F-18 합성장치인 GE TracerLab $FX_{FN}$ 모듈을 사용하여 base 농도를 최소화할 수 있는 연구를 수행하였고, [$^{18}F$]fallypride 합성에 적용하여 높은 합성수율과 비방사능(specific activity) 및 방사화학적 순도(radiochemical purity)를 합성하는 최적의 조건을 찾을 수 있었다. 이를 바탕으로 $66{\pm}1.4%$ (decay-corrected, n=28)의 높은 합성수율과 HPLC 분리, SPE 정제시간을 포함하여 총 $51{\pm}1.2$분에 빠르게 합성할 수 있었다. 합성 후, 품질관리 테스를 해 본 결과, 방사 화학적 순도는 95%이상, 비방사능은 166~470 $GBq/{\mu}mol$이었다. 본 연구에서 사용된 합성법은 [$^{18}F$]Fallypride를 이용한 dopamine $D_2/D_3$ 연구의 임상적 사용에 도움이 될 것이며, 낮은 농도의 base를 사용한 이 F-18 추출방법은 base에 민감한 전구체의 자동합성 생산에 유용할 것으로 사료된다. Purpose: $[^{18}F]$Fallypride plays an effective radiotracer for the study of dopamine $D_2/D_3$ receptor occupancy, neuropsychiatric disorders and aging in humans. This tracer has the potential for clinical use, but automated labeling efficiency showed low radiochemical yields about 5~20% with relatively long labelling time of fluorine-18. In present study, we describe an improved automatic synthesis of [$^{18}F$]Fallypride using different base concentration for routine clinical use. Materials and Methods: Fully automated synthetic process of [$^{18}F$]Fallypride was perform using the TracerLab $FX_{FN}$ synthesizer under various labeling conditions and tosyl-fallypride was used as a precursor. [$^{18}F$]Fluoride was extracted with various concentration of $K_{2.2.2.}/K_2CO_3$ from $^{18}O$-enriched water trapped on the ion exchange cartridge. After azeotropic drying, the labeling reaction proceeded in $CH_3CN$ at $100^{\circ}C$ for 10 or 30 min. The reaction mixture was purified by reverse phase HPLC and collected organic solution was exchanged by tc-18 Sep-Pak for the clinically available solution. Results: The optimal labeling condition of [$^{18}F$]Fallypride in the automatic production was that 2 mg of tosyl-fallypride in acetonitrile (1 mL) was incubated at $100^{\circ}C$ for 10 min with $K_{2.2.2.}/K_2CO_3$ (11/0.8 mg). [$^{18}F$]Fallypride was obtained with high radiochemical yield about $66{\pm}1.4%$ (decay-corrected, n=28) within $51{\pm}1.2$ min including HPLC purification and solid-phase purification for the final formulation. Conclusion: [$^{18}F$]Fallypride was prepared with a significantly improved radiochemical yield with high specific activity and shorten synthetic time. In addition, this automated procedure provides the high reproducibility with no synthesis failures (n=28).

폐쇄성 수면 무호흡 환자에서 임시 하악 전방 이동 장치를 이용한 치료결과 분석

박준형,오수석,홍종락,김창수,팽준영,Park, Joon-Hyung,Oh, Suseok,Hong, Jongrak,Kim, Chang-Soo,Paeng, Jun-Young 대한악안면성형재건외과학회 2012 Maxillofacial Plastic Reconstructive Surgery Vol.34 No.6

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of temporary mandibular advancement devices (MAD) in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients Methods: 28 patients (male 21, female 7) undergoing temporary mandibular advancement device treatment for OSA were selected from 2011.01. to 2012.02. in the department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery at SamsungMedicalCenter. Treatment efficacy was determined by polysomnography (PSG) at baseline & after MAD delivery. The response group was defined as >50% Apnea-Hypopnea Index (AHI) reduction plus post-MAD AHI <10, and the non-response group was defined as <50% AHI reduction. The lateral cephalogram was analysed including SNA, SNB, UL, MPH, PAS, PASU, and PAST using V-ceph$^{TM}$ (Cybermed, USA). Results: The responsers were 23 patients, and non-responsers were 5 patients. The AHI was significantly reduced with temporary MAD ($8.08{\pm}7.93$) compared with baseline ($28.51{\pm}20.56$) in the response group (n=23). No significant difference was observed between pre MAD and post MAD except SNB on cephalometric analysis. Among 11 patients successfully treated with the temporary device, 9 patients said that using permanent device brings better effect too. Conclusion: These results indicate that the Temporary MAD could not be the only effective tools on OSA but also be used to predict patient's reactivity about permanent appliance treatment. Further studies are warranted to evaluate the relations between temporary MAD and permanent MAD.

