Molecular Mechanism of the Protective Effect of Zerumbone on Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammation of THP-1 Cell-Derived Macrophages

김 민 주,윤정미 한국식품영양과학회 2019 Journal of medicinal food Vol.22 No.1

Unregulated inflammatory responses lead to massive production of macrophages-activating inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, which may induce diabetes, cancer, and atherosclerosis. Macrophages differentiated from human monocyte (THP-1) have been extensively used in in vitro inflammation models in recent studies. Zerumbone is a major component of the essential oil of Zingiber zerumbet Smith, a type of wild ginger. In this study, we investigated the effects of zerumbone on the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and its underlying mechanistic regulation in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated inflammation of THP-1 cell-derived macrophages. Nuclear factor (NF)-κB and toll-like receptors (TLRs) are known to play important roles in inflammation and immunity. If pathogens enter the host, TLRs recognize the pathogens and signal for the activation of NF-κB to induce inflammatory gene products, such as cytokines. We demonstrated that zerumbone inhibits the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the induction of NF-κB p65 in LPS-activated inflammation of THP-1 cell-derived macrophages. In addition, zerumbone significantly inhibited mRNA and protein levels of TLR-2/4, and the expression of myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) adaptor proteins in the LPS-activated inflammation of THP-1 cell-derived macrophages. Moreover, we showed that zerumbone (1–10 μM) regulated histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity and the expression of HDAC genes. H3K9ac, H3K27ac, and H3K4me2 are inducible histone marks that activate gene expression. Treatment with LPS upregulated H3K9ac, H3K27ac, and H3K4me2 in THP-1 cell-derived macrophages; however, this upregulation was decreased by zerumbone treatment. Therefore, these results provide evidence that zerumbone may have therapeutic benefits for chronic inflammatory diseases.

글루텐으로 자극한 피부각질형성세포에서 참모자반 열수 추출물의 염증 및산화적 손상 억제 효과

신은지,한의정,김 민 주,정재규,박준용,안긴내 한국키틴키토산학회 2019 한국키틴키토산학회지 Vol.24 No.2

In this study, we investigated the beneficial capacity of Sargassum Fulvellum (S. fulvellum, SF) against gluten-induced inflammation and oxidative damage in HaCaT cells, a human keratinocytes. First of all, we prepared the hot water extract from SF (SFH) and it was used for this study. The result showed SFH has no cytoxicities at the used all concentrations. Also, SFH improved the cell viability by reducing the generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO), and the apoptotic body formation in gluten-stimulated HaCaT cells. In addition, SFH inhibited the expression levels of inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8 and IL-13 compared to the only gluten-stimulated cells. Moreover, western blot analysis revealed that SFH suppressed the activation of nuclear factor (NF)-κB signaling by regulating the phosphorylation and degradation of IκB-α and cytoplasmic NF-κB p65 as well as the translocation of NF-κB p65 into the nucleus. Furthermore, SFH inhibited the activation of extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK)/P38 signaling in the gluten-stimulated HaCaT cells. Therefore, these results suggest that SFH improved the inflammation and oxidative damage caused by caused by the exposure of gluten in HaCaT cells and it might be a natural material for the improvement of gluten-caused various diseases.

비만세포 및 수동 피부 아나필락시스 동물모델에서 모로우 붉은실 추출물의 항알러지 효능

한의정,신은지,김 민 주,허수진,김은아,안긴내 한국키틴키토산학회 2019 한국키틴키토산학회지 Vol.24 No.2

In this study, we investigated the anti-allergic effect of a methanol extract from Polysiphonia marrowii Harvey (PHM) in the immunoglobulin E (IgE)/bovine serum albumin (BSA)-stimulated bone marrow-derived cultured mast cells (BMCMCs) and a passive cutaneous anaphylaxis(PCA) mice model. First, we identified PHM did not show the cytotoxicities at the used all concentrations. In addition, PHM reduced the β-hexosaminidase release known as a biomarker of degranulation in IgE/BSA-stimulated BMCMCs in a dose dependent manner. Also, PHM reduced the expression levels of cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-4, IL-6, IL-10 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, compared to the only IgE/BSA-stimulated BMCMCs. Furthermore, the treatment of PHM improved the IgE-mediated passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) reaction known as a type 1 allergic reaction in IgE/BSA-stimulated mice model. Taken together, these results suggest that PHM may be the natural agent with beneficial potentials for the treatment of type I allergic diseases.

