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사격장 납 오염토양 복원을 위한 토양세척시 HCl과 EDTA의 영향 연구
김효식,최상일,Kim, Hyo-Sik,Choi, Sang-Il 한국지하수토양환경학회 2008 지하수토양환경 Vol.13 No.1
본 연구에서는 실제 납 탄알로 오염된 사격장 토양에 대해 토양세척기법을 적용하기위한 lab-scale 실험을 수행하였으며 다음과 같은 결론을 얻을 수 있었다. 토양오염공정시험법과 EPA Method 3050B 분석결과 각각 4,803.5 mg/kg, 9,443 mg/kg으로 나타났다. 회분식 토양세척 실험에서 HCl을 세척제로 사용한 경우 농도증가에 따른 제거율은 로그적인(logarithmic) 경향을 나타내었고 0.1M에서 약 90% 정도 제거되었으며, EDTA는 농도에 비례하여 제거율도 증가하여 0.1 M에서 약 98%의 제거율을 보였다. 교반강도에 따른 시간별 세척효율을 분석한 결과, HCl과 EDTA를 사용한 경우 모두 교반강도의 증가와 비례하여 토양내 제거율이 증가하였으나 200 rpm과 300 rpm에서의 제거율은 유사한 것으로 나타났으며, 반응 초기 10분 이내에 대부분의 용출이 이뤄지고 60분 경과 후에는 제거율 증가가 둔화되었다. Laboratory soil washing experiments with HCl or EDTA were conducted to remediate lead-contaminated soil in a firing range. After lead bullets were removed by standard sieve #18 (1.0 mM), Pb concentrations were measured by EPA Method 3050B (9,443 mg/kg) and Korea Standard Test (4,803.5 mg/kg). The results of the batch test showed that the removal efficiency curve was logarithmic and approximately 90% of lead in soil was removed, when HCl was used. In case of EDTA, the removal efficiency increased proportionally to the concentration of EDTA, up to 98% lead removal with 0.1M EDTA. High mixing strength resulted in increase of removal efficiency and kinetics showed that the most lead was extracted in 10 min.
김효식(Hyo-Sik Kim),김진호(Jin-Ho Kim),류재홍(Jae-Hong Ryu),강석환(Suk-Hwan Kang),김태훈(Tae-Hoon Kim),박노국(No-Kuk Park),우광재(Kwang-Jae Woo) 한국에너지기후변화학회 2017 에너지기후변화학회지 Vol.12 No.1
SOx generated in the combustion process of sulfur-containing fuel was regulated globally along with NOx, CO, fine dust, etc. Currently, processes for SOx removal in flue gas were mainly used the wet methods in a variety of industries. On the other hand, the dry methods has not yet been developed with commercial technology, although it has the advantage of removing SOx in flue gas through physical or chemical adsorption over a wide temperature range. In this paper, the operation or regeneration temperature of the sorbents (such as single oxides, oxides supported on carbonaceous materials, oxides supported on zeolites and mesoporous materials) in the dry methods for removing SOx and the future research direction of this field are summarized.
초정밀 가공기를 이용한 적외선 감지소자 HgCdTe의 절삭특성에 관한 연구
김효식(Hyo-Sik Kim),양순철(Sun-Cheol Yang),김명상(Myung-Sang Kim),김건희(Geon-Hee Kim),이인제(In-Je Lee),원종호(Jong-Ho Won),조병무(Byoung-Moo Cho) 한국기계가공학회 2007 한국기계가공학회지 Vol.6 No.4
This study aims to find the optimal cutting conditions, when are IR Detection device HgCdTe is machined with diamond tool of diamond turning machine. Machining technique for HgCdTe with single point diamond turning tool is reported in this paper. The main factors influencing the machined surface quality are discovered and regularities of machining process are drawn. It has been found HgCdTe has more and more important applications in the field of modern optics. The purpose of our research is to find the optimum machining conditions for ductile cutting of HgCdTe and apply the SPDT technique to the manufacturing of ultra precision optical components of brittle materials.
