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동아시아에서의 하이쿠의 전개양상과 번역 -한국과 중국을 중심으로-
김은철 한국일본어문학회 2007 日本語文學 Vol.33 No.-
東アジア、いわば韓國と中國での俳句の歷史や現況は意外によく知られていないのが現實である。それならば俳句は東アジアにどのように紹介され、受け入れられたのだろうか。そして、それが今の韓國と中國での俳句の存在樣相とどんな關係を持っているのか。また韓國語や中國語に飜譯される俳句の樣相の中で見られるのは何であろうか。本論文ではこのような疑問を持って、韓國と中國での俳句の歷史及びその存在樣相、飜譯例について調べることにした。俳句は明治時代以後に日本人移住民たちによって韓國と中國で根付き始めた。このように始まった俳句は、中國と韓國で新しい詩形式の誕生の土台となった。韓國の場合は、俳句に對する持續的な硏究を續けて來ながら、2006年に俳句の定型に基づいたK-HAIKU(韓俳)という新しい詩の形式を作り出す動きを見せており、韓國語で俳句を詠ずるK-HAIKU(韓俳)大會が開かれた。中國の場合は、1980年に俳句の<5·7·5>定型に基づいたHANPAI(漢俳)が作られた。また、俳句の飜譯においては、原詩の意味に對する正確な理解を深めること、それから定型詩の拘束力、いわゆる「創作の秩序」についての理解を土台にして、自國の多樣な讀者層を念頭にした多樣な「飜譯の基準」をどのように確立するかと言う問題についての樣樣な議論が展開されなければならない。
퀴롤논 내성 Campylobacter jejuni의 분리와 항균제 감수성
김은철,심은숙,성지남,김신무 대한임상검사과학회 1999 대한임상검사과학회지(KJCLS) Vol.31 No.2
. Campylobacter spp. are frequent cause of enteric infecton. Increased resistance of human isolates of Campylobacter was considered in part due to widespread animal use of antimicrobial agents. In Korea, our knowledge on both human and animal carriage of Campylobacter is very limited. In this study, 260 stool specimens were taken from healthy subjects in Soonchun and Iksan city, and intestinal contents of 231 chickens during the period between August 1998 to July 1999. The Isolaton rate of Campylobacter from healthy subjects was 1.9%, and the rate was higher in ≤10-year-old children. The isolation rate from healthy chicken was 66.3%, and the rate was highest in August (80%) and lowest in December (56.5%). All of the C. jejuni from chicken were susceptible to amikacin, clindamycin and gentamicin. The resistance rates were 97% to tetracycline, 82% to ciprofloxacin,nalidixic acid and co-trimoxazloe, 65% to ampicillin. All of the C. jejuni isolates from human were resistant to ampicillin and co-trimoxazole, while the rates were 67% for both ciprofloxacin and tetracycline. For C. jejuni, antimicrobial agents with lower MICs were imipenem ≤0.06 μg⁄ml, gentamicin 0.25 μg⁄ml, amikacin 0.5-4 μg⁄ml and kanamycin 2-8μg⁄ml. MIC ranges of ciprofloxacin and nalidixic acid were 0.06-64 μg⁄ml and 32-64 μg⁄ml, respectively. Susceptibilities to nalidixic acid and to ciprofloxacin were identical Ampicillin and tetracycline resistance rates were higher among nalidixic acid-resistant isolates than susceptible ones. In conclusion, human carriage rate of Campylobacter is very low, while the rate in chickens is very high. Fluoroquinolone resistance rate of C. jejuni is very high, but amikacin and gentamicin can be used empirically without susceptibility testing as resistance to these antibiotics seem to be rare.
가토 사체 보관 온도 및 안구 적출 시간에 따른 각막내피세포의 변화
김은철,이경택,김만수,Eun Chul Kim,M,D,Kyung Taek Lee,M,D,Man Soo Kim,M,D 대한안과학회 2008 대한안과학회지 Vol.49 No.2
`Purpose: To evaluate corneal endothelial cell changes in Optisol-GS? according to enucleation time at different storage temperatures after death. Methods: Eight rabbit cadavers (16 eyes) were stored at -3℃ and room temperature, and enucleation was performed 10 and 24 hours postmortem. The samples were divided into four groups (Group 1 was -3℃, 10 hours, Group 2 was room temperature, 10 hours, Group 3 was -3℃, 24 hours, and Group 4 was room temperature, 24 hours). The corneas were stored in Optisol-GS? at 4℃, and we measured corneal endothelial cell density and thickness by specular microscopy on days 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, and 14 of preservation. Results: The densities and thicknesses of corneal endothelial cells of each of the four groups after enucleation showed no significant difference. Corneal endothelial cell density acceptable for penetrating keratoplasty (CD>2500 cells/mm2) was found in groups 1 and 3 until 14 days, in group 2 until 10 days, and in group 4 until 7 days. In particular, eyes stored at -3℃ had less corneal endothelial cell loss than at room temperature after 7 days and 14 days (P<0.05). Conclusions: This study demonstrated that when rabbit cadavers were stored at -3℃, corneas could be preserved in Optisol-GS? for 14 days, even if the eyeballs from which they were prepared were extracted within 24 hours postmortem. Within 24 hours postmortem, the storing temperature of the cadavers was found to be more important than the enucleation time for the survival of corneal endothelial cells.`