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김병환,류동수,오태희 대한비뇨의학회 2008 Investigative and Clinical Urology Vol.49 No.5
Purpose: Simple prostatectomy has been a mainstay of therapy for patients with large prostatic adenoma. We describe laparoscopic approach for resection of large prostatic adenoma as an alternative to open simple prostatectomy. Materials and Methods: From July 2006 to May 2007 we performed Laparoscopic simple prostatectomy on 10 patients who were diagnosed with clinically benign prostate hyperplasia(maximal urine flow rate(MFR) ≤10ml/sec, International Prostate Symptom Score(IPSS) ≥12 scores, and prostate weight ≥75g). The steps of our extraperitoneal 5 port technique were longitudinal cystotomy, subcapsular plane development, enucleation of the obstructing prostatic adenoma, insertion of Spongospan into the prostatic fossa, traction of 22Fr balloon catheter and suture repair of cystotomy. Results: We successfully performed the operation in all cases without conversion. The mean patient age is 68.1 years old(60-73). The mean preoperative PSA, prostate volume were 8.8ng/ml(1.8-16.9), 97g(74.1- 120.6). The mean operating time and estimated blood loss were 204min (160-275) and 720ml(300-1,200). The resected mass weight was 45.5g (23-70). There were no major complications. The mean hospitalization stay and drain remove days were 11.3 days(9-14) and 5.6 days(4-8). The mean preoperative MFR, IPSS/quality of life(QoL) and were 2.8ml/sec(0-9.6), 25/5(14-35/4-6) and 270ml(250-310). At 3 months postoperatively, the mean MFR, IPSS/QoL and residual urine volume were 15.6ml/sec(12-23), 10/2.6(5-12/2-4) and 16.75(10-40). Conclusions: Laparoscopic simple prostatectomy could be a useful method for the treatment of large benign prostate hyperplasia. However, more experiences and comparative studies are needed to document the safe and effect compared to open prostatectomy and transurethral resection of prostate. (Korean J Urol 2008;49:418-423) Purpose: Simple prostatectomy has been a mainstay of therapy for patients with large prostatic adenoma. We describe laparoscopic approach for resection of large prostatic adenoma as an alternative to open simple prostatectomy. Materials and Methods: From July 2006 to May 2007 we performed Laparoscopic simple prostatectomy on 10 patients who were diagnosed with clinically benign prostate hyperplasia(maximal urine flow rate(MFR) ≤10ml/sec, International Prostate Symptom Score(IPSS) ≥12 scores, and prostate weight ≥75g). The steps of our extraperitoneal 5 port technique were longitudinal cystotomy, subcapsular plane development, enucleation of the obstructing prostatic adenoma, insertion of Spongospan into the prostatic fossa, traction of 22Fr balloon catheter and suture repair of cystotomy. Results: We successfully performed the operation in all cases without conversion. The mean patient age is 68.1 years old(60-73). The mean preoperative PSA, prostate volume were 8.8ng/ml(1.8-16.9), 97g(74.1- 120.6). The mean operating time and estimated blood loss were 204min (160-275) and 720ml(300-1,200). The resected mass weight was 45.5g (23-70). There were no major complications. The mean hospitalization stay and drain remove days were 11.3 days(9-14) and 5.6 days(4-8). The mean preoperative MFR, IPSS/quality of life(QoL) and were 2.8ml/sec(0-9.6), 25/5(14-35/4-6) and 270ml(250-310). At 3 months postoperatively, the mean MFR, IPSS/QoL and residual urine volume were 15.6ml/sec(12-23), 10/2.6(5-12/2-4) and 16.75(10-40). Conclusions: Laparoscopic simple prostatectomy could be a useful method for the treatment of large benign prostate hyperplasia. However, more experiences and comparative studies are needed to document the safe and effect compared to open prostatectomy and transurethral resection of prostate. (Korean J Urol 2008;49:418-423)
김병환,한승수,박재영,홍상진 한국물리학회 2006 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.49 No.III
Temperature effects on the deposition rate of silicon nitride films were characterized by building a neural network prediction model. The silicon nitride films were deposited by using a plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition system and process parameter effects were systematically characterized by 26.1 fractional factorial experiment. The process parameters include a radio frequency power, pressure, temperature, SiH4, N2, and NH3 flow rates. The prediction performance of generalized regression neural network (GRNN) was considerably improved by optimizing multi-valued training factors using a genetic algorithm (GA). Compared to the conventional model, GA-GRNN model demonstrated an improvement of more than 70 %. Several 3-D plots were generated to interpret temperature effects at various plasma conditions. It is noticeable that typical effects of SiH4 and NH3 flow rate were observed only at higher and lower temperatures, respectively. Depending on the levels of SiH4 (or higher NH3) flow rate, the temperature effects were quite different. Deposition mechanisms were qualitatively estimated.
Prediction of surface microtrenching by using neural network
김병환,김동환,박재영,한승수 한국물리학회 2007 Current Applied Physics Vol.7 No.4
Silicon oxynitride films were etched in a C2F6 inductively coupled plasma. A prediction model of microtrenching depth (MD) was constructed by using a neural network and a genetic algorithm. For a systematic modeling, etching data were collected by using a statistical experimental design. The process parameters and ranges were 400–1000 W, 30–90 W, 6–12 mTorr, and 30–60 sccm for source power, bias power, pressure, and C2F6 flow rate, respectively. The root mean-squared prediction error of the constructed model was about 0.019. The model was utilized to generate 3-D plots, which were used to examine etch mechanisms under various plasma conditions. Depending on the plasma conditions, parameter effects on MD were quite different. For most of the parameter variations, MD variations were strongly related to profile angle variations. The effect of bias power on MD seems to be dominated by polymer deposition due to the variations in C2F6 flow rates maintained in the chamber.