Solid Dispersion as a Strategy to Improve Drug Bioavailability

박준형,전명관,조훈,최후균,Park, Jun-Hyung,Chun, Myung-Kwan,Cho, Hoon,Choi, Hoo-Kyun The Korean Society for Biotechnology and Bioengine 2011 KSBB Journal Vol.15 No.6

Solid dispersion is one of well-established pharmaceutical techniques to improve the dissolution and consequent bioavailability of poorly water soluble drugs. It is defined as a dispersion of drug in an inert carrier matrix. Solid dispersions can be classified into three generations according to the carrier used in the system. First and second generations consist of crystalline and amorphous substances, respectively. Third generation carriers are surfactant, mixture of polymer and surfactants, and mixture of polymers. Solid dispersions can be generallyprepared by melting method and solvent method. While melting method requires high temperature to melt carrier and dissolve drug, solvent method utilizes solvent to dissolve the components. The improvement in dissolution through solid dispersions is attributed to reduction in drug particle size, improvement in wettability, and/or formation of amorphous state. The primary characteristics of solid dispersions, the presenceof drug in amorphous state, could be determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), and fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). In spite of the significant improvement in dissolution by solid dispersion technique, some drawbacks have limited the commercial application of solid dispersions. Thus, further studies should be conducted in a direction to improve the congeniality to commercialization.

실감형 설상 스포츠 시뮬레이터 개발을 위한 실측 데이터 이용방법에 대한 연구

박준형(Jun-Hyung Park),윤재홍(Jae-Hong Youn),김은석(Eun-Seok Kim) 인문사회과학기술융합학회 2018 예술인문사회융합멀티미디어논문지 Vol.8 No.3

실감형 시뮬레이션은 사용자에게 몰입된 환경 속에서 현실감을 느끼게 하는 기술로서, 스포츠, 게 임, 엔터테인먼트, 교육, 의료 등 다양한 분야에서 활용되고 있다. 특히 레저와 교육용으로 활용도가 높은 스포츠 시뮬레이션는 사용자의 운동 및 물리조건을 모사하여 최대한 실제와 유사한 환경과 동 기화시키는 연구가 활발하게 진행되고 있다. 본 논문은 스키, 스키점프, 짚라인과 같은 익스트림 스포 츠의 실감형 시뮬레이터 개발을 위해 환경 관련 센서들을 통합한 소형의 이동형 환경 데이터 수집 장치를 개발하고 획득한 데이터를 재현하는 가상현실 시뮬레이션 시스템을 제안한다. 제안 시스템은 익스트림 스포츠와 같은 극한 상황에서 실제 데이터의 수집이 용이하도록 부착하는 위치를 변경할 수 있는 통합형 센서 장치를 이용하여 다양한 상황 데이터를 수집하고, 센서의 움직임에 따른 왜곡 데이터를 보정하여 실제 환경과 유사한 가상 환경을 재현함으로써 사용자에게 흥미와 몰입감을 높이 고, 효과적이고 안전한 훈련을 지원할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. Tangible simulation is a technique for making one feel the reality in immersive environment, and therefore it is used in the various fields such as sports, game, entertainment, education, and medicine. Especially the sports simulation utilized for leisure and education has led to the active researches on the simulation that traces the movement and physical conditions of user and then synchronize it with the environment as real as possible. In this paper, we propose the small portable environmental data acquisition device and the reproduction system of environmental data for developing the tangible extreme sports simulator such as ski, ski jump, and zipline. The proposed system can acquire the various environmental data directly in physical environments using the integrated sensor equipment that is easily detachable depending on the situation. And the system reproduce it in the simulation system through the drift correction of acquired data. It is expected to provide the enhanced interest and immersion for users and to support the effective and safe training by presenting the virtual environment similar to the real world.

댐 EAP 수립시 대피지도 작성을 위한 2차원 모형의 적용성 분석

박준형(Park, Jun Hyung),한건연(Han, Kun Yeun) 한국방재학회 2020 한국방재학회논문집 Vol.20 No.2

최근 발생하는 재난은 그동안 경험하지 못한 유형의 재난으로 발생하고 있으며, 그 강도는 더 강해져 수많은 피해를 야기할 수 있는 극한재난의 형태로 변화하고 있다. 도시 등의 인구밀집지역 주변에 위치한 댐 및 저수지의 붕괴 또한 하류지역에 대규모의 피해를 발생시키는 극한재난으로, 사전에 붕괴로 인한 홍수범람 예상지역을 선정하고 이에 대한 비상대처계획의 수립이 필요하다. 댐 붕괴로 인한 피해를 예방하기 위해 정확한 수리해석을 기반으로 댐 붕괴 홍수파 분석 및 대피지도를 작성하여야만 한다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 기존 비상대처계획 수립시 수리해석의 문제점을 분석하고 2차원 모형을 적용한 대피지도 작성 방법을 제안하고자 한다. 실제 붕괴사례인 경주 산대저수지를 대상으로 하류부 영향분석 및 대피지도 작성을 위한 1, 2차원 수치모형의 적용성을 비교해 보았다. 그 결과 2차원 모형을 통한 하류부 영향분석은 1차원 모형에 비해 도로와 건물 등의 정확한 지형을 반영할 수 있고, 침수심 및 유속분포 등의 다양한 정보를 제공할 수 있다는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 본 연구를 통해 홍수범람 예상지역 선정 및 다양한 정보를 포함한 대피지도 작성 등에 효율적인 방법론을 제시할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. Recent instances of “excessive disasters,” which can be characterized as unprecedented and catastrophic, cause great damage and loss of life. One such incident is dam failure, which significantly affects downstream regions. Therefore, it is imperative to select flood inundation areas and establish EAP in advance. In addition, to prevent possible damage due to dam failure, flood wave analysis and evacuation map should be based on accurate hydraulic analysis. Accordingly, this study highlights the challenges in existing hydraulic analysis and suggests a method of establishing EAP by applying the 2-D model. Further, it compares the applicability of establishing EAP between 1-D and 2-D models using the Sandae reservoir incident, the actual collapse case. Consequently, it found that compared to the 1-D model, flood inundation analysis using the 2-D model can accurately reflect on topography such as roads and buildings and provide a wide range of information such as flood depth and flood velocity distribution. Thus, this study is expected to recommend an efficient method of selecting flood inundation areas and establishing informative EAP.

