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두 문화 논쟁(The Two Cultures debate)과 과학전쟁(The Science Wars): 인문학과 자연학 간의 갈등에 대한 교육학적 분석
김신애(Sin-eae Kim) 한국교육원리학회 2018 교육원리연구 Vol.23 No.1
본 논문은 자연학자들(nature studiers)과 인문학자들(human studiers) 간의 지적인 충돌이라 고 할 수 있는 1960년대의 <두 문화 논쟁(The Two Cultures debate)>과 1990년대의 <과학전쟁 (The Science Wars)>을 교육학적으로 분석한 것이다. 분석의 전제로서, ‘종적으로 상대적인 (vertically relative)’ 경험들 간의 갈등은 교육활동을 통하여 해소될 여지가 있다는 교육본위 론적 가정을 활용하였다. 1960년대의 <두 문화 논쟁>에서는 갈등의 양상을 보인 견해들 사이 에 종적상대성이 존재한다는 것이 논자들이 분야를 막론하고 견지했던 전제였다고 볼 수 있 는데, 1990년대의 <과학전쟁>에서는 갈등하는 견해들 사이의 종적상대성 자체가 더 이상 분 명하지 않게 된 측면이 있다. 종적상대성의 인식 여부와 정도에 따라 논자들이 보인 서로에 대한 교육의 양태 또는 입장에도 차이가 있었는데, 서로 다른 견해들 간의 종적상대성을 믿는 편에서는 대개 상대편의 무지에 대해 강하게 비난하거나 강압적인 태도를 보였으며, 종적상대 성보다는 횡적다양성에 더 무게를 두는 편에서는 다른 한 편을 설득하는 데에 미온적인 태도 를 보였다. 본 논문에서는 두 논쟁 중 특히 <과학전쟁>의 사례 분석을 통해 교육본위론의 이 론적 전제에도 의문점을 제시한다. 학문적 견해들 간의 종적상대성이 자연학과 인문학에 보편 적인 양상으로 존재한다고 할 수 있는가. This article is an analysis of two well-known intellectual conflicts between nature studiers and human studiers: the ‘Two Cultures debate’ in the 1960s and the ‘The Science Wars’ covering the 1990s. The theoretical framework adopted for the analysis is the Educational Epistemology, propounded by the Korean scholar Sang-ho Chang, having yet to be known widely in the international literature but, as the article shows, could be highly relevant to the analysis of the two debates. The Educational Epistemology proposes that some epistemological conflicts can bring education into play and, conversely, education could contribute to the resolution of them as well. According to the theory, the opinions of ‘vertical relativity’ could be resolved with educational activities. In this context, the article looks out for ‘vertically relative’ opinions in the two debates, while it tries to capture the type of interactions among the participants of the debates that have educational potential. In the Two Cultures debate of the 1960s, the perception of ‘vertical relativity’ is plainly expressed among leading polemics, though it does not lead much to educational cooperation. In the Science Wars of the 1990s, ‘vertical relativity’ itself is put into controversy. In comparing the opinions from each side, nature studiers tended to take the difference to be ‘vertical’, whereas human studiers tended to consider it ‘horizontal’. The difference in such judgments seems to have incurred irresolvable conflicts between the two groups. Both sides fail to invite others to educational cooperation as well: those who believe in ‘vertical relativity’ maintain a coercive manner, heavily charging the others for ignorance. Those who believe in diversity of opinions (‘horizontal relativity’) are meager in inviting others to educational interactions. The article also questions the universality of ‘vertical relativity’ across nature studies and human studies. ‘Vertical relativity’ seems to apply to intellectuals from both knowledge fields in the 1960s’ Two Cultures debate, but it does not seem to reflect the academic standards of human studies in the 1990s or the newly emerging interdisciplinary areas.
김신섭(Sin-Seop Kim),정구철(Goo-Churl Jeong) 한국콘텐츠학회 2015 한국콘텐츠학회논문지 Vol.15 No.5
본 연구는 목회자 아내들의 자아정체감이 주관적 웰빙에 미치는 영향에서 영적 체험과 우울의 매개효과를 검증하기 위해 수행되었다. 이를 위해 목회자 아내 138명을 대상으로 자료를 수집하였고, 매개효과 검증은 경로분석과 Sobel 검정을 통해 분석하였다. 연구결과, 첫째, 자아정체감과 영적 체험, 우울 및 주관적 웰빙 간에 유의한 정적 상관관계가 나타났으나, 영적 체험과 우울 간에는 유의한 상관관계가 나타나지 않았다. 둘째, 자아정체감과 주관적 웰빙 간의 관계에서 영적 체험과 우울의 매개효과는 유의하였다. 셋째, 자아정체감은 주관적 웰빙에 유의한 직접효과가 없었다. 넷째, 영적 체험은 우울에 유의한 직접효과가 없었다. 이러한 연구결과를 바탕으로 목회자 아내들의 자아정체감과 영적 체험이 행복을 증진시키는 데 미치는 영향에 대한 주요 시사점 및 후속연구에 대한 제언을 논의하였다. The purpose of this study was to identify the mediating effects of spiritual experience and depression between self-identity and subjective well-being. The subjects of this study were 138 pastor’s wives, and mediating effects were analysed through path analysis and Sobel test. As a result of analysis, first, there were significant relationships among self-identity, spiritual experience, depression, and subjective well-being, but not between spiritual experience and depression. Second, spiritual experience and depression had significant mediating effect within the relationship of self-identity and subject well-being. Third, self-identity had not significant direct effect on subjective well-being. Forth, spiritual experience had not significant direct effect on depression. Implications of these results were explored in relation to the importance of self-identity and spiritual experience that could be taken to improve subjective well-being. In addition, suggestions for future research were discussed.
김신효 ( Sin Hyo Kim ) 한국외국어대학교 언어연구소 2003 언어와 언어학 Vol.0 No.32
The purpose of this paper is to analyze assimilation in Russian by the Underspecification theory and Optimality theory. Underspecification theory is rule-based that was proposed with feature minimization in underlying representation. In this theory. certain values for all features are supplied by redundancy rules. and underlying representations are simplified. In process of assimilation in Russian underlying segments (m. n. l. r. j) are underspecified for feature value of (voiced]. Optimality theory is constraint-based and output oriented that provide optimal candidates by constraints and their hierarchy. This theory successfully provides optimal representations in process of assimilation in Russian. But it is still difficult to explain exceptions of assimilation. involving the softening. This paper deals with assimilation within morphemes with underspecified segments in the frame of Optimality theory and proposes the base of under-specification of sonorants by LICENSING. Finally. this paper presents that underspecification is necessary for descriptive adequacy in Optimality theory