심포지엄 : 섬망

김창오 대한내과학회 2010 대한내과학회 추계학술대회 Vol.2010 No.-

Effect of Al Concentration on the Structural, Electrical, and Optical Properties of Transparent Al-doped ZnO

김창오,신동희,김성,최석호 한국물리학회 2012 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.61 No.4

Al-doped ZnO (AZO) films have been deposited on sapphire substrates at 400 ℃ for various Al doping concentrations (nAl) from 0 to 5 wt.% by RF magnetron sputtering and were subsequently annealed at 600 ∼ 800 ℃ for 3 min. The AZO films show the best structural, electrical, and optical properties at nAl = ∼2 wt.%, as demonstrated by Hall-effect, photoluminescence, X-ray diffraction, and optical transparency measurements. The nAl-dependent experimental results are discussed based on possible physical mechanisms. These studies provide a simple method of controlling nAl for optimizing the properties of AZO films for use as transparent conductive oxides.

Geriatrics : Overview

김창오 대한종양외과학회 2013 대한임상종양학회 학술대회지 Vol.2013 No.10

Home-Based Primary Care for Homebound Older Adults: Literature Review

김창오,장숙랑 대한노인병학회 2018 Annals of geriatric medicine and research Vol.22 No.2

Home-based primary care (HBPC) refers to the type of home care services which provide interdisciplinary primary care services with a comprehensive and continuous manner. Currently, it is getting much attention due to possess potential of converting primary care services from outpatient clinic to home, especially for those who are medically isolated including homebound older adults. This study examined a number of HBPCs introduced in the literature since 1990s, and summarizes the key factors with the analytic framework of 5Ps: purpose, patients, people, process, patterns. The results of this study emphasize that contents of primary care for older population should be different from those of the general population. This paper may be interpreted as the practice guideline of the following policy questions: “How can we design the HBPC if it is introduced in the nearest future?” In the future, it is necessary to have a heated debate concerning what is the most desirable pri-mary care system for older adults. (Ann Geriatr Med Res 2018;22:62-72)

폐경후 여성의 무증상 갑상선 기능저하증과 골밀도 및 골대사지표와의 관련성

김창오,박계선,박경채,신경균,김문종,이영진 대한가정의학회 2008 Korean Journal of Family Medicine Vol.29 No.1

The Relationship of Subclinical Hypothyroidism with Bone Mineral Density and Biochemical Bone Markers in Postmenopausal WomenChang O Kim, M.D., Kye Seon Park, M.D., Kyung Chae Park, M.D., Kyung Kyun Shin, M.D., Moon Jong Kim, M.D., Young Jin Lee, M.D. Background: It is well recognized that thyroid hormone stimulates bone turnover, increasing bone resorption, thus affecting bone mineral density, but few data are available on untreated subclinical hypothyroidism. The aim of this study was to examine whether bone mineral density is increased in postmenopausal subclinical hypothyroidism patients compared with postmenopausal normal thyroid function women, and to evaluate the relationship between thyroid hormones (TSH, FT4) and bone mineral density or various biochemical markers of bone metabolism. Methods: This was a cross sectional study of 132 postmenopausal women aged from 51 to 70 who undertook health screening program in Pundang CHA general hospital from 1996 to 2001. They were divided into two groups; subclinical hypothyroidism group (n=52) and normal thyroid function group (n=80) matched by age. Results: The total bone mineral density was significantly increased in the subclinical hypothyroid group than in the normal group (P<0.05). The serum osteocalcin was lower in the subclinical hypothyroidism group (P<0.05), but neither the alkaline phosphatase nor the deoxypyridinoline showed any significance. For all participants in this study, TSH, but not FT4, exhibited significant correlation with the total bone mineral density (r=0.188, P<0.05), and with the osteocalcin (r=0.191, P<0.05). Multiple regression analysis identified the TSH as an independent predictor of the total bone mineral density (β=0.0410; P< 0.05). Conclusion: This study indicated that subclinical hypothyroidism is one of the factors which can elevate bone mineral density in postmenopausal women. (J Korean Acad Fam Med 2008;29:41-47) The Relationship of Subclinical Hypothyroidism with Bone Mineral Density and Biochemical Bone Markers in Postmenopausal WomenChang O Kim, M.D., Kye Seon Park, M.D., Kyung Chae Park, M.D., Kyung Kyun Shin, M.D., Moon Jong Kim, M.D., Young Jin Lee, M.D. Background: It is well recognized that thyroid hormone stimulates bone turnover, increasing bone resorption, thus affecting bone mineral density, but few data are available on untreated subclinical hypothyroidism. The aim of this study was to examine whether bone mineral density is increased in postmenopausal subclinical hypothyroidism patients compared with postmenopausal normal thyroid function women, and to evaluate the relationship between thyroid hormones (TSH, FT4) and bone mineral density or various biochemical markers of bone metabolism. Methods: This was a cross sectional study of 132 postmenopausal women aged from 51 to 70 who undertook health screening program in Pundang CHA general hospital from 1996 to 2001. They were divided into two groups; subclinical hypothyroidism group (n=52) and normal thyroid function group (n=80) matched by age. Results: The total bone mineral density was significantly increased in the subclinical hypothyroid group than in the normal group (P<0.05). The serum osteocalcin was lower in the subclinical hypothyroidism group (P<0.05), but neither the alkaline phosphatase nor the deoxypyridinoline showed any significance. For all participants in this study, TSH, but not FT4, exhibited significant correlation with the total bone mineral density (r=0.188, P<0.05), and with the osteocalcin (r=0.191, P<0.05). Multiple regression analysis identified the TSH as an independent predictor of the total bone mineral density (β=0.0410; P< 0.05). Conclusion: This study indicated that subclinical hypothyroidism is one of the factors which can elevate bone mineral density in postmenopausal women. (J Korean Acad Fam Med 2008;29:41-47)