수확 전 Cu-EDTA의 엽면살포 시기에 따른 ‘홍로’ 사과의 적엽 효과와 과실 품질 향상

박준형(Jun-Hyung Park),임헌규(Heon-Kyu Lim),신현석(Hyun-Suk Shin),손인창(In-Chang Son),김대일(Daeil Kim) 한국원예학회 2010 한국원예학회 학술발표요지 Vol.2010 No.5

새로운 압력 바이오 피드백 기구에 대한 신뢰도 연구

박준형(Park Jun Hyung),허진강(Her Jin Gang),우지혜(Woo Ji Hea) 대한치료과학회 2017 대한치료과학회지 Vol.9 No.1

Objective: The purpose of this experiment is to obtain the reliability of the new pressure biofeedback unit(PBU-1) used in cranio-cervical flexion exercise. Method: The Maximum pressure was measured for 50 persons who satisfied the selection criteria, and reliability between the examiners and reliability between the examiners were obtained by reliability analysis. Results: As a result of measuring the maximum pressure with a conventional pressure biofeedback unit, the correlation coefficient (ICC) between the two instruments was very high at .924. In addition, the interclass correlation coefficient (ICC) value was very high at .963, and the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) value was very high at .959. Conclusion: The newly created pressure biofeedback unit is suitable for use in the neck and has a convenient usability. Also, the correlation coefficient of the new pressure biofeedback unit(PBU-1) is very high, And equipment that can be used for cranio-cervical flexion exercise.

전후 일본 조선사학계의 3.1운동 인식

박준형(Park Jun-hyung) 한국역사연구회 2018 역사와 현실 Vol.- No.108

The year 2018, which marks the 99<SUP>th</SUP> year since the March 1<SUP>st</SUP> movement in Korea, is also the 150<SUP>th</SUP> year since the commencement of the Japanese Meiji reform. Prime Minister Abe of Japan praised the Meiji era in his annual addressing of the nation early this year, and all Japanese governmental agencies as well as local authorities have been celebrating the Meiji legacy through various ceremonial gatherings. A self-reflection of the very period, however, during which Japan invaded Joseon is nowhere to be found in such Japanese celebrations. In the eyes of the Koreans, the 150<SUP>th</SUP> anniversary of the Meiji reforms is an event that could never be celebrated unless the history of invasion and memory of oppression are eliminated from one’s mind entirely. It has already been 70 years since the Korean peninsula was liberated from Japan’s colonial ruling, but Japan’s heartfelt remorse of its criminal acts, or sincere reconciliation between Korea and Japan, are still too far way on the horizon. Hopefully the 100<SUP>th</SUP> anniversary of the Korean March 1<SUP>st</SUP> movement next year would serve as a reminder, as well as an evidence of the empty nature of the Meiji reforms’ 150 years worth of legacy. In Korea, commemoration of the March 1<SUP>st</SUP> movement has continued every year, with big events turning up once in a while every decade. Those commemorations were accompanied by various studies that have built upon each other and accumulated impressively. And most interestingly, the Korean efforts were never alone. After the end of the second World War, Joseon History scholars in Japan also took notice of the significant nature of this very movement. The Joseon people living in Japan, as well as a group of progressive Japanese scholars, led these studies for years, striving to overcome the remnants of Colonialism. They were also always heavily mindful of the fact that they were members of the oppressor state Japan. That must have been very hard upon them philosophically. But at the same time it might have probably driven them to produce works that differentiated themselves from those which were generated by Korean historians, or even exceed them. Primarily examined in this article is how the Post-war Japanese Joseon History scholars have viewed the March 1<SUP>st</SUP> movement. Focus of such examination would be some noteworthy works that emerged around the time of the Movement’s 50<SUP>th</SUP> anniversary, which could also serve as a comparison for how things are going on in the eve of the 100<SUP>th</SUP>. Such comparison should throw us a quintessential question which we could never afford to ignore: what we should really be honoring at this juncture, and how could we properly commemorate the 100<SUP>th</SUP> anniversary of this magnificent historical event.

실시간 도시침수 해석을 위한 2차원 모형의 개발

박준형(Park, Jun Hyung),한건연(Han, Kun Yeun) 대한토목학회 2017 대한토목학회 학술대회 Vol.2017 No.10