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      • 국가 과학기술 활성화 방안 - 국가 과학기술 활성화 방안

        김은영,Kim, Eun-Yeong 한국과학기술단체총연합회 1999 과학과 기술 Vol.32 No.5

        국회과학기술연구회 창립 5주년 기념 심포지엄이 한국과학기술단체총연합회 주관으로 지난 4월 6일 한국과학기술회관 국제회의장에서 개최되었다. 이날 심포지엄에서는 김은영 과총부회장이 '국가 과학기술 활성화 방안(정부 조직개편에 즈음하여)'이라는 제목으로 주제발표를 했으며 국회에서 정의화의원, 정호선의원 그리고 박승덕 전한국표준과학연구원장, 임관 삼성종합기술원 회장, 중앙대 유성재교수 등이 토론자들로 나와 열띤 토론을 벌였다. 다음은 김은영 과총부회장의 주제발표를 정리한 것이다.

      • KCI등재

        High Expression of Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator Is Associated with Lymph Node Metastasis of Invasive Ductal Carcinoma of the Breast

        김은영,도성임,현기훈,박용래,김동훈,채승완,손진희,박찬흔 한국유방암학회 2016 Journal of breast cancer Vol.19 No.2

        Purpose: In the present study, we evaluated the levels of urokinase- type plasminogen activator (uPA) and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) by performing immunohistochemical staining to determine whether they were reliable prognostic markers in patients with breast cancer. Methods: Demographic and clinicopathological parameters of 214 patients with invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) and 80 patients with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) who were diagnosed and treated from 2006 to 2010 were analyzed. Tissue microarray was constructed and immunohistochemical staining was performed for each specimen. Results: Univariate analyses showed that age at diagnosis, history of hormone replacement therapy, radiation therapy, skin and chest wall invasion, Paget disease, lymphovascular invasion, estrogen receptor positivity, and triple-negative subtype were significantly associated with patient prognosis (p<0.005). Patients with DCIS showed higher PAI-1 expression than patients with IDC (82.5% and 36.2%, respectively; p=0.012). Lymph node metastasis was more frequent in patients with high uPA levels than in patients with low uPA levels (p=0.001). Conclusion: Our results suggested that PAI-1 was involved in tumor progression in the early stages of breast cancer, such as DCIS. In addition, our results suggested that high uPA levels were associated with the lymph node metastasis of IDC.

      • KCI등재
      • KCI등재

        PLC/PRF/5 인체 간암 세포에서 Luteolin에 의한 TRAIL 감수성 증가 효과

        김은영,김안근 대한암예방학회 2012 Journal of cancer prevention Vol.17 No.1

        Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), a member of the tumor necrosis factor super family, has been expected as a promising anticancer agent because of its ability to induce apoptosis in malignant cells but not in normal cells. However, some cancer cells have resistance mechanisms to TRAIL-mediated apoptosis. Strategies to enhance potential of TRAIL are therefore needed for effective TRAIL therapy. In this study, we showed that luteolin enhances TRAIL-induced cytotoxicity in PLC/PRF/5 human hepatocellular carcinoma cells, whereas acacetin, caffeic acid phenethyl ester, quercetin produces no effect. Synergistic induction of apoptosis was confirmed by flow cytometric analysis after annexin V/PI double staining. Also, PARP-cleavage and activation of effector caspases were significantly enhanced by TRAIL/luteolin combination compared to either agent alone. Furthermore, activation of Bid and Bax/Bcl-2 ratio up-regulation were markedly enhanced as well as caspase-8 and caspase-9 activation by TRAIL/luteolin combined treatment, suggesting that both extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathway are triggered in PLC/PRF/5 cells treated with TRAIL and luteolin combination.