에탄올을 첨가한 TMA 포접화합물의 냉각특성에 대한 연구

김창오,김진흥,정낙규,김석현 대한설비공학회 2002 설비공학 논문집 Vol.14 No.8

The purpose of this study is to investigate the propriety of TMA clathrate as a cold storage medium. Particularly, this is to examine the extent of subcooling improvement when the additives is added to the TMA clathrate, because water used for cold storage ma terial has low phase change temperature and subcooling. This study has been analyzed and compared pure water with TMA 30 wt% clathrate how phase change temperature, subcooling and specific heat in the various concentrations are changed. This results prove low phase change temperature and subcooling control effect when the ethanol is added to the TMA 30 wt% clathrate than the TMA 30 wt% clathrate. In addition, it results low specific heat when there is added to the TMA 30 wt% clathrate over 0.5 wt% ethanol in the cold heat source temperature under $-7^{\circ}C$. The other side, it results high specific heat when the ethanol is added in it at the cold heat source temperature under $-5^{\circ}C$. Therefore, it is found that the additive must be controlled by available solution limit and study for new additive must be lasted to know its effect.

Gerard Egan의 상담모델에 근거한 교사 상담자훈련 프로그램의 개발과 적용

김창오,김연옥,김진수,강근미 한국상담학회 2010 상담학연구 Vol.11 No.4

The purpose of this study is to develop teacher counseling training program based on Counseling Model by Gerard Egan and to verify the effect of that program. The main contents are composed of four core communication skills to counseling model of confronting problem and developing opportunity and 3 leveled counseling developments of counselor model training by Gerard Egan. The study design used in developing process is the following experiment design to compare test in advance to test after the fact―test between an experimental group and a controlled group. Participants are 24 teachers― 12 persons in an experimental group, 12 persons controlled―in active service at elementary, middle and high schools in Ulsan Metropolitan City. This counseling program has been conducted to the experimental group 180minutes in each week (total five times) for 5 weeks, May on 2007. For the verification of effectiveness in this program, a working alliance between an experimental group and a controlled group, communication skills and teacher self-efficacy have been verified in advance and after the fact. The process of the data was estimated by the average score, the standard deviation, one-way ANOVA through the statistics package. As a result, the experimental group is improved meaningfully in the counseling relationship, communication skill and teacher self-efficacy. This program has been discussed to revise, confirm, verify and spread continuously. 본 연구의 목적은 Gerard Egan(2003)의 상담모델에 근거하여 교사인 상담자를 위한 개인상담훈련 프로그램을 개발하고, 그 개발한 프로그램의 효과를 검증하는 것이다. 이를 위해 실험-통제집단, 사전-사후 연구 설계를 활용하였다. 프로그램의 주요 내용은 Gerard Egan의 문제대처․기회개발 상담모델의 4가지 핵심 의사소통기술 훈련과 상담발달 3단계별 상담자 역할 훈련으로 구성되었다. 참여자는 울산광역시의 초․중등학교에 근무하는 현직교사 24명(실험집단 12명, 통제집단 12명)이었다. 실험집단을 대상으로 본 연구자가 2007년 5월 5주간 총 10회기 프로그램을 5회(회당 2회기씩)에 걸쳐 진행하였다. 이 프로그램의 효과검증을 위해 실험집단과 통제집단의 상담관계, 의사소통, 교사효능감의 사전 사후 검사를 실시하고, 자료처리를 위한 통계방법으로 평균과 표준편차, 공변량(ANCOVA) 분석을 사용하였다. 효과 검증 결과, 실험집단은 상담관계, 의사소통, 교사효능감이 유의미하게 향상하였다. 프로그램의 지속적인 수정 보완 및 효과 검증 연구, 그리고 프로그램 보급의 방법에 관하여 논의하였다.

