이수정 역(譯) 『신약마가젼복음셔언□』(1885)의 표기 특징 및 국어학적 의의

김성옥 ( Kim Seong-ok ) 국제어문학회 2021 국제어문 Vol.- No.90

이 연구는 이수정과 그의 역(譯) 『신약마가젼복음셔언□』(1885)에서의 격조사 및 음운현상의 표기 특징 등을 살피는 데 있다. 조선의 유학자 이수정은 1880년대에 일본에서 기독교 활등을 역동적으로 한 인물이다. 그의 역(譯)에 대한 주요 논의 내용은 다음과 같다. 먼저 격조사이다. 체언말 ‘ㅅ’과 ‘ㄹ’, 명사형 어미 ‘ㅁ’ 등의 환경에서는 당시의 표기형 및 표기자의 표기 관습 등이 보이긴 하나 체언과의 연쇄에서 대체로 분철표기라든가, 목적격과 주제격조사가 한글편지나 학부 편찬 개화기 교과서의 ‘□, □’과는 달리 ‘를’과 ‘는’으로 일관되는 등의 현대국어의 표기 특징들을 반영하고 있음을 살폈다. 음운현상의 경우도 평파열음화에서는 표기사적 변화에 따른 음소주의 표기법이 보인다. 하지만 어두제약현상에서 어두 ‘ㄹ’은 ‘ㄴ’과 ‘ㄹ’ 탈락형이, ‘i·y’ 앞의 어두 ‘ㄴ’은 유지형보다 ‘ㄴ’ 탈락형이 우세하다. 구개음화는 몇몇 용례 외에는 구개음화의 실현형이, 원순모음화는 형태소 내부에서는 실현형으로, 그렇지 않은 형태소 경계에서는 미실현형으로 출현하는 등 현대국어의 표기 특징들을 반영하고 있음을 살펴 논하였다. This study investigates Lee Sujeong and the characteristics of transcriptions in terms of case markers and phonological phenomenon in his translation of “Shinyak Magajeon Bokeumshyeo Eonhae” (1885). Lee Sujeong, a Confucian in the Joseon Dynasty, is a person had Christian activity dynamically in Japan in the 1880s . The main points for discussion in his translation is as follows . First, this study revealed that he reflected the characteristics of transcriptions in modern Korean, such as mostly showing syllable transcriptions in a connection with nouns and to be consistent in using “를” and “는” differently with the appearance of “□” and “□” in Korean or the textbooks of the enlightened period for the objective case and subject case, respectively. However, it shows transcription custom of transcribed person in a specific environment such as noun final “ㅅ” and “ㄹ” and nominal ending “ㅁ” in the case of case markers, which is the limitation of personal translation. This study also revealed that it reflected the characteristic of transcriptions in modern Korean such as “ㄴ” and “ㄹ” elimination is superior at the beginning of word “ㄹ” and “ㄴ” elimination is superior than maintain at the beginning of word “ㄴ” in 3front of “i·y” in the beginning of word constraint phenomenon. Palatalization is shown excluding several usages, realization inside morphemes and un-realization at the boundary of morphemes not inside in vowel rounding though phonemic transcriptions according to transcriptive change of flat closed negative is shown in phonological phenomenon.