피난안내도의 효과적인 정보 전달을 위한 디자인 개선방안

이 지 선,김 지 현,이 정 민,이 현 주 한국디자인트렌드학회 2023 한국디자인포럼 Vol.28 No.1

Background As publicly used establishments such as department stores and outlets with a large transient population expand, the problems of safety and fire-related casualties are increasing. Therefore, the importance of evacuation maps, which is directly related to emergency evacuation, has escalated. However, finding or identifying evacuation guidance at first glance is still challenging. This study aims at the current status of department stores' evacuation guide map and suggests the design direction of the evacuation guide map for effective information delivery. Methods Based on the current case studies, the status of evacuation guide map design in department stores and consumer interviews, this study focuses on considering evacuation guidance by evaluating the evacuation map's effectiveness with visibility, memory, and clarity. Result As a result of case studies, there was a problem with the mix of evacuation map designs and the expression of information for intuitive recognition of customers. According to the interviews, the most significant part of the evacuation guide map was the ‘current location.’ To this point, it is significant to specifying colors and pictogram expressions that could be intuitively recognized. Nevertheless, the complexity of the information indicated in the evacuation guide map was difficult to comprehend. Thus, this study found that the design of the evacuation guide map needs to be improved. Conclusion An evacuation guide map is required to increase visibility for intuitive recognition and have a the complex information should be selectively recognizable and understandable. It was necessary to improve the size and form of the pictogram of the current location so that consumers could instantly recognize the pictograms. And it is important to deliver accurate information to consumers in a systematic and consistent expression at each department store branch. 연구배경 유동인구가 많은 백화점, 아울렛 등의 다중이용업소가 확장되고 안전 및 화재와 관련된 인명피해 문제가 증가함에 따라 비상 대피와 직접적으로 관련된 피난안내도의 중요성이 더욱 강조되었지만 피난안내도를 쉽게 찾아보거나 식별하기 어려운 실정이다. 연구는 백화점 피난안내도의 현황을 살펴보고 소방청 표준매뉴얼을 참고하여 효과적인 정보 전달을 위한 피난안내도의 디자인 방향성을 제안하고자 한다. 연구방법 연구는 현황 조사와 실험을 바탕으로 시각의 법칙에 따른 가시성・기억성・정확성 등 피난안내도의 유효성 평가를 통해 피난안내도 디자인 개선사항을 도출하였다. 연구결과 피난안내도의 현황 조사 결과 소방청에서 제시하는 표준메뉴얼이 있으나 상세하지 않아 백화점마다 상이한 표현방법이 혼재되어 사용하고 있었다. 또한 사용자의 직관적 인식을 위한 정보 표현에 문제점을 발견하였다. 피난안내도에서 사용자가 가장 중요시하는 것은 현 위치의 파악이었으며, 이를 위하여 직관적으로 인지할 수 있는 색채와 픽토그램 표현의 명시성이 중요하였다. 그러나 피난안내도에 적시된 정보의 복잡성으로 인해 정보의 이해가 어려웠으며, 특히 현 위치와 픽토그램 표현 중 발신기 픽토그램의 인지가 어려운 것으로 조사되어 개선이 필요한 것으로 나타났다. 결론 피난안내도 디자인에 있어 직관적 인식을 위해 가시성을 높이는 디자인이 요구되며, 복잡한 정보를 선택적으로 명확히 인식하고 이해 가능하도록 정확성을 높여야 한다. 또한, 현 위치, 발신기 등 픽토그램을 한눈에 인지할 수 있는 크기와 형태의 개선이 필요하다. 그리고 백화점 지점마다 체계적이며 일관된 표현으로 소비자에게 정확한 정보를 전달하는 것이 중요하다.