노쇠와 노인증후군

김창오 대한내과학회 2019 대한내과학회 추계학술대회 Vol.2019 No.2

건강충격이 빈곤화에 미치는 영향: 의료빈곤화 기전 탐색

김창오 한국보건사회연구원 2019 한국복지패널 학술대회 논문집 Vol.12 No.-

빈곤과 질병의 공존은 어렵지 않게 발견할 수 있는 현상이다. 특히 우리나라는 OECD 국가들 중 거의 유일하게 공식적인 상병수당이 부재한 국가이므로, 갑작스러운 질병에 의한 빈곤화 위험이 상당히 높을 것으로 생각된다. 본 연구는 우리나라에서 갑작스러운 건강악화가 빈곤화에 영향을 미치는지를 확인하고, 만일 그렇다면 어떠한 기전으로 의료빈곤화가 발생하는지를 규명하기 위하여 수행되었다. 연구대상자는 2007~2016년 한국복지패널에 연속적으로 참여한 13,670가구를 대상으로 하였다. 독립변수는 건강충격으로 전년도(t-1)에 가구원 중 어느 누구도 입원하지 않았지만, 금년도(t)에 30일 이상 가구원 입원이 발생한 경우로 정의하였다. 종속변수는 빈곤지위로 가처분소득빈곤, 재량소득빈곤, 절대소비빈곤의 세 가지 방법으로 측정하였고 건강충격 이전 3년부터 이후 4년까지의 변화(t-3~t+4)를 종단적으로 관찰하였다. 매개변수는 근로역량제한(비경제활동가구)과 의료비과다지출(재난적의료비)로 건강충격 1년 후 시점(t+1)에서 측정하였다. 분석방법은 성향점수 매칭방법(propensity score method)과 인과적 매개분석방법(classic+propensity model)을 사용하여 인과적 추론이 가능하도록 하였다. 연구결과 건강충격은 1년 후 재량소득빈곤율을 8.6%p 높이고, 1~2년 후 절대소비빈곤율을 6.2~8.0%p 높이는 유의한 빈곤 원인으로 나타났다. 인과적 매개분석을 통해 건강충격은 주로 노동시장이탈(근로역량제한 경로)을 통해 만성빈곤을 초래하는 것으로 나타났다. 결국 본 연구는 우리나라에서 의료빈곤화 현상이 실재하며 정책적 대안으로 상병수당 제도가 도입되어야 함을 제안한다.

TMA-포접화합물에 대한 계면활성제의 영향

김창오,정낙규,김진흥,오율권 朝鮮大學校 機械技術硏究所 2001 機械技術硏究 Vol.4 No.2

The purpose of this study is to investigate the propriety of TMA clathrate as a cold storage medium. Particularly, this is to examine the extent of subcooling improvement when the surfactants are added to the TMA clathrate, because water used cold storage material has low phase change temperature and subcooling. This study has been analyzed and compared with TMA 30wt% clathrate how phase change temperature, subcooling and specific heat in the various concentrations are changed. This results view to be improved phase change temperature and subcooling of TMA30wt% as a cold storage medium, then it had some surfactant. Additionally, it is that surfactant must be controlled under available solution limit and study for new additive must be lasted to know its effect.