『國漢會語』(1895)의 초·종성 관련 표기에 대한 연구

김성옥(Seong-ok Kim) 한국언어문학회 2024 한국언어문학 Vol.128 No.-

This study examined the notation patterns in 『Gukhan-Hoeeo』, specifically focusing on Yeoncheol (connected spelling), Jungcheol (double spelling), and Buncheol (separating spelling), the notation of tense consonants in word-initial and word-medial positions, the representation of ‘ㄴ·ㄹ’, and the spelling patterns of ‘ㅅ·ㄷ' at the end of nouns and stems, including consonant clusters. Thus, first, Yeoncheol notation in 『Gukhan-Hoeeo』 is primarily found at the end of stems, particularly with ‘ㄹ·ㄷ'. Jungcheol notation is mostly observed with ‘ㅅ' at the end of nouns and stems. Furthermore, as Buncheol notation became dominant, the study found that over-segmentation also appeared quite frequently in 『Gukhan-Hoeeo』. Second, regarding the notation of tense consonants in word-initial positions, 93.9% of the entries in the Supplementary Index use the Hapyong-Byeongseo of the ‘ㅅ' series, while 90.7% of the entries in the 24 Rows Index use Gakja-Byeongseo. For the notation of tense consonants in word-medial positions, the study discusses the evolutionary process of tense consonant representation through forms such as ‘ㅅ$plain consonant,’ ‘ㅅ$Hapyong-Byeongseo’, ‘Hapyong-Byeongseo’, ‘plain consonant$plain consonant,’ and ‘Gakja-Byeongseo.’ Third, regarding the notation of ‘ㄴ·ㄹ' in word-initial and word-medial positions, Sino-Korean words generally retain their original forms. In contrast, native Korean words exhibit a mix of elision and retained forms in word-initial positions. In word-medial positions, forms such as ‘ㄹ$ㄹ,’ ‘ㄴ$ㄹ,’ and ‘ㄹ$ㄴ’ are typically written as ‘ㄹ$ㄴ,’ though instances of ‘ㄹ$ㅇ’ or ‘ㄹ$ㄹ’ are also occasionally found. Fourth, at the end of nouns and stems, the representation of ‘ㅅ·ㄷ' typically takes the form of ‘ㅅ.' As for consonant clusters, ‘ㄺ’ tends to be retained forms, while others like ‘ㅄ·ㄱㅅ’ at the end of nouns and ‘ㄻ·ㄼ·ㄹㅌ·ㅀ·ㅄ·ㄵ’ at the end of stems are largely simplified forms.

자긍심과 스포츠 및 사회적 , 학문적 활동에서의 성공과 실패에 대한 귀인

김성옥 ( Seong Ok Kim ) 한국스포츠심리학회 1998 한국스포츠심리학회지 Vol.9 No.1

주제격 ‘안 /은/난 /는’과 목적격 ‘알/을/랄 /를’의 단일화에 대한 일고찰

김성옥(Kim, Seong-ok) 국어국문학회 2018 국어국문학 Vol.0 No.183

The purpose of this study is to diachronically analyze the unification process of the subject case, ‘안/은/난/는’, and the objective case, ‘알/을/랄/를’, of Hangeul Letters from the 16<SUP>th</SUP> to 19<SUP>th</SUP> centuries. Therefore, when the nominal stem final is a closed syllable, Hangeul Letters from the Kims of Suncheon in the mid-16<SUP>th</SUP>century showed more ‘CVC+안→CV$C안’ form and ‘CVC+알→CV$C알’ form, phonetic notation and a connection of subject case ‘안’ and the objective case ‘알’ rather than ‘CVC+은→CVC$은’ form and ‘CVC+을→CVC$을’ form, notation of separating spelling, a connection of ‘은’ and ‘을’. However, in the Hangeul Letters from the Gwak of Hyeonpung in the 17<SUP>th</SUP> century, use of ‘CVC+안→CV$C안’ form and ‘CVC+알→CV$C알’ form was decreased due to the common use of notation of separating spelling. In the Hangeul Letters from the Song of Eunjin after the 18<SUP>th</SUP> century, ‘안’ and ‘알’ didn’t appear other than in connection with noun final ‘ㅅ’. It was mostly with notation of separating spelling and ‘CVC+은→CVC$은’ form and ‘CVC+을→CVC$을’ form, a connection of the subject case ‘은’ and the objective case ‘을’, appeared. On the other hand, unlike closed syllables where the change of subject case was ‘난/는>는’ and the object was ‘랄/를>를’, for the nominal stem final in open syllables from 16<SUP>th</SUP> century Hangeul Letters to 19<SUP>th</SUP> century Hangeul Letters, the subject case ‘난/는’ and the objective case ‘랄/를’ appeared rarely as ‘는’ and ‘를’, but mostly appeared with ‘ㆍ’ such as ‘난’ and ‘랄’. Therefore, in the Hangeul Letters of the 16<SUP>th</SUP>∼19<SUP>th</SUP> cneturies, the subject case ‘안/은/난/는’ and the objective case ‘알/을/랄/를’ showed the changes of ‘안 /은>은 and ‘알/을>을’ when the nominal stem final was a closed syllable, but when the nominal stem final was an open syllable, it showed the unified aspect of the subject case as ‘난’ and the object ‘랄’ in the mid·late 16<SUP>th</SUP> century and showed notional tendency as ‘난’ and ‘랄’ until the 19<SUP>th</SUP> century.

동춘당 송준길家 한글간찰에 대한 음운론적 고찰

김성옥(Kim, Seong-ok) 충남대학교 충청문화연구소 2014 충청문화연구 Vol.13 No.-

This thesis is a phonological study of Dongchundang Song Junogil’s family, 80 korean letters from the late of 19th century to the early of 20th century. As the result, I identified the orthography consevation by writers even though korean letters are colloquial styles. That is to say, spellings of liasion, simplification of consonant cluster, semi vowel phenomenon and ‘ye+i/y’ are colloquial characters but ‘ · [?], no application round vowelization, syllable structure ‘yui(ㅠㅣ)’, ‘consonant+ui(의)’ are reflected writer’s orthography consevation. The time of enlightenment is a short period compared with middle, modern ages. However this time is a bridge between those ages. Therfore this thesis could identified characters through linguistic changes.

