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가상공간에서의 표현의 자유와 온라인 서비스 제공자의 책임
金同根 한국기업법학회 2001 企業法硏究 Vol.7 No.-
There are no limitations regulating the expressions on the cyberspace due to internet's of quality anonymity · diversity · spontaneity. Therefore, the freedom of speech is expanded in both areas of time and space, which was impossible with the old communicating system. However, there are not only good effects but also side effects such as any different kinds of viruses including CIH and love which have had serious and negative results to many countries' and companies' computer network systems which had been invaded by the viruses using hacking or cracking, distribution of obscene pictures and information, defamation by slandering other persons' writings, the infringement of intellectual property right like copyright and trademark right, the destruction of cyberspace transactions with passwords revealed, murder by commission and acceptance and abetting suicide by making sites for suicide; all are unacceptable in the real world. Especially, the damage from the above side effects on the cyberspace can be much more serious than in the real world because of promptness, wideness and anonymity. Therefore, regulating and controling the freedom of speech on the cyberspace became needed, and there are two kinds of opinion; one is that the laws in the real world should be applied for the cyberspace an the other is that regulating and controling the freedom of speech on the cyberspace should be performed by the users of cyberspace not by laws because the cyberspace is a free space and must not be interfered. In this study, the current judicial regulation of cyberspace, the side effects of cyberspace and the limitations of the freedom of speech are studied to solve the above problems with the assumption that the Constitution and other laws ca be applied for cyberspace and the assurance of the freedom of speech and the liabilities of on-line service providers are discussed around defamation the distribution of obscene pictures and information, and infringement of copyright.
A Robust Modified Cox Test for Time Series Models
김동근 한국자료분석학회 2005 Journal of the Korean Data Analysis Society Vol.7 No.4
We reexamine the modified Cox test by Kim(2005) and propose a robust modified Cox test that does not require normality assumption. This approach can extend its applicability to more various time series models from asymmetric conditional distributions or thicker tail distributions than normal distribution. Some small finite sample simulation experiments show that this proposed test performs well in different sample sizes. The empirical applications to two time series data sets are also performed.
김동근 한국식물병리학회 2001 식물병연구 Vol.7 No.2
Meloidogyne arenaria race 2 (59%) is widely distributed, followed by M. incognita race 1 (23%), and an unknown race of M. incognita (18 %) in greenhouses in southern Korea. The key character to distinguish between M. arenaria and M. incognita is excretory pore in female head. When oriental melon, Cucumis melo L., grafted on Shintozoa (Cucurbit maxima x Cu. moschata) is transplanted in February in a plastic tunnel inside a greenhouse infested with M. arenaria, nematodes produced egg masses on roots at 40 days after transplanting and the soil juveniles (J2) population reach maximum in July to 3,817/100 ㎤. Juveniles are distributed relatively uniform over the 180-cm-wide row horizontally and the highest density occurs at 0-25 cm soil depth. For the control of root-knot nematodes, rice rotation, solarization, and soil addition treatments are the most effective (P=0.05); treatments reduce number of J2 over 90% and increase yield two times. Corn retation, fosthiazate, and soil drying treatment are moderately effective, while sesame and green onion rotations are not effective. The relationship between M. arenaria and yield of oriental melon is adequately described by a linear regression model. In the test with wild Cucumis genetic sources introduced from U.S.Dept. of Agriculture (USDA), one of C.heptadactylus, two of C.anguria, two of C. anguria var. longaculeatus, nine of C. metuliferus are resistant to both species of root-knot nematodes.
김동근,안지혁,황미진,이연희,강수경,어규식,홍정표,전양현 대한안면통증∙구강내과학회 2016 Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain Vol.41 No.2
Purpose: This study was designed to evaluate the comparison between the subjective and the objective evaluation of pain control effect in masticatory muscle pain depending on time and dose change. Methods: The patients were recruited to this study and diagnosed according to the Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC/TMD). Experimental group were divided into three groups; saline injection group (n=10), morphine 1.5 mg injection group (n=10), and morphine 3.0 mg injection group (n=10). Evaluation list was the subjective pain evaluation (visual analogue scale, McGill pain questionnaire) and the objective pain evaluation (pressure pain threshold [PPT], pressure pain tolerance [PTO]). The subjective and the objective pain evaluation were performed at the times of just before injection, 10 minutes, 30 minutes, 1 hour, 24 hours, and 48 hours after injection. Then, data were statistically analyzed. Results: The results were as follows: 1) There is no statistically significant difference between the results of the subjective and the objective pain evaluation with regard to the shortterm (within 1 hour) analgesic effect of morphine sulfate. 2) However, after 1 hour of injection, while the subjective pain evaluation score still decreased, the objective pain evaluation didn’t show significant changes in PPT and PTO (1 hour, p<0.05; 24 hours, p<0.01; 48 hours, p<0.001). 3) In comparison to changes in the dose, the McGill pain questionnaire was the most statistically effective method among the subjective pain evaluations (1.5 mg, p<0.05; 3 mg, p<0.01). Conclusions: Therefore, it was revealed that the subjective pain evaluation was more effective to evaluate long-term pain control, and that the McGill pain questionnaire could be an effective way to evaluate pain control depending on dose changes. It requires further investigations with time and dose extension
김동근,김민경,배성화,고성애,박성우,김현제,김명진,장효진,이경희,이관호,정진홍,신경철,현명수 영남대학교 의과대학 2011 Yeungnam University Journal of Medicine Vol.28 No.1
Background The optimal timing of treatment with EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKI) in NSCLC patients has not yet been determined. Methods We separated 228 patients with advanced/metastatic NSCLC treated with gefitinib into an early gefitinib group (patients who received gefitinib as first- or second-line treatment) and a delayed gefitinib group (patients who received gefitinib as third or fourth-line treatment) and attempted to determine whether the timing of gefitinib treatment affected clinical outcomes. Results Median overall survival (OS), progression free survival (PFS), and median OS from first-line treatment of advanced/metastatic disease (OSt) for 111 patients in the early gefitinib group were 6.2 months, 3.3 months, and 11.6 months. However, median OS, PFS, and OSt for 84 patients in the delayed gefitinib group were 7.8 months, 2.3 months, and 22.7 months. No differences in OS and PFS were observed between the 2 groups. However, OSt was significantly longer in the delayed gefitnib group. Timing of gefitinib therapy was one of the independent predictors of OSt. Hb ≥ 10 g/dl, and having never smoked, and ECOG performance status ≤1 were independent predictors of better PFS. Conclusion Deferral of gefitinib therapy in patients with advanced or metastatic NSCLC may be preferable if they are able to tolerate chemotherapy.