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김영생,조은경,우현선,홍준식,안희경,박인근,심선진,경선영,강신명,박정웅,정성환,박진희,이재훈,신동복 대한암학회 2016 Cancer Research and Treatment Vol.48 No.1
Purpose This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pemetrexed versus gefitinib in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) previously treated with chemotherapy. Materials and Methods Patients with advanced (stage IIIB or IV) or recurrent NSCLC were randomly assigned to receive either 500 mg/m! of pemetrexed intravenously every 3 weeks or gefitinib 250 mg/day orally. The primary end point was progression-free survival (PFS) at 6 months. Results A total of 95 patients were enrolled (47 for pemetrexed and 48 for gefitinib). Most patients were male (72%) and current/ex-smokers (69%), and 80% had non-squamous cell carci- noma. The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation status was determined in 38 patients (40%); one patient per each arm was positive for EGFR mutation. The 6-month PFS rates were 22% and 15% for pemetrexed and gefitinib, respectively (p=0.35). Both arms showed an identical median PFS of 2.0 months and a median overall survival (OS) of 8.5 months. In EGFR wild-type patients, higher response rate (RR) and longer PFS as well as OS were achieved via pemetrexed compared with gefitinib, although there were no signifi- cant differences (RR: 39% vs. 9%, p=0.07; median PFS: 6.6 months vs. 3.1 months, p=0.45; median OS: 29.6 months vs. 12.9 months, p=0.62). Toxicities were mild in both treatment arms. Frequently reported toxicities were anemia and fatigue for pemetrexed, and skin rash and anorexia for gefitinib. Conclusion Both pemetrexed and gefitinib had similar efficacy with good tolerability as second-line treat- ment in unselected patients with advanced NSCLC. However, pemetrexed is considered more effective than gefitinib for EGFR wild-type patients.
전정 유모세포에서 Minocycline 전 처리를 통한 Neomycin 이독성예방효과;Reactive Oxygen Species와 Caspase-3 활성억제
김영생,안진철,백인영,이정구,정재윤 대한이비인후과학회 2006 대한이비인후과학회지 두경부외과학 Vol.49 No.12
Background and Objectives:Aminoglycosides, a commonly used antibiotic agent, destroys the sensory hair cells in the cochlearand vestibular system leading to irreversible hearing loss and balance problem. Minocycline, a second-generation tetracyclineantibiotic, has been known to possess anti-apoptotic properties in addition to its antimicrobial action. We hypothesized thatminocycline would attenuate aminoglycosides induced vestibulotoxicity in rat utricles. Subjects and Method:Utricular maculaeprepared from postnatal day 3-4 rats were treated with neomycin alone or in combination with minocycline. For hair cell count,utricles were stained with phalloidin- FITC. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) was assessed using the fluorescent probe, hydrofluorescentdiacetate acetyl ester (H2DCFDA). Caspase-3 activity was also examined using the fluorescent caspase-3 substrate.Results:Neomycin induced dose-dependent loss of utricular hair cells. Minocycline reduced ROS production and caspase-3activation in neomycin treated utricular hair cells. Conclusion:Minocycline has protective effect in neomycin induced ototoxicityin rat utricle by inhibiting ROS production and caspase-3 activity. (Korean J Otolaryngol 2006;49:1159-64)
김영생 GS&J 인스티튜트 2008 GS&J 강좌자료 Vol.- No.-
○ 농업의 취업자는 감소하고 있으나 축산업은 증가하고 있다. 자영농가의 수는 지속적으로 감소하는 추세이나, 임금근로자수는 약하게나마 증가하는 추세이며 앞으로 농업도 임금근로자의 비중이 확대될 것으로 예상된다. ○ 농림업인의 학력은 중졸 이하가 다수이며, 다른 산업과 비교하여 3년 정도 교육연수가 짧은 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 학력의 차이는 농업의 변화와 효과적인 농림정책 수행에 상당한 한계요인으로 작용하고 있다고 판단된다. ○ 여성의 비중이 서서히 증가(52.8%(2001) → 55.25%(2005))하고 있고, 다른 산업(2005년, 42.12%)보다 13%포인트나 높았다. 특히 축산업( 29.80%(2001) → 42.59%(2005))에서 여성이 비중이 크게 증가하고 있다. ○ 월평균 농업소득은 다른 산업(175만원)의 약 50%에 불과하나 축산업(162만원), 조경식재 및 농업관련 서비스업(210만원)은 높은 편이었다. ○ 평균연령은 타산업이 44.5세이나 농업은 62.0세로 15세 이상 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났고, 특히 작물재배업은 62.5세로 가장 높고, 축산업은 53.6세로 낮았다. ○ 농업부문 인력을 직업별로 보면 지식서비스, 마케팅, 행정 등 지원인력이 증가하지 않는 것으로 나타나 산업의 고도화가 지체되고 있다고 판단된다. ○ 농업에서 임금근로자의 비중은 지속적으로 증가할 것으로 예상되므로 임금근로자 유입과 육성을 위한 지원 인프라 구축이 시급하며, 단기적으로 외국인 근로자의 활용도 필요하다. ○ 농업인적자원개발은 단기적인 기술교육 보다는 장기적인 관점에서 전반적인 학력을 높이는 평생학습 시스템 구축과 전문화된 고급교육의 두가지 방향의 전략이 필요하다.
EU의 무역 및 환경연계정책과 우리나라의 대EU무역에 미치는 영향
김영생,이종원 한국유럽학회 2003 유럽연구 Vol.17 No.-
There are several conflicts in terms of linkages between trade and environmental policies among EU, WTO, and the United States. We survey the principles underlying EU environmental policy in accordance with the phases in which the policy agendas are developed. Four phases of environmental developments in EU were strengthened by step by since the early 1970's. We report three issues which are appeared to be in conflicts in terms of linkage policy of trade and environment among EU, WTO, and the United States. They are concerned with the trade measures of multilateral environmental agreements, precautionary principle, and eco-labelling. EU urged that GATT XX should be revised to present precisely the trade measures pertaining to protection of the environments. And the precautionary principle should be accepted in the linkages between trade and environment as Biosafty Protocol of 2000. Mutual certification system of Eco-labelling of each countries should be extended. Environmental standards and policies of EU are at the high level compared with the United States and WTO. Impacts of the EU environmental trade barriers on Korean trade were reported.
김영생,조성두,송남원,이문옥,최현길 대한마취과학회 1997 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.32 No.1
Pulmonary atelectasis is a common complication following surgery under general anesthesia. However, collapse during anesthesia and surgery is rare, and usually is not diagnosed until the surgical procedure is well under way. Total or segmental lung collapses are usually resulted from the obstruction of bronchial pathway by secretions such as mucus, blood and pus etc. We experienced acute lung collapse of right upper lobe during left thoracotomy. We assumed that the cause of the atelectasis was an obstruction of right superior lobar bronchus by mucus. The possible cause of lung collapse is described. (Korean J Anesthesiol 1997; 32: 135∼138)