Calcium Carbonate and Sodium Chloride for Preventing Dentin Hypersensitivity and Gum Diseases

박용덕,안효광,권하정,김찬호,채상균,김유진,김대경,김왕기,황경숙 대한예방치과학회 2014 International Journal of Clinical Preventive Denti Vol.10 No.2

Objective: The purpose of this study was to test the efficacy and safety of dentifrice containing sodium alginate, fine calcium carbonate and sodium chloride which has effects of reducing dental hypersensitivity and anti-inflammatory effects. Methods: Human dentin specimens obtained from extracted molars were embedded with an acrylic resin and etched with citric acid. The Specimens were stored in phosphate buffered saline buffer before being brushed 1 minute only with test dentifrices. Samples were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. In clinical tests, 41 Korean adults brushed with distributed dentifrice for three month the run-in period of two weeks. The improvements were compared between control and experimental groups using mixtures with sodium alginate, calcium carbonate and sodium chloride in different concentrations. Results: The efficacy of dentin occlusion of dentin tubules rises as Na-alginate and calcium carbonate contents increase. The occlusion efficacy in the experimental dentifrice is 5 times better than the control. Over three-month period, the test group showed 64.4% improvements based on the initial value and 86.5% improvements compared to the control group in the reduction of dentin hypersensitivity (p<0.05). In the gingival index, the test group showed 38.1% improvements based on the initial value and 76.7% improvements compared to the control group (p<0.05). Conclusion: The ingredients of sodium alginate and calcium carbonate to reduce dentin hypersensitivity and sodium chloride and cetylpyridinium chloride to prevent gingivitis were indeed effective in protecting sensitive gingival. No side effects were found throughout the whole body including the oral cavity of the subjects.

Clinical Study on Effects of Dentifrice Containing 0.05% Isopropyl Methylphenol (IPMP) and 0.05% Dipotassium Glycyrrhizinate (GK2) on Gingival Conditions

박용덕,조자원,서우석,박해훈,신승철,Hiroshi Sano,Masaki Kambara 대한예방치과학회 2010 International Journal of Clinical Preventive Denti Vol.6 No.2

Objective: The purpose of this clinical study is to determine the effect of dentifrice containing 0.05% Isopropyl methylphenol (IPMP) and 0.05% Dipotassium glycyrrhizinate (GK2) on improvement of gingivitis related symptoms. Materials and Method: Double blind clinical study was carried out in 120 healthy Korean adults to evaluate the improvement effect of test dentifrices for 3 month. All subjects (range of age: 23-35) were randomly assigned into 4 groups, 1) control (without both IPMP and GK2), 2) 0.05% IPMP/ 0.05% GK2 group, 3) 0.05% IPMP group and 4) 0.05% GK2 group. All subjects were provided with their assigned test dentifrice and soft-bristled toothbrush for home use. Subjects were instructed to brush their teeth for 3 minutes three times daily using only the dentifrice and toothbrush provided. Results: After 3 month test period, IPMP/GK2 group showed statistically significant (p<0.05) reductions for halitosis (17.5%), Plaque index (36.5%), gingival crevicular fluid (34.7%), periodontal pocket depth (13.1%), and Gingival index (16.0%) compared to control group. Conclusion: The dentifrice containing of 0.05% IPMP and 0.05% GK2 showed the most efficient in improving the gingivitis related symptoms. These findings might suggest that a combination of IPMP and GK2 showed a synergistic effect or special mode of action.

인삼이 사혈성빈혈 회복 및 Erythrokinetics에 미치는 영향

박용덕,이인숙,김명선,Park, Yong-Duck,Lee, In-Sook,Kim, Myung-Sun 대한생리학회 1981 대한생리학회지 Vol.15 No.1

