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An Examination of Laura's Growth from Child to Adult: in the American Prairies
Kim, Hokyung(김호경) 건국대학교 스토리앤이미지텔링연구소 2012 스토리&이미지텔링 Vol.3 No.-
본고는 로라 잉걸스 와일더의 『초원의 집』 시리즈 중 『기나긴 겨울』(1940)과 『눈부시게 행복한 시절』(1943)에 나타난 십대 소녀 로라의 성장을 조명한다. 이를 위해 로라의 성장에 결정적 역할을 하는 가족, 학교 사회, 그리고 자연과의 관계를 중점적으로 파악한다. 역사소설과 자서전 성격을 띤 『기나긴 겨울』 과 『눈부시게 행복한 시절』 은 산업화와 물질문명의 혜택을 받기 이전인 19세기 미국 서부 개척시대 개척민들의 삶, 가족의 의미, 여성의 삶 및 청소년의 성장을 잉걸스 가족의 개척정신, 사람과의 관계, 사람과 자연과의 관계, 종교, 교육 등을 통해 특히 사실적으로 묘사하고 있다. 로라의 아버지는 자유로운 삶을 즐기는 개척자로서 자연과 더불어 사는 삶, 노동을 통한 삶의 개척 및 풍요로움의 성취 등에 의미를 부여한다. 한편, 가족의 안정된 삶을 중시하는 어머니는 정착이 중요하다고 여기며 아버지의 삶의 방식과 차이를 보인다. 어머니는 지역사회에서 타인과의 관계정립, 자녀의 교육, 전통적인 가정생활 유지 등에 보다 큰 의미를 부여한다. 로라 자신도 아버지처럼 자연과 함께 하는 삶을 원하지만 아버지와 어머니의 논리를 모두 존중하며 서로 다른 이념 사이에서 내면적인 갈등을 겪는다. 가족이 처한 현실을 되새기며 현실에 적응해야 할 필요성을 깨닫는 로라는 앞을 못 보게 되는 언니 메리의 공부를 돕고 가족에게 경제적 도움을 주기위해 교사가 된다. 가족을 위해 자신을 헌신하는 어머니의 삶을 따르게 되는 것이다. 자연에 순응과 도전을 반복하는 현실의 삶에서 가족을 위해 헌신하며 안정정인 삶을 추구하는 로라의 고민과 이를 통한 성장의 여정이 사회생활을 통해 만나는 다양한 사람들과의 관계를 통해 나타난다. 또한 알만조와의 로맨스를 통해 자연스럽게 아버지의 딸에서 아내가 되는 결혼에 이르게 된다. 어머니처럼 자신을 헌신하지만 남녀관계에서 로라는 일방적인 순종이 아닌 평등하고 독립적인 자세를 취한다. 더불어, 초원은 특히 자연을 동경하는 로라의 성장에 정신적 풍요로움과 안정을 부여하는 역할을 한다. In this paper I examine the process of growing up of Laura which is shown in The Long Winter(1940) and These Happy Golden Years(1943) written by Laura Ingalls Wilder(1967~1957). For this, I explore Mary`s family life, her social life including the relationship with Almanzo, and the prairie. The two books are parts of the Little House series, which is Wilder`s autobiography and historical novel; they describe American frontiers` life during the America`s westward expansion, before the new modern technology advents. The Long Winter in particular depicts Laura`s family life in the West more realistically than other books of the series. In the book, Laura, the teenage protagonist, approaches adulthood. Laura`s growing up to a mature woman through her social life as a teacher is portrayed din These Happy Golden Years, which also depicts Almanzo and Laura`s courtship, Laura`s social life. Pa prefers pioneer life of moving rather than settlement, and wants to go further to the West. He loves nature and portrays the typical image of American pioneer attitude of hard-working. Pa and Laura aspire the sense of own capabilities and the feeling of free and independence. The prairie becomes Laura`s invisible home which provides her with spiritual security. Unlike pa, Ma values settlement of the family and children`s education rather than moving. She devotes herself to the family settlement. The Long Winter dominates women`s work culture on the American frontier in the nineteenth century by showing Ma`s domestic chore Ma in fact shows how women can be inventive in the kitchen. Although Laura respects her parents` different attitudes, she struggles with the two different life styles. Considering the reality of her family life and the older sister Mary`s less bright situation as a blind, Laura decides to follow Ma, who strongly influences on her future; Ma is a role model for her. After the harsh winter passes, Laura realizes her role as a woman. She becomes a self-reliant and independent individual which she harmonizes with modern and traditional values, which she learned through the education and Ma.
