경피신경 자극과 미세전류신경근 자극이 $\beta-endorphin$ 과 동통역치에 미치는 영향

김형남,박래준,Kim Hyung-Nam,Park Rae-Joon 대한물리치료학회 1997 대한물리치료학회지 Vol.9 No.1

The purpose of this study was to examine the amount of $\beta-endorphin$ and pain threshold according to time sequences in applying experimented TENS and MENS(pre treatment, posttreatment, 25 minutes after the treatment). This test was to aim at showing the effects of the experimental $\beta-endorphin$ and pain threshold applied to the randomly selected twenty healthy men in their twenties. The subjects were divided into two group(ten for TENS and the other ten MENS). The results obtained are as follows : 1. There was no significant difference in the $\beta-endorphin$ between TENS and HENS(p>0.05). There was no difference in the pain threshold at pretreatment and posttreatment(p>0.05), but there was some difference at 25 minutes after the treatment(p<0.05). 2. The group of TENS in the experimental $\beta-endorphin$ had the highest level of $14.40{\pm}3.098$ at posttreatment, but the level decreased a little according to time passed. And in the experimental pain threshold, the level went to the highest plateau of $2.92{\pm}0.483$ at 25 minutes after the treatment. 3. The group of MENS in the experimental $\beta-endorphin$ had the highest plateau of $14.20{\pm}3.967$ at posttreatment, but the level decreased a bit according to time passed also. And in the experimental pain threshold, the level went to the highest plateau of $2.49{\pm}0.617$ posttreatment. 4. There were some differences of the experimental $\beta-endorphin$ in TENS group at pretreatment and posttreatment(p<0.05). There were some differences in the experimental pain threshold between pretreatment and posttreatment as well as between pretreatment and 25 minutes after the treatment(p<0.05) MENS did not influence the experimental $\beta-endorphin$ and pain threshold. This experiment showed that TENS increased the levels of the experimental $\beta-endorphin$ at posttreatment and increased the levels of the experimental pain threshold untill 25 minutes after the treatment. Therefore, the time of sustaining pain in TENS group was longer than that of MENS group. Also, MENS showed that it increased each level of the experimental $\beta-endorphin$ and pain threshold, but these levels were not statistically meaningful.

$1920{\sim}1960$년대 제주시 주택의 변천에 관한 연구

김형남,Kim, Hyung-Nam 한국주거학회 2007 한국주거학회 논문집 Vol.18 No.1

Houses in Jeju city are divided into separated types and combination types of household affairs space. Other special types are separated-kitchen type. Separated household affairs space type is mostly built. Separated household affairs space type were sitting room + Gopang separate type and separate sitting room type. Combination household affairs space type made from sitting room, kitchen, Gopang and Chabang(Dinning room) put together as space differentiation, also into classes sitting room + kitchen + Gopang + Chabang type, sitting room + kitchen + Chabang type, sitting room + kitchen + Gopang, sitting room + kitchen type by combination household cares space type. Separated-kitchen type was one of the special type from separated-kitchen type of traditional housing, and type with continuous. Houses in Jeju city were 3 kan type and 4 kan type. 4kan type was mostly built. ㅡ shape is kept as plan shaped of straight shape, and roof shape is showed as ㅡ shape gathering roof. ㅡ shape + part projection type talls part projecting type as happened in Gopang, and Chabang. Roof is gathering roof, and when it is showed ㄱ shape by Gopang, Chabang, and kitchen are projected. ㅡ shape + total projection shape is one of the room become totally projected by Gopang and Chabang, can be happen with small room or kitchen, and roof as gathering roof shaped with ㅡ shape, ㄱ shape, ㄷ shape, unsystematic ㄹ shape, and various shapes.

다층보 자유단 부위의 열응력

김형남,김영호,Kim Hyung-Nam,Kim Young-Ho 대한용접접합학회 2005 대한용접·접합학회지 Vol.23 No.1

An analytical method for determining the thermal stress distributions in a 3-layered beam is developed, which is focused on the end effects. This method gives the stress distributions which satisfy the stress-free boundary condition at the end completely. For verification of the method, a numerical example which was introduced by other researchers is treated. The stress distributions agree with the results of other researchers. The results show that the show and peeling stresses at the interfaces are significant near the edge and become negligible in the interior region.

사관생도의 스포츠 활동 참여몰입이 여가만족 및 운동지속 의사에 미치는 영향

김형남(Kim, Hyung-Nam) 한국체육과학회 2016 한국체육과학회지 Vol.25 No.5

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of exercise flow in sports participation on leisure satisfaction and exercise continuance of korea military academy Cadets, and the effects of leisure satisfaction on exercise continuance. Using the sampling method of convenience sampling, total of 320 questionnaire was distributed in Korea Military Academy from May 11, 2016 to Jun 8, 2016. Among them, 23 insincere questionnaire were ruled out and 297 remaining were used to analyze. Researched material was analyzed using SPSS 20.0 program to draw frequency analysis, factor analysis, reliability analysis, exploratory factor analysis, correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis. The analysis results were as following. First, exercise flow had a significant influence on leisure satisfaction. Second, exercise flow had a significant influence on exercise continuance. Third, leisure satisfaction had a significant influence on exercise continuance.