For centuries, ginseng has been used for the therapeutic purpose in oriental herb medicine. Several studies have been conducted in the past to evaluate the effect of ginseng on erythropoiesis. However the results were controversial. We therefore attempted in the present studies to evaluate the effect of ginseng on the erythropoietic activity. In one series of experiments, the recovery pattern of peripheral blood(red cell count, hemoglobin content, hematocrit and reticulocyte count) was studied in posthemorrhagic anemic rabbits. After animals were maintained with normal(control group) or 1 gm% ginseng (experimental group) diet for 2 weeks, hemorrhagic anemia was induced by withdrawing blood equivalent to 25% of the total blood volume and then changes in peripheral blood were followed for following 30 days. In other series of experiments, we studied effect of ginseng on erythrokinetics using $^{59}Fe$. $^{59}Fe(10{\sim}40\;{\mu}Ci/animal)$ was injected intravenously after animals were fed with normal (control group) or 1 gm% ginseng(experimental group) diet for 2 weeks. And radioactivities in the blood compartments were measured at appropriate intervals for 15 days. Front these various erythrokinetic parameters were estimated. Results are summarized as follows: 1) Reticulocyte count was higher in the experimental group than in the control group after 2 weeks of administration of experimental diet. During the posthemorrhagic period, the reticulocyte count increased in both the control and experimental groups, but the increase appeared much earlier in the experimental group. 2) The posthemorrhagic recoveries of hematocrit, hemoglobin content and red cell count appeared to be faster in the experimental group as compaired with the control group. 3) The half life$(T_{1/2})$ of $^{59}Fe$ in the plasma was significantly(P<0.05) shorter in the experimental group(82.6 min, N=8) than in the control group(121 min, N=6). Plasma iron turnover (PIT) of the experimental group (1.78 mg/dl/24 hr.) was approximately 4 times greater than that of the control group(0.45 mg/dl/24 hr.). 4) The maximum red cell utilization(RC-U) was 82.1% in the experimental group ana 74.5% in the control group. Red cell iron turnover(RIT) of the experimental group(1.62 mg/dl/24 hr.) was slightly higher than that of the control group(0.35 mg/dl/24 hr). 5) Erythron turnover was significantly(p<0.05) greater in the experimental group(1.27 mg/dl/24 hr.) than in the control group(0.24 mg/dl/24 hr.). Marrow transit time of the experimental group(2.05 days) tended to he faster than that of the control group(2.84 days). These results suggest that the gingseng improves the recovery of posthemorrhagic anemia and stimulates the erythropoiesis in rabbits.

γ-Aminobutyric Acid 및 그 관련물질이 뇌대사에 미치는 영향

박용덕,남숙현 고려대학교 의과대학 1975 고려대 의대 잡지 Vol.12 No.3

This experiment was carried out to investigate systematically how r-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and other related compounds, r-amino-β-hydroxybutyric acid (GABOB) and pyridoxine (B_(6)), effects on metabolism of central nervous system. 120 albino rats were divided ito 2 groups, i.e., in vitro and intraventricular injection groups. Each group was subdivided into 6 groups, i.e., control, GABA, GABOB, B_(6), GABA, with B_(6) and GABOB with B_(6) group. In vitro groups 5mM GABA or GABOB, and 0.1㎎ of B_(6) added into incubation medium, while in intraventricular injection group 0.2㎖ of 0.5M GABA or GABOB and 0.1㎖ of B_(6) (5㎎) were injected into lateral ventricle. The oxygen consumption rate of the slices of cerebral cortex, thalamus, medulla oblongata, cerebellum, and spinal cord in albino rat were determined using the Warburg manometric apparatus supplying 100% oxygen. The results are summarized as follows: 1. GABA increased the oxygen consumption rate of brain more significantly in the intraventricular injcetion group than in vitro group. 2. GABOB decreased the oxygen consumption rate of brain. A significant decrese were seen at medulla oblongata in vitro group and that of cerebral cortex and cerebellum in in the intraventricular injection group. 3. Pyridoxine decreased the oxygen consumption rate of brain stem in vitro group. On the other hand the oxygen consumption rate of cerebral cortex and cerebellum were increased except medulla oblongata in the intraventricular injection group. 4. GABA with B_(6) decreased the oxygen consumption rate of cerebral cortex only in vitro group, whereas increased that in the intraventricular injection group. 5. GABOB with B_(6) decreased the oxygen consumption rate of cerebral cortex, cerebellum and thalamus in vitro group. On the other hand the oxygen consumption rate of cerebral cortex increased in the intraventricular injection group. According to results of the above findings it may be speculated that GABA may be utilized as substrate, while GABOB can not be oxydized in the brain tissue level. However, the effect of B_(6) on the above changes are different in vivo from that in vitro experiment.