      • KCI등재

        Modeling Brand Equity for Lifestyle Brand Extensions: A Strategic Approach into Generation Y vs. Baby Boomer

        김은영,Lynn Brandon 한국마케팅과학회 2010 마케팅과학연구 Vol.20 No.1

        Today, the fashion market challenged by a maturing retail market needs a new paradigm in the “evolution of brand” to improve their comparative advantages. An important issue on fashion marketing is lifestyle brand extension with a specific aim to meet consumers’ specific needs for their changing lifestyle. For fashion brand extensions into lifestyle product categories, Gen Y and Baby Boomer are emerging as “prospects”-baby boomers who are renovating their lifestyle, and generation Y experiencing changes in their life stage-with demands for buying new products. Therefore, it is optimistic that apparel companies pay special attention to the consumer cohort for brand extension to create and manage their brand equity in a new product category. The purposes of this study are to (a) evaluate brand equity between parent and extension brands; (b) identify consumers’ perceived marketing elements for brand extension; and (c) estimate a structural equation model for examining causative relationship between marketing elements and brand equity for brand extensions in lifestyle product category including home fashion items for the selected two groups (e.g., Gen Y, and Baby boomer). For theoretical frameworks, this study focused on the traditional marketing 4P’s mix to identify what marketing element is more importantly related to brand extension equity for this study. It is assumed that comparable marketing capability can be critical to establish “brand extension equity”, leads to successfully entering the new categories. Drawing from the relevant literature, this study developed research hypotheses incorporating brand equity factors and marketing elements by focusing on the selected consumers (e.g., Gen Y, Baby Boomer). In the context of brand extension in the lifestyle products, constructs of brand equity consist of brand awareness/association, brand perceptions (e.g., perceived quality, emotional value) and brand resonance adapted from CBBE factors (Keller, 2001). It is postulated that the marketing elements create brand extension equity in terms of brand awareness/association, brand perceptions by the brand extension into lifestyle products, which in turn influence brand resonance. For data collection, the sample was comprised of Korean female consumers in Gen Y and Baby Boomer consumer categories who have a high demand for lifestyle products due to changing their lifecycles. A total of 651 usable questionnaires were obtained from female consumers of Gen Y (n=326) and Baby Boomer (n=325) in South Korea. Structural and measurement models using a correlation matrix was estimated using LISREL 8.8. Findings indicated that perceived marketing elements for brand extension consisted of three factors: price/store image, product, and advertising. In the model of Gen Y consumers, price/store image had a positive effect on brand equity factors (e.g., brand awareness/association, perceived quality), while product had positive effect on emotional value in the brand extensions; and the brand awareness/association was likely to increase the perceived quality and emotional value, leading to brand resonance for brand extensions in the lifestyle products. In the model of Baby Boomer consumers, price/store image had a positive effect on perceived quality, which created brand resonance of brand extension; and product had a positive effect on perceived quality and emotional value, which leads to brand resonance for brand extension in the lifestyle products. However, advertising was negatively related to brand equity for both groups. This study provides an insight into fashion marketers for developing a successful brand extension strategy, leading to a sustainable competitive advantage. This study complements and extends prior works in the brand extension through critical factors of marketing efforts that affect brand extension success. Findings support a synergy effect on leveraging of fashion brand extensions (Aaker and Keller, 19...

      • KCI등재

        Diastolic Function in Patients with Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: Evaluation Using the Phase-contrast MRI Measurement of Mitral Valve and Pulmonary Vein Flow Velocities

        김은영,최연현,김성목,이상철,장성아,오재건 대한자기공명의과학회 2014 Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging Vol.18 No.4

        Purpose: Diastolic dysfunction is a common problem in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). The purposeof this study was to assess the role of MRI in the assessment of diastolic function using mitral valve and pulmonary veinflow velocities in HCM patients. Methods and Results: Phase-contrast MRI (mitral valve and pulmonary vein) and transthoracic echocardiography wassuccessfully performed for 59 HCM patients (44 men and 15 women; mean age, 51 years). Forty-nine patients had a diastolicdysfunction; grade 1 (n = 20), grade 2 (n = 27), and grade 3 (n = 2) using echocardiography, and ten patients hadnormal diastolic function. The transmitral inflow parameters (E, A, and E/A ratios) obtained by MRI showed positive correlationwith the same parameters measured by echocardiography (Pearson’s r values were 0.47, 0.60, and 0.75 for E, A,E/A, respectively, all P < 0.001). With the flow information of the pulmonary vein from cardiac MRI, pseudo-normalizedpattern (n = 8) could be distinguished from true normal filling pattern (n = 17), and the diastolic function grades by cardiacMRI showed moderate agreement with those of echocardiography (kappa value = 0.45, P < 0.001). Conclusions: Assessment of left ventricle diastolic function is feasible using phase-contrast MRI in HCM patients. Analysisof pulmonary vein flow velocity on MRI is useful for differentiating pseudo-normal from normal diastolic function in HCMpatients.

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