지방교육재정분권의 현황과 과제

나민주(Rah Minjoo) 한국교육재정경제학회 2018 교육재정경제연구 Vol.27 No.1

In this article, the concept of local education finance decentralization was summarized, and the present situation was briefly reviewed in terms of revenue and expenditure, and the future task for decentralization of local education was proposed. Fiscal decentralization is a key factor for the development of the local education autonomy, which requires the delegation of authority and financial resources, the improvement of local autonomy, and the corresponding accountability. In Korea, the local education finance shows the characteristics of the dependency of transferring resources and the unstable revenue structure in terms of revenue decentralization. And in terms of expenditure decentralization, there is excessive central government control and fiscal expenditure for national projects, and fiscal autonomy is weak. In order to strengthen the decentralization of local education finances, it is necessary to secure stable financial resources for the development of local education, to secure its own resources, to simplify the tax structure and to secure taxation autonomy. In order to strengthen the decentralization of expenditure, it is required to guarantee the participation in decision-making of related policies and regulations, the autonomy of financial management, and the strengthening of local education autonomy. In order to secure accountability, it is necessary to expand cooperative governance and enhance financial management capacity.

교장공모제의 공모교장 직무수행에 대한 효과 분석

나민주(Rah Min-Joo),이차영(Lee Cha-Young),박상완(Park Sang-Wan),김민희(Kim Min-Hee),박수정(Park Soo-Jung) 한국교육행정학회 2009 敎育行政學硏究 Vol.27 No.3

지방교육자치 발전을 위한 교육재정의 역할과 과제

나민주(Rah, Minjoo) 한국교육재정경제학회 2021 敎育財政 經濟硏究 Vol.30 No.3

이 논문에서는 지방교육자치 발전을 위한 교육재정의 역할과 과제를 탐색하였다. 이를 위해서 먼저 지방교육자치의 동향과 교육재정의 역할 및 운영방향을 정책과 제도 변화, 그리고 관련문헌을 중심으로 정리하였다. 교육재정은 지방교육자치를 실현하기 위한 전제조건이고, 지방교육자치의 발전을 위한 필요조건이다. 재정권은 조직권, 인사권과 더불어 자치권의 핵심요소이다. 자주적인 재정권은 지역주민에 대한 공공서비스의 규모와 수준을 결정하는 요소로서 지역발전을 위해서는 필요재원이 반드시 확보되어 적절하게 운영되어야 한다. 지방자치가 강화되고 재정분권이 확대되면서 재정의 건전성과 책무성에 대한 관심도 높아져왔다. 다음으로 이 글에서는 교육재정의 확보와 배분 측면에서 안정성, 적정성, 공평성, 그리고 교육재정의 운영과 평가 측면에서 자율성, 효율성, 건전성 및 책무성을 중심으로 지방교육자치 발전을 위한 교육재정의 과제를 제시하였다. In this paper, the role and tasks of education finance for the development of local education autonomy were explored. To this end, the trend of local education autonomy and the role and operation direction of education finance were summarized focusing on policy and system changes and related literature. Education finance is a prerequisite for realizing local education autonomy and a necessary condition for the development of local educational autonomy. Financial power is a key element of autonomy, along with organizational and personnel rights. Independent fiscal authority is a factor that determines the scale and level of public services to local residents, and necessary financial resources must be secured and operated appropriately for regional development. As local autonomy has been strengthened and fiscal decentralization has expanded, interest in fiscal soundness and accountability has also increased. Next, educational finance tasks for the development of local education autonomy were presented focusing on stability, appropriateness, fairness in terms of securing and distributing education finance, and autonomy, efficiency, soundness and accountability in terms of operation and evaluation of education finance.