Effect of Cadmium on Renal Organic Anion Transport In vitro

박용덕,최장규,박양생,Park, Yong-Duck,Choi, Jang-Kyu,Park, Yang-Saeng The Korean Physiological Society 1988 대한생리학회지 Vol.22 No.1

가토 신피질 절편에서 p-aminohippurate (PAH) 이동에 대한 카드뮴 이온(Cd)의 영향을 조사하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 조직절편과 용액내의 PAH 농도비(S/M PAH)는 용액내에 Cd이 0.1 mM이상 존재할 때에 현저히 감소되었다. PAH influx에 대한 동력학적 분석결과 Cd에 의하여 influx의 최대이동율(즉 $V_{max}$)은 심하게 감소되지만 운반체와 기질간의 친화력(즉 $K_{m}$)에는 변화가 없었으며, 수동적 influx 역시 변화되지 않았다. 신피질조직의 산소 소모율은 1 mM Cd에 의하여 35% 가량 억제되었으며, 신피질 microsome 분획의 Na-K-ATPase 활성도는 Cd 농도가 $10^{-7}M$ 이상일 때 의의있게 억제되었다. 이상의 결과로 미루어 볼 때 신장조직이 카드뮴이온에 직접 노출될 경우 유기음이온의 능동적 이동능이 심하게 저해된다고 사료된다.

공중보건치과의사 복무의향 형태에 대한 치과학생들의 제반요구조건

박용덕 한국보건교육건강증진학회 2007 한국보건교육·건강증진학회 학술대회 발표논문집 Vol.- No.-

에너지 국제협력 추진체계 개편 및 선진화 방안

박용덕,정규재,이호무 에너지경제연구원 2009 에너지경제연구원 수시연구보고서 Vol.- No.-

認知意味論からみる 日本語の「~かかる」「~かける」の意味

박용덕 한국일본어학회 2017 日本語學硏究 Vol.0 No.54

By documenting the semantic features of the Japanese verbs kakaru and kakeru, this study examines the motivation for the meaning expansion of ~kakaru and ~kakeru. The study reveals that a sense of "hinderance" derived from kakaru is accountable for the motivation behind the expansion of the aspect meaning "incompeteness" denoted by ~kakaru and ~kakeru , which, accordingly, results from the conceptual expansion from the dimension of space to that of time. In addition, kakaru and kakeru behave remarkably differently in the way they express the results of behaviors and changes. For example, kakaru may express the sense of "completion" while kakeru does not. These findings may explain the differences between the grammaticalized ~kakaru and ~kakeru 本研究は動詞「かかる」と「かける」の語彙的特徴から出発して、アスペクト的意味を表す「~かかる」と「~かける」の意味拡張の動機付け、及び両者間に意味的相違点が存在する原因を分析した。本研究の主張として、「~かかる」と「~かける」が「未完成」の意味に拡張する動機づけは「かかる」から派生する「制限」の意味にある。そして、「~かかる」と「~かける」が表すアスペクト的意味は空間移動を表す用法から時間的概念に拡張した結果である。また、本動詞「かかる」と「かける」は変化の結果を表す面で相違点が存在する。つまり、「かかる」は変化の結果を含意しているに対し、「かける」は変化の結果を必ずしも含意していない。このような相違点から文法化した「~かかる」と「~かける」が意味的に存在する相違点が説明可能である。

기능성 에어인솔 사용시 사용자 만족감에 미치는 감성 및 생체역학적 연구

박용덕,이희란,박세진 한국감성과학회 2015 춘계학술대회 Vol.2015 No.-

신발과 인솔은 발 건강을 지키는 중요한 수단이다. 발은 발에는 내 외측 종족궁(longitudinal arch)과 횡족궁(transverse arch)이 있으며 정상적인 발의 체중 부하점은 제1 중족골 머리와 제5중족골 머리 그리고 발꿈치 뼈의 바닥면이 이루는 삼각 지점에 이루어져 있다 (Burgess., S et al., 1997). 보행시 신발은 체중의 80% 정도의 부하를 받고 1km를 달리는 동안 1,100번이 넘게 땅을 딛어야 하고, 딱딱한 지면에 매일 10,000번 정도를 부딪치며, 체중을 10,000번 정도 들어 올린다(최홍식., et al., 2004). 최근 들어 신발의 기능성이 인솔의 기능성에 좌우되고 있나 이에 대한 연구 및 개발이 미흡하고 현재 당뇨 및 관절염 등을 보호하기 위해 기능성 인솔이 개발되고 있으나(이창민., A.N. 오연주., 2005), 에이 대한 평가가 미진한 상태이다. 이번에 새롭게 개발된 에어인솔은 압력조절이 가능하며, 이에 대한 사용자에 임상적인 효과가 나타나고 있다. 그러므로 본 연구에서는 새롭게 개발된 에어인솔이 인체에 미치는 영향을 평가하여 몸무게별 적정 인솔압력을 찾아 주는 데 있다.

회원작품 - 채연당(彩演堂)_고운 빛깔이 가회동을 넓게 비추다

박용덕,Park, Yong-Deok 대한건축사협회 2016 建築士 Vol.2016 No.8