국군체육부대 트라이애슬론 팀 창단과 활동에 관한 역사적 의미

김형남 ( Kim Hyung-nam ),정영재 ( Jeong Young-jae ) 한국체육사학회 2017 체육사학회지 Vol.22 No.2

본 연구는 2015 경북문경 세계군인체육대회에서 좋은 성적을 달성하기 위해 추진되었던 국군체육부대 트라이애슬론 팀의 창단과 2015 경북문경 세계군인체육대회를 마치고 2016년 동(同) 팀이 해단되기까지의 활동에 관한 역사적 의미를 분석하는데 목적이 있었다. 문헌고찰과 심층면담을 통해 도출된 연구결과는 다음과 같았다. 첫째, 국군체육부대 트라이애슬론팀은 대한민국 트라이애슬론 사상 처음으로 국제대회 금메달을 획득하는 성과를 이루었다. 둘째, 2015 경북문경 세계군인체육대회 트라이애슬론 경기는 포항에서 훌륭하게 치러진 국제대회로서 우리나라의 이미지를 제고하고 아름다운 포항을 전 세계에 알리는 좋은 기회가 되었다. 셋째, 트라이애슬론 팀은 2015 경북문경 세계군인체육대회의 좋은 성적을 위해 국군체육부대에 창단되었지만, 뛰어난 성적을 달성하고도 바로 해단하는 바람에 많은 스포츠인들에게 아쉬움을 남겼다. The present study purposed to analyze the historical meaning on establishment and activities of triathlon team that was established in Korea armed forces athletic corps to obtain good result in 2015 World Military Games in South Korea and until the team was disassembled after finishing 2015 World Military Games. The result of literature review and in-depth interview in order to this purpose was as following. Firstly, the triathlon team achieved the gold medal for the first time in the international competition of the Korean triathlon. Secondly, the Triathlon Competition in the 2015 Gyeongbuk Mungyeong World Military Games was a spectacular international competition in Pohang. It was a great opportunity to raise the image of Korea and inform the world of beautiful Pohang. Thirdly, it was established in Korea armed forces athletic corps in order to achieve good performance of the 2015 Gyeongbuk Mungyeong World Military Games, but the achievement of good grades and immediate disbandment remained a disappointment of many sportsmen.

공공캠핑장의 시장환경 인식 차이에 따른 경영전략

김형남(Kim, Hyung-Nam),이상범(Lee, Sang-Bum) 한국체육과학회 2016 한국체육과학회지 Vol.25 No.5

The purpose of this study was to analyze the market environment gap index(MGI) between managers and customers of public camping facility. so it is develop a management strategy for efficient management with analyze the market environment mistaken index. To achieve the aims of this research were collected by using convenience sampling method from customer(n=204) and employees(n=51) in 5 public camping facilities around Gyeonggido area. The content validity and reliability of questionnaire were performed by SPSS Ver. 19.0. Moreover frequency analysis and t-test were used statistical package in order to analyze the MGI difference between customer and employees. Administrators and consumer perception gap analysis of the market environment for public camping facilities are as follows. First, Community awareness has been identified difference(+1.455) so it was adopted, Second Operating environment of the management operations has been identified difference (-.7962), convenience facilities has been identified difference(+.920) so they were adopted, but staff service was rejected. This research shows that public camping facility equipped with good facilities(operating environment, convience facilities) and good community awareness are very important. In addition to public camping facilities are a close relationship with local residents, it is important to agree to local residents for the progress direction of municipalities. Therefore, coordinated public camping facilities at a reasonable direction is required during installation.

군 병사들의 스포츠 활동참여와 스포츠태도가 군 생활 적응에 미치는 영향

김형남(Kim, Hyung-Nam) 한국체육과학회 2017 한국체육과학회지 Vol.26 No.2

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of sports participation on military life adaptation of soldiers, the effects of sports attitude on military life adaptation and the mediating effects of sports attitude on the relationship between sports participation and military life adaptation. Using the sampling method of convenience sampling, total of 280 questionnaire was distributed from the military forces in Seoul and Incheon City. Among them, 20 insincere questionnaire were ruled out and 260 remaining were used to analyze. Researched material was analyzed using SPSS 23.0 program to draw frequency analysis, factor analysis, reliability analysis, exploratory factor analysis, correlation analysis, multiple regression analysis and hierarchical regression analysis. The analysis results were as following. First, sports participation had a significant influence on military life adaptation. Second, sports attitude had a significant influence on military life adaptation. Third, sports attitude partially mediated the relationship between sports participation and military life adaptation. These results suggest the military life adaptation could be increased through improving sports attitude by increasing sports participation. Therefore, to increse the military life adaptation, we should support soldiers to join the sports activities to enhance their sports attitude.