DEA를 활용한 대학교육의 효율성 국제 비교

나민주(Rah Min-Joo),김민희(Kim Min-Hee) 한국교육재정경제학회 2005 敎育財政 經濟硏究 Vol.14 No.2

이 연구는 비영리 조직의 상대적 효율성을 측정ㆍ분석하는 통계기법으로 최근 관심을 모으고 있는 DEA를 활용하여 대학교육의 효율성을 국제적으로 비교 분석하는 데 목적이 있다. 이를 위해서 6개의 투입변수와 5개의 산출변수로 종합, 종합교육, 종합연구, 축약, 축약교육, 축약연구 등의 6가지 변수모형을 설정하고, 이를 다시 투입최소화와 산출극대화로 구분하여 총 12가지 효율성 분석모형을 설정하였다. OECD 15개 국가를 대상으로 변동규모수익을 가정하여 DEA 효율치를 산출하였고, 국가별 참조횟수를 분석하여 효율적인 국가를 확인하였으며, 잠재적인 개선가능치를 산출하여 비효율요인을 탐색하였다. 분석모형별로 국가별 효율치에 상당한 차이가 보였으나, 우리 나라의 대학교육의 효율성은 매우 높은 것으로 나타났다. 한국은 모든 분석모형에서 효율성이 100%로 분석되었고, 투입최소화 조건하에서 가장 많은 참조횟수를 보였다. 산출극대화 조건하에서는 영국의 총참조횟수가 가장 높게 나타났다. 분석 결과가 우리 대학정책에 주는 시사점도 제시하였다. The purpose of this study is to compare and analyze the efficiency of higher education worldwide using DEA(Data Envelopment Analysis), which is currently paid attention to as a tool for measuring and analyzing the relative efficiency of non-profit organizations. For this work, six variable models- Comprehensive model, Comprehensive Education model, Comprehensive Research model, Contraction model, Contraction Education model, Contraction Research model- were established with six input variables and five output variables. Then, Input minimization and Output maximization were applied to these six variables models, which led to twelve efficiency analysis models in total. Presupposing VRS(Variable Return to Scale), DEA efficiency value of fifteen OECD countries were evaluated and analyzing the number of reference for each country, the efficient country was identified. Evaluating the potential improvement-possibility value, the inefficient factor was also investigated. The efficiency values of each country was very different by the different analysis models. However, the efficiency of Korean higher education appeared to be quite high.

학교운영위원회 제도와 법령 : 추이와 동향

나민주(Rah Minjoo) 교육비평 2021 교육비평 Vol.- No.47

일반고등학교의 상대적 효율성 분석

나민주(Rah, Minjoo),김민희(Kim, Minhee) 한국교육재정경제학회 2013 敎育財政 經濟硏究 Vol.22 No.2

이 연구에서는 대학진학관련 교육성과를 중심으로 전국 일반고등학교의 상대적 효율성을 분석하는 데 목적을 두고, 에듀데이터(EDuData)를 활용하여 DEA 및 토빗분석을 실시하였다. 분석결과, 일반고간 효율성에 상당한 차이가 있었다. 일반고의 비효율성을 개선하기 위해서 모든 투입 및 산출 변수들을 조절할 필요가 있으나, 투입변수 중에서는 비정규직 교원비율과 총세출 대비 장학금 비율을, 산출변수 중에서는 수학능력시험 수학과목과 4년제 대학진학 비율을 우선적으로 개선할 필요가 있다. 한편, 학교특성변인과 정책변인의 효율성에 대한 영향력은 크게 나타나지 않았고, 평준화 지역보다는 비평준화 지역의 일반고가 효율성이 더 높았다. 일반고의 효율성 제고를 위해서는 학교차원의 적극적인 운영전략의 수립ㆍ시행이 필요하고, 학교의 효율성과 교육역량을 반영하는 방향으로 학교평가제도를 개선할 필요가 있다. 나아가 고등학교의 효율성 분석모형을 더욱 정교화하고, 국가차원에서 학교ㆍ교원ㆍ학생 관련자료를 좀더 포괄적이고 체계적으로 수집ㆍ제공해야 할 것이다. The purpose of this study was to analyze school-based relative efficiency with the application of diverse input variables and output variables focusing on educational outcomes among general high schools nationwide. DEA and Tobit Analysis were carried out by utilizing EDuData. As a result of analysis, it was indicated that there is considerable difference in school-based efficiency. There is a need of regulating all of input and output variables in order to improve inefficiency of general high schools. However, Seeing value available for improvement by variable, it was indicated to be necessary preferentially for improving ratio of temporary teachers, and scholarship ratio compared to total annual expenditure as input variables, and math subject in scholastic ability test, and ratio of 4-year university entrance as output variables. Also, the influence of school-characteristic variable and policy variable wasn't indicated to be big. The general high school in leveled region was indicated to have higher efficiency than non-levelled region. To increase educational outcomes related to university entrance based on these findings, it was suggested the necessity for establishing and enforcing a positive operating strategy, improving school assessment system and elaborating a model of analyzing relative efficiency of high school in the direction of reflecting educational competency in school as the school dimension and for collecting and offering data related to schools, teachers, and students more systematically as the national dimension.

