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Hypertension Risk with Abacavir Use among HIV-Infected Individuals: A Nationwide Cohort Study
김정미,김정미,방지환,신주영,양보람,이중엽,박병주 연세대학교의과대학 2018 Yonsei medical journal Vol.59 No.10
Purpose: A high risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is reported for HIV-infected individuals. While a link between abacavir and CVD risk is suggested, an association between abacavir and hypertension remains unclear. This study evaluated hypertension risk with abacavir use in comparison to non-abacavir antiretroviral treatment (ART). Materials and Methods: From a nationwide cohort of HIV-infected individuals on their initial ART, 6493 who were free of hypertensionat baseline were analyzed. The use of ART was treated as a time-varying covariate measured as a daily unit. Incidence rate of hypertension was calculated, and Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence interval (CI) of incident hypertension overall and among subgroups. Results: From the 6493 participants, 24072 person-years (PY) of follow-up were contributed during 2008–2016. The incidence rates of hypertension were 4.6 and 3.6 per 100 PY for abacavir and non-abacavir ART users, respectively. The population attributablefraction of abacavir use on hypertension was 12%. Abacavir exposure did not elevate the risk of hypertension among overall study population [HR, 1.2 (95% CI, 1.0–1.4), p=0.061]. However, those with poor ART adherence, defined as a medication possessionratio <50% [HR, 1.9 (95% CI, 1.5–2.4), p<0.0001] or requiring prophylactic antibiotics [HR, 1.2 (95% CI, 1.0–1.3), p=0.023], were at risk of hypertension induced by abacavir, as were men, individuals aged ≥40 years, and patients visiting tertiary hospitals in urban areas. Conclusion: When present, poor ART adherence, requiring prophylactic antibiotics, male sex, and older age may warrant additionalconcern for hypertension in patients treated with abacavir.
김정미 한국일본근대학회 2016 일본근대학연구 Vol.0 No.54
사카구치 안고의 벚꽃 만개한 숲 아래의 주요 배경이 되는 벚꽃 만개한 숲에는 주요장치가 숨어있다. 안고는 벚꽃 만개한 숲을 아름다움의 절정을 보여주는 초자연 구역으로 설정하고, 그것과 상반되는 공포의 이미지를 ‘여자’의 잔혹함으로 표현했다. 그리고 산적이 만개한 벚꽃 숲에서 느꼈던 알 수없는 두려움은 초자연적 현상에 대한 공포라고 할 수 있다. 이 공포는 그 환경에서 벗어나면 저절로 사라지지만, 여자의 살기에서 파생되는 공포는 산적의 영혼을 파멸로 이끈다. 즉 안고는 산적을 파멸로 이끄는 여자의 요괴화를 통해 인간이 지닌 공포심과 두려움의 구체적 표상을 투상(投像)한 것이다. 이때 공포를 초래하는 객관적인 외부요인을 벚꽃 만개한 숲으로 설정하고, 흐드러진 꽃잎 등 절정의 아름다움과 대비되는 살의를 벚꽃나무 숲에 동시에 설치했다. 이것은 고전문학 세계에서도 언급된 자연의 초절정 상태가 심리적으로 인간의 불안이나 경계심을 자아내는 측면을 참고하여 설정한 공간이다. There are various story systems hidden in the woods of cherry blossoms in full bloom, the main background of <Under the Woods of Cherry Blossoms in full bloom> by Sakaguchi Ango. Ango sets the woods of cherry blossoms in full bloom as a supernatural boundary which shows ultimate beauty, and sets dreadful image contrary to a supernatural boundary by female cruelty. The fear which a bandit feels without reason is one for supernatural phenomenon. This fear naturally disappears when he gets out of the woods, but the fear from female threatening leads the bandit to destruction. By making a woman into a goblin who leads the bandit to ruin, Ango described essential fear of human beings. Ango sets the woods of cherry blossoms in full bloom as objective and outer factors which cause fear, and at the same time sets in the woods threatening contrary to the beauty of cherry blossoms in full bloom. These story systems devised by Ango show up in previous Japanese classics, and they are based on the idea that the ultimate beauty could cause human beings fear or wariness psychologically.
