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김서린 ( Seo Rin Kim ),류은경 ( Eun Kyung Rheu ),설영미 ( Young Mi Seol ),차동혁 ( Dong Heuck Cha ),이수진 ( Su Jin Lee ),윤연경 ( Yeun Kyung Yoon ),박순미 ( Soon Mi Park ),김형회 ( Heyung Hoe Kim ),류학선 ( Hak Sun Rheu ),안순철 대한내과학회 2007 대한내과학회지 Vol.73 No.3
목적: 최근 내원한 치료력이 없는 사람면역결핍바이러스 감염환자에서 전파된 내성바이러스의 빈도를 알아 보고자 하였다. 방법: 2005년 3월 1일부터 2006년 7월 30일까지 부산대학교병원에 처음 내원한 사람면역결핍바이러스 감염환자 중 항레트로바이러스제 치료력이 없는 환자들을 대상으로 하였다. HIV-1 유전형 내성 검사는 ViroSeq(TM) HIV-1 Genotyping System을 사용하였다. 유전형 내성은 International AIDS Society-USA panel의 2005년 합의 지침을 근거로 하여 한 가지 이상의 내성관련 돌연변이가 존재할 때로 정의하였으며, 유전적 아형은 pol 유전자 염기서열을 염기서열분석 프로그램(REGA HIV-1 Subtyping Tool-Version 2.0 과 NCBI Blast genotyping tool)을 이용하여 분석하였다. 결과: 대상 기간 중 42명의 환자에서 유전형 내성 검사가 시행되었다. 환자들의 평균 나이는 42세였으며 남자 37명(88%), 여자가 5명(12%)이었다. 정중 CD4 세포 수는 136/mm3, 평균 혈장 HIV-1 RNA 정량 검사 결과 역가는 4.98 log copies/mL이었다. 유전적 아형은 B형이 38명이었으며 CRF01 AE 2명, CRF02 AG 1명 및 A 형이 1명이었다. 42명 중 2 (4.8%)명에서 뉴클레오시드 역전사효소 억제제(NRTI)에 내성관련 돌연변이가 존재하였으며(V118I), 비뉴클레오시드 역전사효소 억제제 내성과 단백분해효소 억제제에 주 내성인 경우는 없었다. 42명 중 37명(88%)은 발견된 지 1년 미만이었으며, 이들에서 유전형 내성 빈도는 약 4.8%이었다. V118I를 제외하면 NRTI 내성도 없었다. 결론: 이전 치료력이 없는 사람면역결핍바이러스 감염 환자에서 유전형 내성 빈도는 약 4.8%였다. V118I를 제외하면 전파된 고도내성은 없었다. Background: The prevalence of HIV drug resistance mutations in drug-naive patients has been shown to differ with geographic origin. The purpose of this study is to assess the prevalence of transmitted antiretroviral drug resistance mutations in drug-naive patients in Korea. Methods: Genotypic resistance was determined by the use of the Viroseq Genotyping System in 42 antiretroviral treatment naive HIV-infected patients between March 2005 and July 2006. Transmitted drug resistance was estimated according to the IAS-USA 2005 definition, taking into account only major mutations in the protease and all mutations in the reverse transcriptase, including revertant mutations at codon 215. Results: The median age of the patients was 42 years and 37 (88%) were male. The median CD4+T cell count was 136/mm3 and the mean plasma RNA level was 4.98 log copies/mL. Among 42 patients studied, 37 (88%) were newly diagnosed patients. None of the patients were recent seroconverters; 38 patients (90%) were infected with subtype B and 4 patients were infected (10%) with the non-B subtype strains (2 patients with CRF01-AE 1 as CRF02-AG; 1 patient with subtype A). Of the 42 subjects tested, we found 2 (4.8%) mutations in NRTI (V118I), but did not find a mutation in NNRTI as well as in the PI region. Conclusions: The prevalence of transmitted antiretroviral drug resistance in drug-naive patients is still low in Korean patients.(Korean J Med 73:243-250, 2007)
흰쥐에서 생애초기의 스트레스 경험이 성숙후 신경행동에 미치는 영향
김원주,이서울,김동구,김경환,Kim, Won-Joo,Lee, Seo-Ul,Kim, Dong-Goo,Kim, Kyung-Hwan 대한약리학회 1995 대한약리학잡지 Vol.31 No.2
This study aimed to determine whether exposure to stress during developmental period causes permanent behavioral and/or neurochemical alterations. Alterations of behavior were studied in young and aged rats which have been exposed to uncontrollable and unpredictable electric shocks on postnatal day(PND) 14 or PND 14 and 21. The concentrations of monoaminergic neurotransmitters were also measured to determine whether the behavioral alterations were accompanied by neurochemical changes. The results obtained are as follows: 1) The rate of increase in body weight was reduced at one day after exposure to the 1st series of shocks on PND14. However, these findings could not be observed after exposure to the 2nd series of shocks on PND 21. 