서울대는 법인화 이후 무엇이 변화되었나? 내부 구성원의 인식과 경험 탐색적 분석

나민주(Min-Joo Rah),김진영(Jin-Yeong Kim) 한국콘텐츠학회 2020 한국콘텐츠학회논문지 Vol.20 No.12

이 연구의 목적은 서울대 내부 구성원의 인식과 경험을 중심으로 법인화 이후 서울대가 무엇이 변화되었는지를 탐색적으로 분석하는 것이다. 이를 위해 서울대 내부 구성원인, 교수, 직원, 학생을 대상으로 반구조화된 면담을 실시하였다. 면담결과는 서울대 법인화에 대한 전반적 평가, 법인화에 따른 긍정적 및 부정적 변화, 교육, 연구, 사회공헌, 그리고 운영체제 측면에서 변화로 구분하여 제시하였다. 전반적으로 볼 때, 법인화 이후의 변화에 대해 서울대 내부 구성원들은 변화를 체감하기 어렵거나 변화가 별로 없다는 공통적인 인식을 보였다. 긍정적 변화로는 대학 재정의 확대와 운영의 자율성 확대, 환경변화에 대한 대응력 향상을, 부정적 변화로는 서울대의 법적 지위 모호, 대학 외부로부터의 직접적이고 공격적인 영향력의 과도한 증가를 언급하였다. 마지막 부분에서는 주요 결과를 정리하면서, 그 의미와 시사점에 관해 논의하였다. The purpose of this study is to explore and analyze what has changed in Seoul National University (SNU) since its incorporation, focusing on the perceptions and experiences of its internal members. To this end, semi-structured interviews were conducted with members of SNU, professors, staff, and students. The interview results were presented by categorizing them into changes in the overall evaluation of the incorporation, positive and negative changes, education, research, social contribution, and operating system. Overall, with regard to the changes after incorporation, the members of SNU showed a common perception that it was difficult to feel the change or that there was little change. As for positive changes, they mentioned the expansion of university finances, increased autonomy in operation, and improved responsiveness to environmental changes. As for negative changes, they mentioned the ambiguity of SNUs legal status, and the excessive increase of direct and aggressive influence from outside. In the last part, the main findings were summarized and their meaning and implications were discussed.

대학재정배분의 쟁점과 방향

나민주(Rah Minjoo) 한국교육재정경제학회 2009 교육재정경제연구 Vol.18 No.3

This study reviewed the literatures on resource allocation for higher education, rearranged points of issue, and suggested some long-term measures for improving Korean higher education finance system. Since the mid-1990s as Korean government began to launch full-fledged higher education finance policies, policy reports diagnose problems and propose alternative plans from diverse perspectives. Many proposals have already been reflected in government policies, but not a few of them still remains in dispute. This paper analyzed issues such as formula funding, funding for individuals, funding for private universities, and ideology and values of allocation policy, and also made suggestions such as redefining the role of government in higher education finance, settlement of formula funding, continued expansion of individual support, securing the stability of resource allocation, and greater responsibility in resource utilization.

한국 교육재정의 구조와 특징 : 국제 비교의 관점

나민주(Rah Min-Joo) 한국비교교육학회 2007 比較敎育硏究 Vol.17 No.1

  이 글은 국제 비교 자료를 통해서 한국 교육재정의 구조와 특징을 분석하는 데 목적이 있다. 이를 위해서 교육재정의 구조를 분석하기 위한 개념적인 틀을 설정하고, OECD 교육지표를 활용하여 투입·분담·배분·지출의 측면에서 교육재정의 구조를 비교·분석하였고, 분석 결과를 바탕으로 한국 교육재정의 특징과 교육재정의 발전방향에 관해 논의하였다. 한국의 교육재정은 저투자, 높은 사부담, 초ㆍ중등교육에 대한 우선 투자, 높은 자본적 지출 등의 특징을 보여주었다.   The purpose of this study is to analyse the structure and characteristics of Korean education finance from international perspective. The study consists of three parts. First, the conceptual framework was set up to analyse the structure of education finance. Second, the input, allocation, distribution, and expenditure aspects of education finance was analysed by the mean, maximum, and minimum value in OECD countries, and the indicators of Finland, Japan, UK, USA, and Korea were compared for benchmarking. Third, the characteristics of Korean education finance were discussed and the prospects and tasks for development of Korean education finance system were explored. Korean education finance was characterized by low investment, high private responsibility, priority on elementary and secondary level of education, and high capital expenditure.

국립대 재정운영의 효율성 평가

나민주(Rah Min-Joo) 한국교육재정경제학회 2004 교육재정경제연구 Vol.13 No.2

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of public university finance in Korea, using Data Envelopment Analysis. Reviewing related literatures, the concept of efficiency and the applicability of DEA were investigated thoroughly. Four evaluating models were established which included Education model, Research model, Integration model A, and Integration model B. The manpower input variables were composed of FTE student per professor, FTE student per staff, and ratio of graduate students, and the material input variables were composed of expenditure per student, percentage of personal expense, and percentage of scholarship. While the education-related outputs consisted of employment rate and survival rate of undergraduate, the research outputs consisted of research income per professor and journal articles per professor. 13 national universities and 16 private universities were sampled which offered doctorial courses and had more than 7,000 FTE enrollment. 100% efficient DMUs, mean efficiency scores, and frequency of quotation in reference sets were analyzed and t-test were conducted between national universities and private ones. There was no statistical evidence that the national universities were inefficient performers.