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남문,임현섭,배한홍,이봉춘,윤영남,John Hammond,LeslieL.Domier 한국식물병리학회 2013 식물병연구 Vol.19 No.2
To facilitate their spread, plant viruses have developed several methods for dispersal including insect and seed transmission. While insect transmission requires virus stability against insect digestion, seed-transmitted viruses have to overcome barriers to entry into embryos. Bean pod mottle virus (BPMV) is transmitted through seed at levels typically below 0.1%, but co-infection with Soybean mosaic virus (SMV) enhanced the seed transmission rate of BPMV in one experiment. In contrast, the rate of SMV seed transmission was not affected by BPMV co-infection. In a second preliminary study, the rate of SMV transmission was lower in an isoline of Williams 82 that contained a null mutation for the Kunitz trypsin inhibitor gene than in Williams 82. In this preliminary study, we observed that factors such as protease inhibitor expression and dual infection may affect the frequency of seed transmission of BPMV and SMV.
남문,고세리,김성욱,Leslie L. Domier,전재흥,Su-Heon Lee,Andrew F. Bent,문제선 한국분자세포생물학회 2011 Molecules and cells Vol.32 No.5
Most Arabidopsis ecotypes display tolerance to the To-bacco ringspot virus (TRSV), but a subset of Arabidopsis ecotypes, including Estland (Est), develop lethal systemic necrosis (LSN), which differs from the localized hypersensitive responses (HRs) or systemic acquired resistance (SAR) characteristic of incompatible reactions. Neither viral replication nor the systemic movement of TRSV was restricted in tolerant or sensitive Arabidopsis ecotypes; therefore, the LSN phenotype shown in the sensitive ecotypes might not be due to viral accumulation. In the present study, we identified the Est TTR1 gene (tolerance to Tobacco ringspot virus 1) encoding a TIR-NBS-LRR protein that controls the ecotype-dependent tolerant/sensitive phenotypes by a map-based cloning method. The tolerant Col-0 ecotype Arabidopsis transformed with the sensitive Est TTR1 allele developed an LSN phenotype upon TRSV infection, suggesting that the Est TTR1 allele is dominant over the tolerant ttr1 allele of Col-0. Multiple sequence alignments of 10 tolerant ecotypes from those of eight sensitive ecotypes showed that 10 LRR amino acid polymorphisms were consistently distributed across the TTR1/ttr1 alleles. Site-directed mutagenesis of these amino acids in the LRR region revealed that two sites, L956S and K1124Q, completely abolished the LSN phenotype. VIGS study revealed that TTR1 is dependent on SGT1, rather than EDS1. The LSN phenotype by TTR1 was shown to be transferred to Nicotiana benthamiana, demonstrating functional conservation of TTR1 across plant families, which are involved in SGT-dependent de-fense responses, rather than EDS1-dependent signaling pathways.
남문,이영훈,박충열,이민아,배양수,임승모,이중환,문재선,이수헌 한국식물병리학회 2015 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.31 No.1
Garlic generally becomes coinfected with several typesof viruses belonging to the Potyvirus, Carlavirus, and Allexivirusgenera. These viruses produce characteristicallysimilar symptoms, they cannot be easily identified byelectron microscopy (EM) or immunological detectionmethods, and they are currently widespread around theworld, thereby affecting crop yields and crop qualityadversely. For the early and reliable detection of garlicviruses, virus-specific sets of primers, including speciesspecificand genus-specific primers were designed. Toeffectively detect the twelve different types of garlicviruses, primer mixtures were tested and divided intotwo independent sets for multiplex polymerase chainreaction (PCR). The multiplex PCR assays were ableto detect specific targets up to the similar dilution serieswith monoplex reverse transcription (RT)-PCR. Seventy-two field samples collected by the GyeongbukAgricultural Technology Administration were analyzedby multiplex RT-PCR. All seventy two samples wereinfected with at least one virus, and the coinfection ratewas 78%. We conclude that the simultaneous detectionsystem developed in this study can effectively detectand differentiate mixed viral infections in garlic.
남문,이수헌,김정선,임승모,박정열,김정규,최홍수,임현섭,문제선 한국식물병리학회 2014 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.30 No.1
A large-scale oligonucleotide (LSON) chip was developedfor the detection of the plant viruses with known geneticinformation. The LSON chip contains two sets of 3,978probes for 538 species of targets including plant viruses,satellite RNAs and viroids. A hundred forty thousand probes,consisting of isolate-, species- and genus-specific probesrespectively, are designed from 20,000 of independentnucleotide sequence of plant viruses. Based on the economicimportance, the amount of genome information, and thenumber of strains and/or isolates, one to fifty-one probesfor each target virus are selected and spotted on the chip. The standard and field samples for the analysis of theLSON chip have been prepared and tested by RT-PCR. The probe’s specific and/or nonspecific reaction patternsby LSON chip allow us to diagnose the unidentified viruses. Thus, the LSON chip in this study could be highlyuseful for the detection of unexpected plant viruses, themonitoring of emerging viruses and the fluctuation ofthe population of major viruses in each plant.