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김호경 ( Kim Hokyung ) 건국대학교 동화와번역연구소 2022 동화와 번역 Vol.43 No.-
This paper explores a father character in Vice Versa by F.Anstey(1882) in light of C.G.Jung’s persona. Anstey uses body swap motif in the novel to resolve an intergenerational communication problem caused by the father’s lack of empathy. An unexpected school life of the authoritative father Paul Bultitude is comically portrayed. As a successful businessman, Paul keeps distancing from his children and fears in being domesticated in the novel. He was a typical father figure who represented British middle-class manliness in that particular time. Paul’s patriarchal authority that obsessed with his social face persona needs to be together with anima, whch is a female personality hidden in an emotional feeling. Empathic skills need to be taught if necessary. Being swapped to his son’s body by a magic stone, an experience of boarding school life for a week teaches him the hardship of his son as well as how to be empathic. The study, through the examination of Anstey’s novel, reaffirms that empathic abilities need to be the balance between the external face persona and the internal face anima.
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김홍준(Kim Hongjun),강경식(Kang Kyoungsik),최고야(Choi Goya),김호경(Kim Hokyung),정승일(Jeong Seungil),주영승(Ju Youngsung) 한국한의학연구원 2006 한국한의학연구원논문집 Vol.12 No.3
The purpose of this study was to introduce the differential standard of Mok-Hyaeng Radix species. We established the classificatory standard according to the external and internal morphology and the pattern in 4 kinds of Mok-Hyaeng Radix. The results follow: 1. On the external morphology, Radix of Vladimiria souliei had a sticky material in the head of roots and it was yellowish white in the cut surface. It attached to teeth during chewing. Radix of Aucklandia lappa (=Saussurea lappa) was dark grayish brown and was grayish brown in the cut surface. It had special odor and was not attache to teeth chewing it. On the other hand, Radix of Inula helenium was dark brown. In the cut surface, cortical layer was different from wood layer. Radix of Aristolochia contorta was yellowish brown. In the cut surface, it was not smooth and cortical layer was different from wood layer. 2. On the internal morphology, Radix of Vladimiria souliei had many fascicular fibers and scattered large oil chambers in the bast ray, xylem ray, and parenchyma. On Radix of Aucklandia lappa (=Saussurea lappa), it was difficult to find out the trace when the cork layer was exfoliated. The cambium formed circle and the large oil chambers were scattered in the phloem and xylem On the other hand, external cortical layer of Radix of Inula helenium was detached and cambium was formed to indistinct circle and large oil chambers were scattered in the phloem and xylem. On Radix of Arustolochia contorta, the large oil chambers were scattered in the surface layer, bast part was relatively broad and cambium formed circle. 3. On the TLC pattern, Radix of Aristolochia contorta, Inula helenium; Aucklandia lappa, and Vladimiria souliei were chromogenic to violet and purple according to sulfuric acid colour pattern, especially faint on Aristolochia contorta. 4. On the pattern analysis of HPLC, we compared the content and the pattern of constunolide and dehydrocostus lactone, Radix of Aucklandia lappa was similar to Radix of Vladimiria souliei and Radix of Aristolochia contorta was similar to Radix of Inula helenium. On the total HPLC component pattern, constunolide and dehydrocostus lactone were similar in all four types, but it showed the Rf 5-6 peak was only in Radix of Aristolochia contorta, not in Radix of Inula helenium, AuckLandia lappa, and Vladimiria souliei. It is considered the results of this study will be furnished the basis to succeeding studies and it is needed to extensive comparative study for the same genus-degree of relatedness.
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