태권도 경기에서 자기효능감과 퍼포먼스

김성옥(Seong Ok Kim),박기헌(Ki hun Park) 한국스포츠심리학회 1999 한국스포츠심리학회지 Vol.10 No.1

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스포츠활동에서 학습된 무력감 극복과 자신감 향상을 위한 귀인 재훈련

김성옥(Seong Ok Kim) 한국스포츠심리학회 2001 한국스포츠심리학회지 Vol.12 No.1

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16∼19세기한글간찰에서의처격형에대한고찰(Ⅰ)

김성옥(Kim Seong-ok) 한글학회 2018 한글 Vol.- No.320

본 연구는 16~19세기 한글 간찰을 대상으로 각 시기별 한글 간찰에서의 처격 양상과 처격의 변화 과정을 통시적으로 분석함을 목적으로 하였다. 그리하여 16~19세기 한글 간찰에서는 처격이 ‘에’로의 확산이 아닌 처격 ‘의’로의 확산 과정을 보임을 살필 수 있었다. 일테면 16세기 중반 순천김씨 한글 간찰에서는 15세기의 처격인 ‘애/에/예’와 ‘/의’가 모두 쓰인 가운데, 1세대에서는 처격이 ‘:의=52.8%:15.8%’와 ‘애:에:예=7.7%:14.6%:8.9%’의 빈도율을 보이고, 2세대에서는 ‘:의=17.7%:46.6%’와 ‘애:에:예=4.4%:20.9%:11.1%’의 빈도율을 보인다. 이로써 이 한글 간찰에서는 15세기와는 달리 ‘애/에’보다는 ‘/의’가 더 많이 쓰인 가운데 1세대에서는 ‘’와 ‘의’ 중에 ‘’가 많이 쓰인 반면 2세대에서는 ‘의’가 보다 많이 쓰였음을 알 수 있었다. 17세기 초반 현풍곽씨 한글 간찰에서는 1세대에서는 ‘:의=1:57’의 빈도를, 2세대에서는 ‘:의=6:70’의 빈도를 보이는 등, 처격 ‘’는 1세대와 2세대 모두 약화됨을 보인다. 그리고 ‘애/에’ 또한 1세대에서는 ‘애:에=13.5%:34.8%’ 등으로 보이다가 2세대에 가서는 ‘애, 에’가 전체 5%의 빈도율만 보이는 등, ‘’와 함께 ‘애/에’도 급격히 약화됨을 보이는 데 반해, 처격 ‘의’는 전체 처격의 70% 정도가 쓰일 만큼 그 쓰임이 확산됨을 알 수 있었다. 17세기 중반~18세기 중반의 송규렴가와 송준길가 한글 간찰에서는 순천김씨와 현풍곽씨 한글 간찰에서 이미 생산성의 약화를 보인 처격 ‘애/에’는 발견되지 않는다. 반면 처격 ‘의’는 전체 처격의 70~80% 이상의 빈도율을 보일 만큼 높은 생산성을 보인다. 더 나아가 18세기 후반~19세기에 가서는 김성일파 종택 한글간찰에서의 19세기 초 · 중반 김진화의 딸들과 며느리인 진성이씨 한글간찰의 경우, 처격 ‘예’의 6.3%(9회)를 제외하고는 처격이 모두 ‘의’로만 쓰이고, 추사 김정희 한글 간찰에서는 처격의 98.8%가 ‘의’로만 쓰일 만큼 이 시기에는 처격이 대부분 ‘에’가 아닌 ‘의’가 쓰였음을 알 수 있었다. This study is intended to examine the shapes of locatives and the change process of the Korean Letters for each era during the 16<SUP>th</SUP> to 17<SUP>th</SUP> Centuries. Thus, in the Korean Letters during the 16<SUP>th</SUP> to 17<SUP>th</SUP> Centuries, it was examined that the locatives used not to be expanded to ‘에’, but to ‘의’. For example, in a Korean letter written by Mrs. ‘Kim’ from ‘Suncheon Kim Kindred’ during around the middle of Chosun Dynasty, all of the locatives of the 15<SUP>th</SUP> Century, that is, ‘: 의=52.8%:15.8% (Frequency)’ and ‘애:에:예=7.7%:14.6%:8.9% (Frequency)’ used to be used during the 1<SUP>st</SUP> generation. During the 2<SUP>nd</SUP> generation, ‘애:의= 17.7%:46.6% and 애:에:예=4.4%:20.9%:11.1%’ used to be used. Therefore, in the Korean letters, ‘애:의’ used to be used more frequently compared to ‘애:에’ unlike the 15<SUP>th</SUP> Century. During the 1st Generation, ‘’ was used more frequently than ‘의’ among ‘애:의’. On the other hand, during the 2<SUP>nd</SUP> Generation, ‘의’ was used more than ‘’. In the Korean Letters written by Mr. “Kwak” from the ‘Hyunpoong Kwak Kindred’, ‘애:의’ were used at the frequency of ‘1:57’ during the 1<SUP>st</SUP> Generation and at ‘6:70’ during the 2<SUP>nd</SUP> Generation. Thus, locative of ‘’ was less used during the 1<SUP>st</SUP> and 2<SUP>nd</SUP> Generations. And also, ‘애:에’ were used at the frequencies of 13.5%:34.8% during the 1<SUP>st</SUP> Generation, but at only 5% for both locatives during the 2<SUP>nd</SUP> Generation. So, the use frequencies of ‘애:에’ as well as ‘’ were reduced rapidly. On the other hand, the locative, ‘의’ was rapidly more used dominating around 70% of the total locatives during those eras. In the Korean Letters written by ‘The Family of Mr. Gyu-ryem Song’ and ‘The Family of Mr. Joon-gil Song’ during the period from the middle of the 17<SUP>th</SUP> Century to the 18<SUP>th</SUP> Century, ‘애:에’ which used to be less used in the Korean Letters by Mrs. Kim from ‘Suncheon Kim Kindred’ and Mr. Kwak from the ‘Hyunpoong Kwak Kindred’ were not used at all. On the other hand, the locative, ‘의’ used to be used at a frequency of 70 to 80% in their letters. Moreover, during late 18<SUP>th</SUP> Century to the 19<SUP>th</SUP> Century, in the Korean letters written by the nobles living in the head family house of the ‘Mr. Sung-il Kim Family Kindred’ and in the Korean letters written by the daughters of Mr. Jin-hwa Kim during early and middle of the 19<SUP>th</SUP> Century and by Mrs. Lee from ‘Jinsung Lee Family Kindred’ who was his daughter in law, except for the locative, ‘예’ at the frequency of 6.3%, only the locative, ‘의’ was used. And in the Korean letters written by Mr. Jung-hee Kim nicknamed by ‘Choosa’, 98.8% of the locatives was ‘의’. So, it was found that ‘의’ used to be mostly used rather than ‘에’ during that period.