김정미,송하연,최효진,소금강,김대혁,채건상,한동민,장광엽 한국미생물학회 2015 The journal of microbiology Vol.53 No.1
The null pigmentation mutant (npgA1) in Aspergillus nidulansresults in a phenotype with colorless organs, decreased branchinggrowth, delayed of asexual spore development, andaberrant cell wall structure. The npgA gene was isolated fromA. nidulans to investigate these pleiomorphic phenomena ofnpgA1 mutant. Sequencing analysis of the complementinggene indicated that it contained a 4´-phosphopantetheinyltransferase (PPTase) superfamily domain. Enzymatic assayof the PPTase, encoded by the npgA gene, was implementedin vivo and in vitro. Loss-of-function of LYS5, which encodeda PPTase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, was functionally complementedby NpgA, and Escherichia coli-derived NpgA revealedphosphopantetheinylation activity with the elaborationof 3´5´-ADP. Deletion of the npgA gene caused perfectlya lethal phenotype and the absence of asexual/sexual sporulationand secondary metabolites such as pigments in A. nidulans. However, a cross feeding effect with A. nidulans wildtype allowed recovery from deletion defects, and phased-culturefiltrate from the wild type were used to verify that thenpgA gene was essential for formation of metabolites neededfor development as well as growth. In addition, forced expressionof npgA promoted the formation of conidia and cleistotheciaas well as growth. These results indicate that thenpgA gene is involved in the phosphopantetheinylation requiredfor primary biological processes such as growth,asexual/sexual development, and the synthesis of secondarymetabolites in A. nidulans.
영유아 대상 아동 상호작용 검사(CIBT)도구 개발 및 타당화 연구
김정미 한국유아특수교육학회 2019 유아특수교육연구 Vol.19 No.1
The purpose of this study was to develop and validate the Child Interactive Behavior Test(CIBT). A total of 810 parents with early childhood from 1 to 6 years participated in this study. As a result, initial items were developed and then reduced by conducting item content and factor analysis. Exploratory factor analysis showed that the CIBT consists of 32 items and four factors. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated a good model fit which suggests good construct validities. And there was a significant correlation between total and sub-dimension scores. CIBT demonstrated proper internal consistency and test-retest consistency and clear patterns of convergent validity. In conclusion, CIBT seem to be useful tools for assessing interactive behaviors for early childhood between 1 and 6 years. 본 연구에서는 일상 중 영유아의 상호작용 행동을 분석하기 위하여 중심축 행동에 기반한 아동 상호작용 검사 문항을 개발하고 검사도구의 타당도와 신뢰도를 검증하고자 하였다. 연구대상은 만 1∼6세 사이 영유아와 부모 810명이다. 먼저 선행연구 고찰을 통해 영유아의 상호작용 행동을 설명하는 문항 78개를 개발하여 내용타당도 검증을 통해 60문항을 선정하고 문항 적합성 분석을 통해 최종 32문항을 확정하였다. 확정된 문항에 대해 탐색적 요인분석 결과 4개 요인구조가 추출되었고 확인적 요인분석 결과 척도별 요인구조의 적합성을 검증하였다. 또한 아동 상호작용 검사 총점과 각 하위 요인 간의 상관계수도 높은 것으로 나타나 검사도구의 타당도를 검증하였다. 검사 도구의 신뢰도 검증을 위해 문항의 내적합치도와 검사-재검사 신뢰도 계수를 산출한 결과 양호한 수준으로 나타났다(p<.01). 따라서 본 검사는 만 1∼6세 사이 영유아의 상호작용 행동을 측정할 수 있는 타당하고 신뢰로운 도구임을 입증하였다.