트라이애슬론 개최지역 및 대회의 인지도와 지역 이미지의 관계에서 참가자 유형의 조절효과

김형남(Kim, Hyung-Nam),김수잔(Kim, Su-San) 한국사회체육학회 2016 한국사회체육학회지 Vol.0 No.65

The purpose of this study was to analyze the moderation effect of participant role, frequency and residence on the relationship among triathlon host city awareness, competition awareness and city image. In order to achieve this goal, 700 participants were selected from the 201 4Gyeongju Triathlon by the convenience sampling method and surveyed, but upon discarding 58 data judged to be unreliable, only data from 642(92%) participants were analyzed. The questions went through coding, they were analyzed through confirmatory factor analysis, independent t-test, moderation effect analysis using the SPSS Window 20.0 and AMOS 21.0 statistical package program, and the results of this study were as following First, non-triathlete group than triathlete group observed more about the natural and cultural factors. Second, participants with less experience than more experience observed more about facility’s factors and competition awareness. Third, residents near Gyeongju than residents far from Gyeongju observed more about natural and human factors.

미국 연방의회의 자율권

김형남(KIM, Hyung Nam) 유럽헌법학회 2010 유럽헌법연구 Vol.8 No.-

국회의 자율권(自律權)은 권력분립(separation of powers)의 원리에 의해 다른 부(府, branch)의 간섭을 받지 않고 의회의 회의 진행, 즉 의사(議事)와 내부사항을 독자적으로 결정할 수 있는 권한을 말한다. 또한 국회의 자율권은 권력분립원리에 입각하여 국회의 기능을 보장하기 위한 것이다. 이러한 자율권의 내용으로는 규칙제정권, 내부조직 구성과 재정의 자율권, 의사의 자율권, 의원신분에 관한 자율권 등으로 나누어 볼 수 있다. 특히 국회는 의원신분에 관한 자율권을 가지게 된다. 즉 국회는 의원 자격을 심사하고 징계도 할 수 있다. 국회의 의원자격심사권은 피선권의 유무 등 의원자격요건을 심사하는 권한이다. 의원이 다른 의원의 자격에 대하여 이의가 있을 때에는 30인 이상의 연서로 자격심사를 의장에게 청구할 수 있다. 의원자격 없음을 의결하는 경우 재적의원 3분의 2 이상의 찬성이 있어야 한다. 징계권에는 제명이 포함되며 제명에는 재적의원 3분의 2 이상의 찬성이 있어야 한다. 자격심사와 징계에 대해서는 법원에 제소할 수 없다. 바로 이 부분이 국회의 자율권 문제에서 논란이 많은 문제이다. 예를 들어, 제명당한 국회의원은 법원이나 헌법재판소에 전혀 제소를 할 수 없다는 것인지 아니면 예외적으로 제소를 할 수 있는 방법이 있는지에 대해 살펴볼 필요가 있는 것이다. 이는 미국 연방의회의 경우에서도 충분히 발생할 수 있는 일이다. 연방의회가 소속 의원을 제명하는 등의 사건이 발생한 경우, 제명을 당한 당사자는 부득불 재판기관인 법원에 제소하는 경우도 있을 것이다. 이렇게 되면 사법부와 입법부의 충돌은 불을 보듯 명백한 일이 된다. 즉, 재판전문기관인 법원은 아무리 의회의 내부적인 결정권 행사라고 하더라도 일정 범위를 벗어나 위법하다는 의심이 들면 재판의 대상이 되게 하려는 의지를 가지기 때문이다. 비교적 오랜 세월동안 잘 정비된 의회제도를 가지고 있는 미국에서는 이러한 경향은 더욱 강하게 존재한다. 미국의 법관들은 의원(congressman)들이 의사당에 제출한 문건이나 어떤 행동, 발언 등에 민감한 반응을 보이는 것이 미국의 오래된 법적 관행이라고 볼 수 있기 때문이다. 우리 헌법재판소는 전술한 바와 같이 단순히 국회 자율권의 한계를 ‘헌법과 법률’임을 밝히고 있는데, 이는 너무 광범위하여 국회 자율권을 혹시라도 상시 위협하고 있다는 느낌을 줄 정도라고 생각한다. 이러한 태도보다는 미국 연방대법원이 의원자격에 관한 연방헌법 제1조 제2항의 ‘연령, 시민권, 거주기간’ 심사요건만을 일관되게 적용하는 것처럼 이를 엄격하게 해석하는 것이 법치주의의 한 요소인 명확성의 원칙에 합치되는 것이라고 본다. In the absence of judicial enforcement of the constitutional boundaries, the U. S. Congress has usually attempted to utilize self-help to constrain executive power. These attempts will take two types. First, Congress has occasionally enacted framework or quasi-constitutional statutes designed to establish guidelines for executive-legislative interaction over a range of cases. Second, Congress has more frequently attempted to use the devices as its disposal to control executive authority in individual cases. Although these techniques are well designed to enforce constitutional boundaries, they also raise constitutional questions of their own. As you know, constitutional boundary means the U. S. Constitution itself. In order to investigate the qualification of congressmen, the courts should apply strict scrutiny. Namely, the court must do with the Article 1, Clause 2 of the U. S. Constitution. So this device will be well adopted to the principle of rule of law.

자유주제 ; 한국 헌법재판소의 변형결정에 관한 연구

김형남 ( Hyung Nam Kim ) 경성대학교 법학연구소 2005 경성법학 Vol.14 No.1