1900〜1930년대 어문규범을 중심으로 한 형태주의 표기법으로의 과정 연구

김성옥(Kim, Seong-ok) 국어국문학회 2021 국어국문학 Vol.- No.197

The historical transfpormation of Korean writing since the creation of Hunminjeongeum can be understood as the progress through which phonemebased orthography, centered on sound, changes to morpheme-based orthography, centered on the original form of morpheme. Hangul which was exclusively used by general public was used in rather unorganized fashion until the late 19th century, and the main subject that rose to attention after the year of 1894 when Hangul was officially designated as the national language of Korea was the standardization of Hangul writing. Modern Hangul orthography which use morpheme-based orthography is the result of the policy designating process of linguistic norms determined during those periods. Thus this study investigates the transformation process from phoneme-based orthography to morpheme-based orthograpyhy which was at the center of conflicts involving spelling by discussing rules on final consonants in 〈Draft Recommendations for National Script Research〉(1909) by National Script Research Institute, 1‧2‧3rd version of Language Policy released by Joseon Governor General Office(1912‧1921‧1930), and 〈Unification of Hangul Orthography〉(1933) by Academic Circle of the Korean Language. During the process the study seeks to understand and emphasize the purpose and goal of the Japanese Governor General Office in eacting and amending Language Policy, the role of Academic Circle of the Korean Language in establishing morhpme-based orthography, and background history and formation process of modern Hangul orthography which is oriented toward morpheme-based orthography.

지역사회 정신보건사업기관의 효율성 평가 - 비율분석과 자료포락분석 방법을 적용하여 -

김성옥(Seong Ok Kim),문옥륜(Ok Ryun Moon) 한국보건경제정책학회 2000 보건경제와 정책연구 Vol.6 No.2

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