2) Explorative activity decreased at one day after exposure to the 1st series of shocks on PND14. However this findings could not be observed after exposure to the 2nd series of shocks on PND 21. 3) At 100 days of age, there were little changes in the spontaneous locomotor activities measured for consecutive 23 hrs. However, there was positive correlation between the shock number showing the 1st helplessness during receiving the 1st series of shocks and the night time ambulatory activity of females, and was negative correlation between the shock number showing the 1st helplessness during receiving the 1st or 2nd series of shocks on PND 14 or 21 and the night time ambulatory activity of females. 4) At $360{\sim}390$ days of age, night time ambulatory activity decreased in female rats which have been exposed to shocks on PND 14 and 21, but not in males. 5) In the aged female rats, the concentrations of 5-HT, dopamine and their metabolites were not different among groups. However, the ratio of 5-HIAA/5-HT increased in the frontal cortices of rats exposed to shocks on PND 14 and 21. These results demonstrate that the early experience of serious stress results in persistent alterations of behavior accompanying altered neurochemistry, and aging may unmask a subtle neuronal deficit causes by the early experience of serious stress.
인버터의 직류링크 전압 검출 및 궤환을 위한 절연앰프 회로
김경서(Kyung-Seo Kim) 전력전자학회 2014 전력전자학회 논문지 Vol.19 No.6
This study proposes an isolation amplifier circuit for the sensing and feedback of inverter DC-link voltage, which is inevitable for the precise control of inverter output voltage. The isolation amplifier consists of a pulse-width modulator and a pulse transformer with dual secondary windings. The accuracy of the proposed circuit depends on the precise matching of filter parameters in dual secondary circuits. The influences of parameter inaccuracy on the amplifier performances are analyzed. A modified circuit is proposed to reduce the dependency on filter parameters. The validity of the proposed method is verified through simulation and experiment.
김서린 ( Seo Rin Kim ),최보경 ( Choi Bo Kyung ),김일영 ( Il Young Kim ),손정민 ( Jung Min Son ),성은영 ( Eun Youg Seong ),송상헌 ( Sang Heon Song ),이동원 ( Dong Won Lee ),이수봉 ( Soo Bong Lee ),곽임수 ( Ihm Soo Kwak ) 대한신장학회 2011 Kidney Research and Clinical Practice Vol.30 No.5
A 59-year-old female was admitted with left flank pain. She had heat intolerance and dyspnea for the last 3 years. She was diagnosed as having renal and splenic infarction. 2 phase computed tomography (CT) scan on abdomen and pelvis showed a non-enhancing portion at the anterior aspect of the left kidney and multifocal low density at the spleen. Laboratory examinations revealed TSH 0.0004 uIU/ mL, Free T4 2.69 ng/dL, T3 1.67 ng/mL, anti TPO antibody 207 U/mL (positive), anti TG antibody 52.7 U/mL (positive) and TSH receptor antibody >40 U/mL. A diagnosis of hyperthyroidism was made. Factor VIII activity increased over 160% (normal range 60-140), which has been known to increase in the cases of hyperthyroidism. Except for an increased factor VIII activity there were no thrombogenic abnormalities. She recovered well after the treatment with methimazole in addition to warfarin followed by intravenous heparin. This case is consistent with the assumption that hyperthyroidism, probably through a factor VIII-mediated hypercoagulability, may be a predisposing factor for the development of renal and splenic infarction.