서로 다른 식이지방산 섭취가 장시간의 수영운동 후 쥐 가자미근 내 AMPK와 MAPK 발현에 미치는 영향
김효식(Kim, Hyo-Sik),어수주(Eo, Su-Ju),권형태(Kwon, Hyeong-Tae),김동문(Kim, Dong-Mun),이종삼(Lee, Jong-Sam) 한국체육과학회 2011 한국체육과학회지 Vol.20 No.6
We determined different dietary on expression of AMPK and MAPK signaling response in soleus muscle after a bout endurance swimming exercise. Total 160 Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into two groups by two dietary condition: (SCHO, n=40) and high fat diet(HFAT, n=120). High fat dietary were divided into three groups by sub-groups with different diet, sub-group I(SAFA, saturated fatty acid diet; n=40), sub-group Ⅱ(MUFA, mono-unsaturated fatty acid diet; n=40) and sub-group Ⅲ(PUFA, poly-unsaturated fatty acid diet; n=40). All animals in exercise groups performed 4hr swimming exercise(30×8bouts). Muscle samples were then dissected after exercise 0h, 1h, 4h and 24h and sued for analysis. AMP-activated protein kinase(AMPK) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase(ERK)1/2, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK) were significantly different between two dietary condition(p<.01). And High fat dietary were significantly different among HFAT(p<.01). The results suggest that metabolic alterations caused by different dietary than a bout endurance swimming exercise.
엘리트 수영 선수의 경기력 판단지표로서 혈중 젖산의 고찰
김효식 ( Hyo-sik Kim ),김태경 ( Tae-kyung Kim ) 한국체육대학교 체육과학연구소 2021 스포츠사이언스 Vol.39 No.3
수영은 다양한 거리와 시간에 따라 훈련방법이 달라진다. 유산소, 무산소 운동 대사의 평가 지표로써 혈중 젖산은 중요한 구성 요인이므로 젖산 검사 결과를 신뢰하고 재연성을 보장하기 위한 구체적 접근이 필요하다. 따라서 운동 중 혈중 젖산 농도에 영향을 미칠 수 있는 다양한 변인들을 운동 종목별로 분석하고 모니터링하여 적절한 훈련 목표를 설정해야 한다. 수영 경기는 인체 내 모든 근육을 동원하는 대표적인 유, 무산소성 운동으로써, 생리학적 대사과정과 그에 따른 에너지 시스템 반응을 평가하는데 부가적인 요인이 적은 운동 종목이다. 수영에서 혈중젖산 검사는 선수의 대사능력을 나타내줄 뿐만 아니라 훈련 강도, 훈련 기간에 따른 젖산 생산 및 제거 속도와 훈련에 대한 대사 적응을 모니터링하여 영법 (자유형, 배영, 접영, 평영)과 거리 (50, 100, 200, 400, 800, 1500m)에 적용시킬 수 있다. 특히, 거리와 강도 그리고 반복회수에 따른 테스트 방법의 다양성은 엘리트 수영 훈련에 필수적이다. 따라서, 전신 근육을 동원하여 빠른 기록 단축을 목표로 하는 엘리트 수영종목에서, 대사과정 최종 물질인 젖산이 유, 무산소성 에너지 기여도에 미치는 영향력을 학습하여 운동 능력의 한계점을 이해하는 것이 필요하다. 따라서 본 고찰을 통해 엘리트 수영 선수의 혈중 젖산이 적절한 훈련 프로그램을 확립시키는 경기력 향상을 위한 주요 판단 지표인지에 대한 근거를 제공하고자 한다. In swimming, the training method changes according to various distances and times. As an evaluation index of aerobic and anaerobic exercise metabolism, blood lactate is an important component, so a specific approach is required to ensure reliability and reproducibility of lactate test results. Therefore, it is necessary to set an appropriate training goal by analyzing and monitoring various variables that can affect blood lactate concentration by exercise type. Swimming is not only a representative aerobic and anaerobic exercise that mobilizes all muscles in the human body, but also an exercise sport with few additional factors to evaluate physiological metabolic processes and the resulting energy system response. In swimming, blood lactate testing is an indication of an athlete's metabolic ability and can be applied to stroke (freestyle, backstroke, butterfly, breaststroke) and distance (50, 100 , 200, 400, 800, 1500m, etc.) by monitoring metabolic adaptation by the rate of lactate production and elimination with training intensity and duration. In particular, the versatility of testing methods for distance, intensity and reps is essential for elite swimming training. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the limitations of exercise ability by learning the effect of lactic acid, the final substance of metabolic processes, on the contribution of lactate and anaerobic energy in elite swimming events that aim to shorten the record quickly by mobilizing whole-body muscles. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to provide a rationale for whether blood lactate in elite swimmers is a key judgmental indicator for performance improvement that establishes an appropriate training program.